CN202181357U - Electrolytic tank capable of greatly reducing horizontal current - Google Patents

Electrolytic tank capable of greatly reducing horizontal current Download PDF

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Publication number
CN202181357U
CN202181357U CN2011202893830U CN201120289383U CN202181357U CN 202181357 U CN202181357 U CN 202181357U CN 2011202893830 U CN2011202893830 U CN 2011202893830U CN 201120289383 U CN201120289383 U CN 201120289383U CN 202181357 U CN202181357 U CN 202181357U
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China
Prior art keywords
cathode
electrolyzer
carbon pieces
horizontal current
steel bar
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CN2011202893830U
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘正
杨朝红
郭海龙
陈颖
黄�俊
刘坚
周剑飞
程然
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Guiyang Aluminum Magnesium Design and Research Institute Co Ltd
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Guiyang Aluminum Magnesium Design and Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

The utility model discloses an electrolytic tank capable of greatly reducing horizontal current, which comprises anode carbon blocks (1), cathode steel bars (2), a hearth (3), cathode carbon blocks (4) and the like. The electrolytic tank is characterized in that the cathode steel bar (2) is in a 'gradual-change type' cathode bundling and pasting structure, namely a cathode bundling and pasting structure with an inclined surface or a step type section, high-temperature-resistant insulating materials are filled on the inclined surface or the step type section, the cathode steel bars (2) are proportionally arranged in the cathode carbon blocks (4), the width S of a large processing surface (5) in the hearth (3) is controlled to range between 240mm to 269mm, and the cathode carbon blocks (4) are aligned with the anode carbon blocks (1), namely, the width of each cathode block is equal to that of each anode carbon block and ranges from 600mm to 800mm.

