Plastics dry-type separation technology
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plastic sorting process, particularly relate to a kind of plastics dry-type separation technology.
Background technology
The annual waste material that contains plastics that produces of China causes serious pollution in ten million ton to living environment and natural environment, and at present, there is following approach in China to the processing of the waste material that contains waste plastics, and the one, burn, the 2nd, landfill, the 3rd, sorting is regenerated.
Burn, burn the waste material that contains waste plastics, its harmful flue dust is fatal to the pollution of atmosphere, and country prohibites burning.
Landfill, the waste material that contains waste plastics is embedded in underground, and natural decomposition took more than 100 years, in decomposable process, also can produce harmful substance, polluted source and soil.
Sorting regeneration is through coming out the separating plastic in the waste material waste plastics recycling utilization to sorting out then; Whole process can not produce pernicious gas; Environmental pollution is minimum, is the better method of treatment of waste plastics, and artificial separation or mechanical sorting are generally adopted in waste plastics sorting at present; Artificial separation is wasted time and energy, inefficiency; Mechanical sorting mainly adopts wet cleaning process, promptly inserts screw feeder in the water to waste plastics, utilizes law of buoyancy; Waste plastics is separated with other waste material, then the plastics of keeping afloat are salvaged, realize that waste plastics separates with other waste material; This sorting mode one is that sorting is not thorough, still residual a large amount of waste plastics in the waste material of abandonment, and the 2nd, this sorting needs the water of labor; Need to handle, handle badly, can pollute the water source to waste water.
Therefore, be necessary to find and from waste material, sort out modification method to plastics.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: mechanical sorting, water can not realized from the waste material that contains plastics, separating plastics.
--drying--loose--screening---selection by winnowing that for solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopted comprises following five steps: will contain the waste material refinement of plastics;
Refinement: waste material is sent into shearing equipment shear, cut into sheet waste material fines less than the 20*20 millimeter;
Dry: as the waste material fines of shearing to be sent into the cylinder drying machine drying, the wind that is not less than the 50-80 degree is sent in the cylindrical drier, remove the moisture content in the waste material fines;
Loose: as dry waste material fines to be broken up with machinery, made the waste material fines loose;
Screening: loose waste material fines is sent into the vibrating screen classifier screening, and other waste material fines that makes proportion be different from the plastics fines separates with the plastics fines;
Selection by winnowing: the waste material fines that filters out is sent into the winnowing machine selection by winnowing, the plastics fines is separated with other waste material fines;
Realized from waste material, separating plastics through above step.
Preferred embodiment, the machinery that thinning process uses is cutter, sheet waste material fines size is less than the 10*10 millimeter; The machinery that dry run is used is cylindrical drier, air-heater; Cylindrical drier links to each other through ventilation duct with air-heater; Ventilation duct one end is communicated with the air-heater discharge pipe; Ventilation duct other end Shen is gone in the cylindrical drier, and the optimum temperature of sending into cylindrical drier wind in the dry run is a 50-80 Cuo Shi degree; The machinery that loose process is used is as disintegrating machine or stir the machine of closing; At least use a vibrating screen classifier in the screening process; Vibrating screen classifier length is greater than 3-5 millimeters of 4 meters, the aperture of 2-8 hertz of vibration frequencies, 4-8 millimeters of vibration amplitudes, vibrating screen classifier screen cloth; Be fixed with stock guide on the vibrating screen classifier screen cloth; Said stock guide is perpendicular to the vibrating screen classifier screen cloth, and stock guide is the 6-12 millimeter perpendicular to the screen cloth height, and the direction that stock guide and waste material fines advance has angle; Selection by winnowing process winnowing machine adopts vane type exhaust blower, its wind speed 3-10 meter per seconds, 50-200 cubic metres/minutes of air quantity.
Say that further angle is that 45 degree to 89 degree or 91 are spent to 135 degree.
All right, 3-5 millimeters in the aperture of 5 meters of vibrating screen classifier length, 3-5 hertz of vibration frequencies, 6-8 millimeters of vibration amplitudes, vibrating screen classifier screen cloth is fixed to rare two stock guides on the vibrating screen classifier screen cloth.
All right, vibrating screen classifier is two.