Description

Can reduce the electrolyzer of horizontal current significantly
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of electrolyzer.
Background technology
Current aluminium electrolytic industry is to the tankage large scale development.Since 2005, domestic priority has been built 350-500kA large scale electrolytic cell, and existing grooved is also at current strengthening constantly.Under the trend that the maximization of electrolyzer and electric current are strengthened, the electrolyzer Study on Stability become the design of electrolyzer and produce in one of more and more important problem.
Horizontal current is that aluminium cell is produced and bigly to be avoided in the aluminium liquid, because the horizontal current in the aluminium liquid interacts with vertical magnetic field, produces electromagnetic force, causes the flowing of aluminium liquid, fluctuation and electrolyzer instability.Horizontal current is excessive, and stability, the technico-economical comparison of electrolyzer all had very big influence.In addition, horizontal current can make melt flow accelerate, and erosion stove group destroys burner hearth, causes the groove inner lining damage, influences cell life.So horizontal current is very big to the influence of the stability of electrolyzer, current efficiency, cell life, we must try every possible means to reduce the horizontal current of electrolyzer in design with in producing.The origin cause of formation of analysis level electric current and Preventing Countermeasures, production management has very important meaning to electrolyzer.
Theoretically; The instability of electrolyzer is to cause that by the electromagnetic force that horizontal current in the aluminium liquid and vertical magnetic field effect produce the calculation formula of electromagnetic force is .The form of being write as three durection components then becomes:
Figure 655889DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
(1)
When
Figure 864147DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
and
Figure 740837DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
, then above-mentioned formula becomes:
Figure 563299DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
(2)
In formula (1) and (2):
Figure 643382DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
is electromagnetic force;
Figure 904599DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
is current density, and
Figure 573477DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
is magneticstrength;
Figure 379891DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
;
Figure 196537DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
; refers to the long axis direction of electrolyzer respectively; Short-axis direction and vertical direction.
Can find out from top formula; When electrolyzer horizontal current density
Figure 269983DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
when being 0, electromagnetic force
Figure 575194DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
will not receive the influence in the magnetic field
Figure 879136DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
of vertical direction.As long as control horizontal current density
Figure 154260DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
very for a short time in therefore and producing in design; Even magnetic environment is weaker, electrolyzer still can stably be produced.That is to say; After horizontal current density diminished, electrolyzer stability will be diminished by the influence of vertical magnetic field
Figure 673097DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
.The most important task of electrolyzer Magnetic Field Design is exactly the magnetic field of trying every possible means to reduce vertical direction; To strengthen the stability of electrolyzer, can reach same purpose and reduce horizontal current.
Along with development of technology, the voltage of large-scale groove can be controlled in the 4V, so the heat insulation effect of electrolyzer is more and more important.But more than 270mm reached, big machined surface can cause the electrolyzer heat radiation to increase to the machined surface width of electrolyzer, thereby needs higher bath voltage replenish its heat dissipation capacity always; In addition, excessive machined surface is unfavorable for that electrolyzer forms regular burner hearth, therefore is unfavorable for controlling the electrolyzer horizontal current.
420kA electrolyzer with the Guiyang Institute of Al-Mg-Design design is an example, in use in the past, and aluminium liquid layer horizontal current
Figure 550234DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Peak is at 5000A/m 2About, MV is at 2721A/m 2, electrolyzer short-axis direction horizontal current distributes as shown in Figure 1.
Not enough below the tradition electrolyzer exists:
(1) combining form of cathode carbon pieces and cathode steel bar is connected with pricking the mode of sticking with paste all fillings, and the horizontal current of electrolyzer short-axis direction is bigger.
(2) cathode steel bar is not uniformly distributed with in cathode carbon pieces, causes that the horizontal current of long axis direction is bigger;
(3) the big face machined surface of electrolyzer is unfavorable for setting up regular burner hearth than broad;
(4) cathode carbon pieces is narrower than anode carbon block, causes that the horizontal current of long axis direction is bigger.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the utility model will solve is, a kind of electrolyzer that can reduce horizontal current significantly is provided, and is bigger to overcome the horizontal current that prior art exists, deficiencies such as electric tank working poor stability.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem; The utility model adopts following technical scheme: cathode steel bar adopts " gradual change type " negative electrode to prick and sticks with paste structure; Promptly adopt the negative electrode in inclined-plane or staged cross section prick to stick with paste structure, on the inclined-plane or the staged section fill high-temperature insulation material (like ceramic fiber cotton, high-strength mould material etc.); Cathode steel bar is arranged in the cathode carbon pieces moderate proportions; The big face machined surface of burner hearth is controlled between 240-269mm; Adopt cathode carbon pieces and anode carbon block alignment structures, promptly the cathode carbon pieces width equates with anode width, and it is worth between 600mm-800mm.
The high-temperature insulation material of filling at the staged section forms ladder, relation below this ladder satisfies:
Figure 691365DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
; is cathode carbon pieces length in the formula, and
Figure 774039DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
is high-temperature insulation material length in the ladder;
Figure 724678DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
; ;
Figure 835033DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
sticks with paste total height for pricking, and
Figure 839898DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
,
Figure 277833DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
are respectively the height of high-temperature insulation material two " ladders " in the ladder.
The high-temperature insulation material that fill at place, described inclined-plane forms triangle body, and this triangle body satisfies following relationship:
;
Figure 46386DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
is cathode length in the formula, and
Figure 159835DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
is high-temperature insulation material length in the triangle body;
Figure 898115DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
;
Figure 184740DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
sticks with paste total height for pricking in the formula, and
Figure 47568DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
is high-temperature insulation material height in the triangle body.
Cathode steel bar is arranged in the cathode carbon pieces moderate proportions and is meant that the cathode steel bar equal proportion is distributed in the cathode carbon pieces, satisfies following relationship:
Figure 331918DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
;
Figure 806762DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
is the cathode carbon pieces width in the formula;
Figure 647810DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
is the distance from the cathode carbon pieces edge to the cathode steel bar center, and this distance equates with the distance of cathode steel bar center to the cathode carbon pieces center.
The characteristics of above technical scheme are following:
(1) narrow machined surface.Be controlled at the big face machined surface of electrolyzer in 240mm-269mm scope.
(2) " gradual change type " negative electrode is pricked and is stuck with paste, and promptly inclined-plane or staged cross section negative electrode are pricked and stuck with paste structure.Stay an oblique triangle or stepped shape to prick to stick with paste in the cathode steel bar exit and fill, and replace, to reduce electrolyzer short-axis direction horizontal current with high-temperature insulation material without negative electrode.
(3) cathode and anode alignment.Adopt big cathode carbon pieces technology, promptly the cathode carbon pieces width equates with the anode carbon block width, and it is worth between 600mm-800mm.Workload in the time of can reducing to construct like this can reduce the damaged probability of electrolyzer again.
(4) cathode steel bar is evenly arranged in cathode carbon pieces.Traditional cathode carbon pieces since its width generally in 530mm; Therefore consider from structure; Two cathode steel bars in every cathode carbon pieces are by intermediate arrangement, and in the utility model owing to adopted big cathode carbon pieces, so cathode steel bar adopts evenly layout in cathode carbon pieces.
The main purpose that cathode steel bar is uniformly distributed in the cathode carbon pieces is the horizontal current that reduces long axis direction, and negative electrode is wide more, and this structure is favourable more to reducing horizontal current.
Usually the generation of horizontal current has two reasons in the aluminium liquid layer: (1) electrolyzer side goes out electric form and has determined that the electric current in the aluminium liquid can be inclined to one side toward going out electricity mouthful direction by vertically downward.(2) existence of aluminium liquid has determined the horizontal current of the oriented groove center direction of big face place aluminium liquid beyond the anode view field.
More than the existence of two factors, make under the conventional cathode structure horizontal current bigger.And this patent just is being based on the reason that horizontal current produces, and tries every possible means to reduce horizontal current.
Because " gradual change " formula of use negative electrode is pricked the technology of paste; Lean on the contact area of steel bar current outlet head place charcoal piece and rod iron to reduce in the cathode construction; Be that resistance can increase, therefore can force the past intermediate flow of electric current in the aluminium liquid, thereby reach the purpose that reduces the short-axis direction horizontal current.
The use of little machined surface then helps electrolyzer and forms regular burner hearth, makes aluminium liquid minimizing outside the anode view field, therefore helps reducing the horizontal current of big face place aluminium liquid toward groove center.
Adopt the utility model, the horizontal current of electrolyzer reduces significantly, and short-axis direction horizontal current MV is by 2721 original A/m 2Be reduced to 431A/m 2
Range of application:
The utility model construction is simple, can reduce the horizontal current of electrolyzer aluminium liquid layer significantly, for the stability that strengthens electrolyzer with reduce direct current consumption very important meaning all arranged, no matter be that the transformation or the design of new trough of old trough can be used.It is the practical application to national energy-saving and emission-reduction policy, especially is worth promoting for the electrolysis of aluminum industry of high energy consumption.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a horizontal current distribution plan in traditional electrolyzer; X-coordinate is represented the distance (m of unit) of this point and groove axis among the figure, and ordinate zou is a horizontal current
Figure 829393DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Numerical value (the A/m of unit 2);
Fig. 2 is a horizontal current distribution plan in the utility model electrolyzer; X-coordinate is represented the distance (m of unit) of this point and groove axis among the figure, and ordinate zou is a horizontal current
Figure 81383DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Numerical value (the A/m of unit 2);
Fig. 3 is the cell construction synoptic diagram of the utility model; 1 is anode carbon block among the figure; 3 is burner hearth; 5 is big face machined surface,
Figure 981206DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
be big face machined surface width.
Fig. 4 is that the negative electrode of the utility model is pricked negative electrode synoptic diagram when sticking with paste to the staged cross section; 2 is cathode steel bar among the figure, and 4 is cathode carbon pieces, and 6 is the staged high-temperature insulation material.
Fig. 5 is the A-A diagrammatic cross-section among Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the B-B diagrammatic cross-section among Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is that the negative electrode of the utility model is pricked negative electrode synoptic diagram when sticking with paste to the inclined-plane; 2 is cathode steel bar among the figure, and 4 is cathode carbon pieces, and 7 is triangle body formula high-temperature insulation material.
Fig. 8 is the C-C diagrammatic cross-section among Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the D-D diagrammatic cross-section among Fig. 7.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the utility model: electrolyzer comprises parts such as anode carbon block 1, cathode steel bar 2, burner hearth 3, cathode carbon pieces 4; Cathode steel bar 2 adopts " gradual change type " negative electrode to prick and sticks with paste structure; Promptly adopt the negative electrode in inclined-plane or staged cross section prick to stick with paste structure, on the inclined-plane or the staged section fill high-temperature insulation material; Cathode steel bar 2 is arranged for equal proportion in cathode carbon pieces 4; The width S of the big face machined surface 5 of burner hearth is controlled between 240-269mm; Cathode carbon pieces 4 aligns with anode carbon block 1, and the cathode carbon pieces width equates with the anode carbon block width, is 665mm.
On the inclined-plane or the staged section high-temperature insulation material of filling be ceramic fiber cotton, high-strength mould material etc.
The high-temperature insulation material of filling at the staged section forms ladder 6, relation below this ladder 6 satisfies:
Figure 360365DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
;
Figure 724351DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
is cathode length in the formula, and is high-temperature insulation material length in the ladder;
;
Figure 717211DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
; sticks with paste total height for pricking, and
Figure 217911DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
, are respectively the height of high-temperature insulation material two " ladders " in the ladder.
The high-temperature insulation material that fill at place, described inclined-plane forms triangle body 7, and this triangle body 7 satisfies following relationship:
Figure 62556DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
;
Figure 886287DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
is cathode length in the formula, and
Figure 854243DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
is high-temperature insulation material length in the triangle body;
Figure 12692DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
;
Figure 724296DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
sticks with paste total height for pricking in the formula, and
Figure 402533DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
is high-temperature insulation material height in the triangle body.
Cathode steel bar 2 is arranged in cathode carbon pieces 4 moderate proportions and is meant that the cathode steel bar equal proportion is distributed in the cathode carbon pieces, satisfies following relationship:
Figure 603707DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
;
Figure 187135DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
is the negative electrode width in the formula;
Figure 249900DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
is the distance from the cathode carbon pieces edge to the cathode steel bar center, and this distance equates with the distance of cathode steel bar center to the cathode carbon pieces center.
Aluminium liquid layer horizontal current among Fig. 1
Figure 235174DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Peak is at 5000A/m 2About, MV is at 2721A/m 2Aluminium liquid layer horizontal current among Fig. 2
Figure 607249DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
MV is 431A/m 2Both compare, and the electrolyzer in the patent art is reducing to have significant technique effect aspect the horizontal current.
Fig. 3 is the electrolyzer synoptic diagram of the utility model, because machined surface is narrower than traditional electrolyzer, so sticks with paste around the groove highly and should appropriateness reduce, and the climax risk simultaneously, so also helps the safety of electrolyzer during with eliminating electrolyzer change poles.Width among the figure
Figure 491023DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
span is between 240mm-269mm, and this value of traditional electrolyzer is more than 270mm reaches.
Geometric ratio distribution cathode steel bar among Fig. 4 and Fig. 7 should not use on little cathode carbon pieces, because there is structural risk in little cathode carbon pieces under this form.