Plastics dry-type separation technology of the present invention; No matter be in rubbish, the industrial waste; Between most of plastics or most of plastics closely sweep along, twine, be sticked together with other waste material, be difficult for separately, can not be directly through screen, selection by winnowing separate plastics with other waste material.With the waste material refinement, waste material is sheared through shearing equipment, cuts into the sheet fines less than the 20*20 millimeter, separates plastics that twine, sweep along, are sticked together or plastics with other waste material mixture, and plastics and other waste material carry out initial gross separation; Waste material in rubbish, the industrial waste generally contains moisture content, through the waste material of refinement, though removed a part of moisture content; But a part of moisture content is still adhered on waste material fines itself and surface, because the existence of moisture content not only makes plastics not separate with other waste material, has also changed the proportion of various waste materials simultaneously; Screening and selection by winnowing efficient are reduced, be admitted to drying in the drying machine less than the waste material fines of 20*20 millimeter, the fines volume is little; Drying efficiency is high; The hot blast of logical 50-80 degree has further improved dry efficient in the process of drying, after dry fines dehydration, recovers the ortho states of waste material fines; Refinement has been satisfied the requirement of sieving basically with dry waste material fines; But still have a spot of waste material fines to be sticked together; Loose through waste material being carried out fines; Make between the plastics fines and the plastics fines further separates with other waste material fines, in loose process, can remove the grains of sand, grogs, fiber grain in the waste material fines part; Send waste material fines into vibrating screen classifier carry out vibrosieve, in vibrosieve process after handling the early stage in first three step; Effect lower leaf, separation that the waste material fines is vibrating because of the difference of proportion, volume; Waste material fines volume can fall screen cloth through the hole less than the vibrating screen classifier sieve screen apertures under the effect of vibration and gravity, waste material fines volume is greater than the vibrating screen classifier sieve screen apertures; Meeting vertical and horizontal movement under the effect of vibration with respect to screen plane; The every vibration of heavy waste material fines once vertical with horizontal movement apart from weak point, the little every vibration of waste material fines of proportion once vertically and the horizontal movement distance, the screen cloth of vibrating screen classifier is provided with vertical height 6-12 millimeter stock guide; Vertical and the horizontal movement of heavy waste material fines can't be crossed stock guide apart from weak point and moved on and can only move along stock guide; Vertical and the horizontal movement distance of the waste material fines that proportion is little can be crossed stock guide and continue to advance along screen cloth, through vibrosieve, the proportion waste material fines bigger than plastics fines is separated from the waste material fines; Main metal, the stone of removing in the waste material, the while is further removed the grains of sand, grogs, the fiber grain of waste material fines; Waste material fines through vibrosieve mainly comprises paper fines, wooden fines, plastics fines, and it is sent into the winnowing machine selection by winnowing, utilizes gravity and principle of inertia; The waste material fines can obtain a thrust under wind action, volume roughly the same (the waste material fines after refinement, drying, loose, screening generally can think roughly the same between 20 to 8 millimeters), and the proportion difference will obtain different initial velocity; Heavy, inertia is big, and initial velocity is little; The inertia that proportion is little is little, and initial velocity is big.Inertia is big; The little fines horizontal movement of initial velocity is apart from weak point; Inertia is little, and the material horizontal movement distance that initial velocity is big is because the reason of self gravitation; The plastics fines can drop on different places with other waste material fines (mainly comprising paper fines, wooden fines) that proportion is different from the plastics fines, thereby realized separating of plastics fines and other waste material fines.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a plastics dry-type separation process schematic representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a vibrating screen classifier stock guide sketch map of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is another sketch map of vibrating screen classifier stock guide of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 4.
The specific embodiment
In conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, the machinery that refinement 1 process is used is cutter; The machinery that dry 2 processes are used is cylindrical drier, air-heater, and cylindrical drier links to each other through ventilation duct with air-heater, and ventilation duct one end is communicated with the air-heater discharge pipe, and ventilation duct other end Shen is gone in the cylindrical drier; The machinery that loose 3 processes are used is for stirring the machine of closing; Sieve vibrating screen classifier 4a length used in 4 processes greater than 3-5 millimeters of 4 meters, the aperture of 2-8 hertz of vibration frequencies, 4-8 millimeters of vibration amplitudes, vibrating screen classifier 4a screen cloth 4a1; Be fixed with stock guide 4a2 on the vibrating screen classifier 4a screen cloth 4a1; Stock guide 4a2 is perpendicular to vibrating screen classifier screen cloth 4a1; Stock guide 4a2 vertical height is the 6-12 millimeter, and the direction that stock guide 4a2 and waste material fines advance has angle; Selection by winnowing 5 processes are used and are adopted the vane type exhaust blower, and its wind speed, air quantity can be adjusted, its wind speed 3-10 meter per seconds, 50-200 cubic metres/minutes of air quantity.
In conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, the machinery that refinement 1 process is used is cutter; The machinery that dry 2 processes are used is cylindrical drier, air-heater, and cylindrical drier links to each other through ventilation duct with air-heater, and ventilation duct one end is communicated with the air-heater discharge pipe, and ventilation duct other end Shen is gone in the cylindrical drier; The machinery that loose 3 processes are used is for stirring the machine of closing; Sieving vibrating screen classifier 4a used in 4 processes is two; Every vibrating screen classifier 4a length is 3-5 millimeters of 5 meters, the aperture of 3-5 hertz of vibration frequencies, 6-8 millimeters of vibration amplitudes, vibrating screen classifier 4a screen cloth 4a1; Be fixed with two stock guide 4a2 on the vibrating screen classifier 4a screen cloth 4a1, stock guide 4a2 is perpendicular to vibrating screen classifier 4a screen cloth 4a1, stock guide 4a2 vertical height 6-12 millimeter; Angle is 45 degree to 89 degree or 91 degree to 135 degree: selection by winnowing 5 processes are used and are adopted the vane type exhaust blower; Its wind speed, air quantity can be adjusted, its wind speed 3-10 meter per seconds, 50-200 cubic metres/minutes of air quantity.
Operation principle: rubbish, industrial waste waste material are sent into the cutter refinement; Cut into fines to waste material less than the 10*10 millimeter; The fines that make winding, the bulk waste material mixture of sweeping along, be sticked together becomes a fritter one fritter; Realize that under the effect of shearing force plastics and other waste material carry out initial gross separation, but some waste material twines, sweeps along, is sticked together; Waste material in rubbish, the industrial waste generally contains moisture content, through the waste material of refinement, in shear history, has removed a part of moisture content; But a part of moisture content is still adhered on waste material fines itself and surface, be admitted in the cylindrical drier less than the waste material fines of 10*10 millimeter dry, the wind of logical 50-80 degree in the dry process; Waste material fines volume is little; Drying efficiency is high, through the drying that dry fines further dewaters and becomes, recovers the ortho states of waste material fines; The machinery that loose 3 processes are used is for stirring the machine of closing; Refinement has been satisfied the requirement of sieving basically with dry waste material fines; But still have a spot of waste material fines to be sticked together; Loose 3 through stirring the machine of closing to the waste material fines, make between the plastics fines and the plastics fines further separates with other waste material fines, in loose 3 processes, can remove the grains of sand, grogs, fiber grain in the waste material fines part; After handling the early stage in first three step; The waste material fines is sent into vibrating screen classifier 4a sieve 4; Sieve in 4 processes, the waste material fines produces layering, separation because of the difference of proportion, volume under the vibration effect, and waste material fines volume is less than the diameter in vibrating screen classifier 4a screen cloth 4a1 hole; Under the effect of vibration and gravity, can fall screen cloth 4a1 through the hole; Waste material fines volume is greater than the hole of vibrating screen classifier 4a screen cloth 4a1, down can vertical and horizontal movement in the effect of vibration with respect to screen cloth 4a1 plane, and the every vibration of the heavy waste material fines distance that once moves both vertically is shorter than 6 millimeters, horizontal movement apart from being shorter than 5 millimeters; Every vibration of the little waste material fines of proportion once move both vertically distance greater than 6 millimeters, horizontal movement distance greater than 5 millimeters; Particularly the vertical distance with horizontal movement of the each vibration of plastics fines is farther in the waste material fines, and the screen cloth of vibrating screen classifier is provided with vertical height 6-12 millimeter stock guide 4a2, heavy waste material fines vertically and horizontal movement can't cross stock guide 4a2 apart from weak point and move on and can only move along stock guide 4a2; Vertical and the horizontal movement distance of the waste material fines that proportion is little can be crossed stock guide 4a2 and continue to advance along screen cloth 4a1; Through screening 4, the proportion waste material fines bigger than plastics fines separated from the waste material fines, mainly remove metal, stone in the waste material; Further remove simultaneously the grains of sand, grogs, the fiber grain of waste material fines, the waste material fines of process screening 4 mainly comprises paper fines, wooden fines, plastics fines; Selection by winnowing 5 lets fall through waste material fines the place ahead from the vane type exhaust blower of screening, and the waste material fines can obtain a thrust under wind action; Volume roughly the same (the waste material fines after refinement, drying, loose, screening generally can think roughly the same between 10 to 8 millimeters), the proportion difference will obtain different initial velocity, and is heavy; Inertia is big; Initial velocity is little, and the inertia that proportion is little is little, and initial velocity is big.Inertia is big, and the little fines horizontal movement of initial velocity is apart from weak point, and inertia is little; The material horizontal movement distance that initial velocity is big; Because the reason of self gravitation, the plastics fines can drop on different places with other waste material fines (mainly comprising paper fines, wooden fines) that proportion is different from the plastics fines, thereby has realized separating of plastics fines and other waste material fines; The air quantity of vane type exhaust blower and wind speed can be adjusted as required in sorting 5 processes, are blown into the plastics fines in the zone of appointment.
In screening 4 processes, increase a vibrating screen classifier 4a, further increased screening 4 effects, guarantee that the fines size is consistent after screening 4.