Claims (6)

1. electrolyzer that can reduce horizontal current significantly; It comprises anode carbon block (1), cathode steel bar (2), burner hearth (3), cathode carbon pieces (4); It is characterized in that: cathode steel bar (2) adopts " gradual change type " negative electrode to prick and sticks with paste structure; Promptly adopt the negative electrode in inclined-plane or staged cross section prick to stick with paste structure, on the inclined-plane or the staged section fill high-temperature insulation material; Cathode steel bar (2) is arranged for equal proportion in cathode carbon pieces (4); The big face machined surface (5) of burner hearth (3) is controlled between 240mm-269mm; Cathode carbon pieces (4) aligns with anode carbon block (1), and promptly cathode carbon pieces (4) width equates with anode carbon block (1) width.
2. the electrolyzer that can reduce horizontal current significantly according to claim 1 is characterized in that: on the inclined-plane or the staged section to fill nonconducting high-temperature insulation material be that ceramic fiber is cotton, or fill high-strength mould material.
3. the electrolyzer that can reduce horizontal current significantly according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: fill high-temperature insulation material at the staged section and form ladder (6), relation below this ladder (6) satisfies:
Figure 918403DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
;
Figure 948676DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
is cathode length in the formula, and
Figure 44808DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
is high-temperature insulation material length in the ladder;
;
Figure 434649DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
;
Figure 635823DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
sticks with paste total height for pricking, and
Figure 219251DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
,
Figure 547596DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
are respectively the height of high-temperature insulation material two " ladders " in the ladder.
4. the electrolyzer that can reduce horizontal current significantly according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: fill high-temperature insulation material and form triangle body (7) at place, described inclined-plane, and this triangle body (7) satisfies following relationship:
Figure 267290DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
;
Figure 639365DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
is cathode carbon pieces s length in the formula, and
Figure 710090DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is high-temperature insulation material length in the triangle body;
Figure 576545DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
;
Figure 478642DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
sticks with paste total height for pricking in the formula, and
Figure 959302DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
is high-temperature insulation material height in the triangle body.
5. the electrolyzer that can reduce horizontal current significantly according to claim 1 is characterized in that: cathode steel bar (2) is arranged in cathode carbon pieces (4) moderate proportions and is meant that the cathode steel bar equal proportion is distributed in the cathode carbon pieces, satisfies following relationship:
Figure 330372DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
;
Figure 921890DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
is the cathode carbon pieces width in the formula;
Figure 678494DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
is the distance from the cathode carbon pieces edge to the cathode steel bar center, and this distance equates with the distance of cathode steel bar center to the cathode carbon pieces center.
6. the electrolyzer that can reduce horizontal current significantly according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: adopt cathode carbon pieces (4) and anode carbon block (1) alignment structures; Be that cathode carbon pieces (4) width equates that with anode carbon block (1) width its width value is between 600mm-800mm.
CN2011202893830U 2011-08-10 2011-08-10 Electrolytic tank capable of greatly reducing horizontal current Expired - Fee Related CN202181357U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102925927A (en) * 2011-08-10 2013-02-13 贵阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 Electrolytic tank capable of greatly reducing horizontal current

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102925927A (en) * 2011-08-10 2013-02-13 贵阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 Electrolytic tank capable of greatly reducing horizontal current
CN102925927B (en) * 2011-08-10 2016-06-01 贵阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 The electrolysis bath of horizontal current can be greatly lowered

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C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20120404

Termination date: 20170810

CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee