CN1772453A

CN1772453A - Mixed waste plastic separating method and apparatus thereof

Info

Publication number: CN1772453A
Application number: CNA2004100926891A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 金谷弦治; 松浦俊晓; 大垣阳二; 宫泽智裕; 清水浩; 山崎茂树
Original assignee: NKK Corp
Current assignee: JFE Engineering Corp
Priority date: 2004-11-12
Filing date: 2004-11-12
Publication date: 2006-05-17
Anticipated expiration: 2024-11-12
Also published as: CN100563977C

Abstract

The mixed waste plastic separating process includes the following steps: smelting no-chlorine plastic while maintaining chlorine-containing plastic in no-smelting state, pelletizing smelted no-chlorine plastic, and sieving to separate chlorine-containing plastic from no-chlorine plastic. The mixed waste plastic separating apparatus includes a smelting and pelletizing unit for softening mixed waste plastic and smelting and pelletizing no-chlorine plastic, and a sieving unit to separate the material from the smelting and pelletizing unit.

Description

The separation method of mixed waste plastic and device thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to separate in the plastics class discarded object from the discarded object of general discarded object and industrial waste etc. the method for chloride plastics and its device.

Plastic containing chlorine is PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and PVDC (Vingon) etc., below PVC and/or PVDC etc. is called " plastic containing chlorine ".

Background technology

The plastics class discarded object that is commonly referred to as waste plastics comprises multiple plastics.Based on polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) etc., also contain the plastic containing chlorine of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and PVDC (Vingon) etc.Under the situation that the mixed waste plastic that contains plastic containing chlorine is utilized again, have following problem.

One of method that effectively utilizes waste plastics is the method for jetting in blast furnace as the reducing agent of iron-bearing material in iron-smelter, but because the thermal decomposition of plastic containing chlorine produces hydrogen chloride gas, has the problem of etching apparatus.Therefore under the situation that will effectively utilize above-mentioned waste plastics, be necessary to remove in advance the pre-treatment of plastic containing chlorine, the content that makes it is below permissible value.

Published at this problem and from mixed waste plastic, to have separated plastic containing chlorine, can obtain making the method (for example opening the 2002-205306 communique) of the plastics of chlorinty below permissible value with reference to the spy.

The technology that the spy opens the 2002-205306 communique is based on the plastic containing chlorine and the different technology of fusing point of plastic containing chlorine not.In this technology contain plastic containing chlorine and not the mixed waste plastic of plastic containing chlorine stir, because the collision between the plastic sheet produces frictional heat, constantly stir, for example, make the plastics of this fusion become graininess because temperature is elevated to the temperature of not chloride plastics fusion.Utilize dry type proportion shape to separate or separate becoming granular plastics (not plastic containing chlorine) with the plastics that do not form particle (plastic containing chlorine) then, mixed waste plastic is divided into plastic containing chlorine and the not plastic containing chlorine that can effectively utilize with selection by winnowing shape separator.

If employing the method can obtain can be used as to the fuel feedstocks of winding-up usefulness such as the blast furnace of iron-smelter and cement kiln and the chloride low plastic grain shape thing that uses.

If adopt and specially to open the technology that the 2002-205306 communique is published, can obtain the plastics that chlorinity is low, can recycle use, but accept and use a side of this waste plastics to be desirable to provide the lower waste plastics of chlorinity.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide the chlorinity of the not plastic containing chlorine that separates from waste plastics is further lowered, can satisfy separation method and the device thereof of reciever the mixed waste plastic that reduces the chlorinity requirement.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides the separation method of mixed waste plastic with granulation treatment process and screening operation.

The granulation treatment process comprise plastic containing chlorine and not the mixed waste plastic of plastic containing chlorine stir, produce frictional heat, utilize this frictional heat that above-mentioned mixed waste plastic is heated up, make plastic containing chlorine remain on the state of not fusion, make granulation after the not plastic containing chlorine fusion simultaneously.Preferred above-mentioned plastic containing chlorine is at least a plastics that are selected from polyvinyl chloride and Vingon.

The screening operation is to comprise the handled thing of discharging from granulating working procedure is divided into handled thing and the handled thing more than the regulation particle diameter less than the regulation particle diameter, is separated into plastic containing chlorine and plastic containing chlorine not.Above-mentioned screening operation is preferably used the sieve of mesh as 1-3mm, is separated into plastic containing chlorine and plastic containing chlorine not.

Mixed waste plastic separation method of the present invention also preferably has the shape separating treatment operation that the handled thing more than the regulation particle diameter is separated into granular substance and non-particulate shape thing after the screening operation.

Mixed waste plastic separation method of the present invention preferably has begin the operation that temperature is cooled off to the mixed waste plastic in the temperature range that is lower than the plastic containing chlorine melt temperature in intensification and in plastic containing chlorine fusion never in above-mentioned granulation treatment process.

Mixed waste plastic separation method of the present invention has containing plastic containing chlorine and the operation handled for the first time of the mixed waste plastic of plastic containing chlorine not preferably before above-mentioned granulation treatment process.The processing residue of handling generation is for the first time delivered to the granulation treatment process.Above-mentioned first treatment process is preferably used the processing of a kind of method of selecting from comprise difference in specific gravity separating method, electrostatic separation method, group with near infrared discriminance.More preferred above-mentioned first processing is the processing that utilizes the Wet-type centrifugal partition method.

The invention provides mixed waste plastic separator in addition with melt pelletization device and screening plant.

The melt pelletization device be contain plastic containing chlorine and not the mixed waste plastic of plastic containing chlorine stir, produce frictional heat, utilize this frictional heat that above-mentioned mixed waste plastic is heated up, make granulation after the softening and fusing of mixed waste plastic.

Preferred above-mentioned melt pelletization device have the equipment mixer the melt pelletization groove, be determined at the mixed waste plastic temperature that stirs in the melt pelletization groove temperature-detecting device, be used to make the water injector of the plastic grain cooling of fusion, when the value with above-mentioned temperature-detecting device detection arrives the chilling temperature of predefined a plurality of points, start the control device of the control of water injector respectively.

Screening plant sieves the handled thing of melt pelletization device discharge from then on, is separated into handled thing and the handled thing more than the regulation particle diameter less than the regulation particle diameter.

Wish that also mixed waste plastic separator of the present invention has the shape separator that the handled thing more than the regulation particle diameter of discharging from screening plant is separated into granular substance and non-particulate shape thing.

Mixed waste plastic separator of the present invention also preferably have mixed waste plastic be separated into high specific gravity part and low-gravity partly the difference in specific gravity sorting unit and above-mentioned high specific gravity partly is transported to the device of melt pelletization device.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the key diagram of the mixed waste plastic method for separating and processing of embodiment 1.

Fig. 2 is another key diagram of the mixed waste plastic method for separating and processing of embodiment 1.

Fig. 3 is the perspective view of the melt pelletization device of expression embodiment 1.

Fig. 4 is the figure of the mixer structure of the melt pelletization device of expression embodiment 1.

Fig. 5 (a)-Fig. 5 (g) is installed in the diagram of the various stirring vane shapes on the mixer of melt pelletization device, the section of the A-A part in the presentation graphs 4 (b) for expression.

Fig. 6 is the perspective view that is illustrated in the air table formula dry type proportion shape separator of one of separator of using in the shape separating treatment operation.

Fig. 7 is the diagram that is illustrated in the wind power sorting device that forms one of separator of using in the separating treatment operation.

Fig. 8 is the key diagram of the mixed waste plastic method for separating and processing of embodiment 2-1.

Fig. 9 is the key diagram of the mixed waste plastic method for separating and processing of embodiment 2-2.

Figure 10 is the key diagram of the mixed waste plastic method for separating and processing of embodiment 2-3.

Figure 11 is the figure that is illustrated in the Wet-type centrifugal separator that uses in the difference in specific gravity sorting operation of embodiment 2.

Figure 12 is the figure of the heating and stirring device in the expression embodiment 2.

The specific embodiment

Embodiment 1

The spy opens the 2002-205306 communique and discloses and be separated into granular substance and non-particulate shape thing be carried out the mixed waste plastic that granulation handles in the melt pelletization device with the shape separator, the plastics separation method that granular substance is reclaimed as plastic containing chlorine not.The investigation result of carrying out according to the inventor is judged, only adopts the processing that is divided into granular substance and non-particulate shape thing, and the chlorinity of the not plastic containing chlorine that obtains is reduced fully.

This investigation is performed as follows.The film shape waste plastics that contains PVC is stirred, carrying out granulation utilizing the frictional heat that produces to make its softening also fusion in the device of the melt pelletization of granulation handles, its handled thing is carried out separating treatment with dry type proportion shape separator shown in Figure 6, obtain following 4 kinds of separators.

Left end is discharged from Fig. 6, is divided into the separator (heavy separator) of granular substance

Right-hand end is discharged from Fig. 6, is divided into the separator (light separator) of non-particulate shape thing

Mid portion is discharged from Fig. 6 powder and subparticle

The separator of being collected by dust catcher after dispersing

Then granular substance (heavy separator) screening, be divided into particle diameter big with little 2 classes.Use the sieve of mesh as 2.36mm.Measure the mass ratio of above-mentioned 5 kinds of separators then, analyzed the chlorinity of each separator simultaneously.Its result's of table 1 expression a example.

Table 1

		Chlorinity (quality %)	Mass ratio	The chlorine balance
		Chlorinity (quality %)	Mass ratio	The chlorine balance	Granular substance	Bulky grain (+2.36mm)	0.93	71.4	0.66
Granule (2.36mm)	5.3	9.6	0.51			Bulky grain (+2.36mm)	0.93	71.4	0.66
Granule (2.36mm)	5.3	9.6	0.51	Middle			1.7	4	0.07
Non-particulate shape thing		2.5	11	Middle	0.28		1.7	4	0.07
Non-particulate shape thing		2.5	11	Powder	0.28		7.8	4	0.31
Add up to			100	Powder	1.83		7.8	4	0.31

Following as can be seen from Table 1 situation.

(1) chlorinity of powder is very high.

(2) even the granular substance that is separated into, according to its different chlorinity differences of size of particle, the granular substance that particle diameter is little, its chlorinity be obvious high value.

Think that the reason of above-mentioned (1) and (2) is as follows.

The plasticizer that in the PVC of plastic containing chlorine, contains a large amount of DOP (dioctyl phthalate) etc., and this plasticizer volatilizees easily.Therefore after the waste plastics heating that contains PVC, a part of plasticizer among the PVC volatilizees, and its PVC becomes the state that enbrittles.And during the PVC that becomes fragile stirs, be ground into powder and molecule in the melt pelletization device.

The PVC powder and the molecule of above-mentioned generation, wherein a part manufactures after attached to fusion in granulation is handled on the particle of not plastic containing chlorine of particle.Therefore as in the separated granular substance of plastic containing chlorine not, because that the granule that specific area is big adheres to the ratio of PVC powder and molecule is big more, so short grained chlorinity height., be not collected after in the processing that is separated into granular substance and non-particulate shape thing with the shape separator, dispersing attached to PVC powder and molecule on the plastic containing chlorine particle not.

Therefore if the granule that is contained in powder, the molecule in the granulation handled thing of discharging and was divided into granular substance from the melt pelletization device is removed in the past, the chlorinity of isolated not plastic containing chlorine compared with prior art will obviously reduce.

Embodiment 1 is the embodiment based on above-mentioned result of study, has following feature.

[1] mixed waste plastic separation method, be that a mixed waste plastic that contains plastic containing chlorine is separated into the plastic containing chlorine and the separation method of the waste plastics of plastic containing chlorine not, it is characterized in that, has the granulation treatment process, it carries out following processing: above-mentioned mixed waste plastic stirs, and makes it produce frictional heat, utilizes its frictional heat that above-mentioned mixed waste plastic is heated up, plastic containing chlorine is not melted the back granulation, and makes plastic containing chlorine be in the state of not fusion; With the screening operation that the handled thing of discharging from the granulation treatment process is divided into less than the handled thing and the handled thing more than the regulation particle diameter of regulation particle diameter.

[2] the mixed waste plastic separation method described in [1] is characterized in that, has the shape separating treatment operation that the handled thing more than the regulation particle diameter is separated into granular substance and non-particulate shape thing after the screening operation.

[3] the mixed waste plastic separation method described in [1] or [2] is characterized in that, plastic containing chlorine is polyvinyl chloride and/or Vingon.

[4] mixed waste plastic separator, be that a mixed waste plastic that contains plastic containing chlorine is separated into the plastic containing chlorine and the separator of the waste plastics of plastic containing chlorine not, it is characterized in that, have that the frictional heat that utilize to stir produces makes the softening and fusion of plastics and the device of the melt pelletization of granulation, sieve with a handled thing of from the granulation treatment process, discharging, isolate screening plant less than the handled thing of regulation particle diameter.

[5] the mixed waste plastic separator described in [4] is characterized in that, configuration is separated into the handled thing more than the regulation particle diameter of discharging from screening plant the shape separator of granular substance and non-particulate shape thing in the operation behind screening plant.

In embodiment 1, when the regulation particle diameter is meant the handled thing of the waste plastics of discharging from the granulation treatment process in screening, be used to obtain the mesh size of the sieve of the plastics of chlorinity below desired value.As mentioned above, because particle diameter is more little, chlorinity in the granular substance is high more, so the desired value that the sieve screen apertures size of the particle diameter lower limit that can utilize plastics again depends on chlorinity is reclaimed in decision, its decision will be considered the proterties of waste plastics to be processed and the operating condition of melt pelletization device etc., is that carry out on the basis with the actual effect in past.General use mesh is the sieve between 1～3mm in the screening operation.

In embodiment 1, sieve operation as the method for the separative efficiency that is used to improve plastic containing chlorine, but only carry out the separative efficiency that this operation can improve plastic containing chlorine separately under the situation about having, can improve separative efficiency when implementing with additive method combination under the situation about having.Sieve operation separately and still implement, depend primarily on the proterties of the PVC in the waste plastics to be processed with the additive method combination.

Just according to the inventor's result of the test, stirring waste plastics, when carrying out the granulation processing, if contain PVC, then generating powder and the molecule of PVC, this powder is different because of the proterties of PVC with the degree that molecule generates.At PVC is under the situation of film shape, and most of PVC is pulverized in the granulation, become powder and molecule, and PVC is under the situation of the thicker handled thing of bottle equal thickness, and what have not left behind by pulverizing.

Therefore under the situation of the PVC that contains thin thickness, because PVC mostly is powder and molecule and attached on the granule in the granular substance, thereby only the handled thing of discharging from the melt pelletization device is sieved, just can separate these plastic containing chlorines.

Be under the situation of thicker handled thing, in the handled thing of from the melt pelletization device, discharging, except the PVC of powder and molecule, also have and do not have pulverized PVC at PVC.And these do not have pulverized PVC because its size mostly is the size that can not distinguish with the bulky grain in the granular substance greatly, even, do not have the PVC that pulverizes to be assigned to a class identical with bulky grain so the handled thing of discharging from the melt pelletization device is sieved yet.Therefore in embodiment 1, at PVC is under the situation of thicker handled thing, after the handled thing of discharging from the melt pelletization device sieved, remove contain the powder and the granule in molecule and the granular substance of a lot of PVC after, carry out the proportion shape and separate and pneumatic separating.In this separating treatment, do not have pulverized PVC owing to be not manufactured into particle, be divided into light handled thing, separate with granular substance and be removed.

Fig. 1 is the key diagram of an example of the mixed waste plastic method for separating and processing of embodiment 1.This figure represents to handle the situation of the waste plastics of the plastic containing chlorine that contains thin thickness.The waste plastics 60 that contains plastic containing chlorine in Fig. 1 is fractured into the size of 10～50mm about square at broken process 10.Broken mixed waste plastic is sent to granulating working procedure 11.Use aftermentioned melt pelletization device shown in Figure 3 in granulating working procedure 11, mixed waste plastic is carried out high-speed stirred, make it produce frictional heat, become granular substance after utilizing this frictional heat to make fusing point than the low not plastic containing chlorine fusion of plastic containing chlorine, plastic containing chlorine remains on the processing of the state of not fusion.Mixed waste plastic after granulation is handled is that the sieve of given size sieves with mesh in screening operation 12.Utilize this screening operation be divided into the content of plastic containing chlorine high less than the granular substance 61 more than the low regulation particle diameter of regulation size particles part (comprising powder, molecule and short grained particulate fraction 62) and plastic containing chlorine content.

In the granular substance 61 more than utilizing the isolated regulation particle diameter of above-mentioned processing, owing to just sneak into plastic containing chlorines such as a small amount of PVC, so granular substance 61 can be used as the reducing agent of source of iron, be used in work again to the raw material of blast furnace blowing with to the purposes of the raw material of winding-ups such as cement kiln.

Fig. 2 is the key diagram of another example of the mixed waste plastic method for separating and processing of embodiment 1.This figure represents to handle the situation that contains the waste plastics that certain thickness plastic containing chlorine is arranged.In Fig. 2 since 3 operations of broken process-granulating working procedure-screening operation in operation identical with the situation of Fig. 1, so omit its explanation.In this embodiment, after screening operation 12, be provided with shape separating treatment operation 13.This is owing to carrying out after melt pelletization handles containing the waste plastics that certain thickness plastic containing chlorine is arranged as mentioned above, manage herein and sneak into the plastic containing chlorine (non-particulate shape thing) that is not broken into powder and subparticle in the thing, can not be in the screening operation this non-particulate shape thing (plastic containing chlorine) and the granular substance more than the regulation particle diameter separate.Therefore after screening operation 12, the operation that the handled thing that is separated as the handled thing more than the regulation particle diameter is separated into granular substance and non-particulate shape thing is set.

In shape separating treatment operation 13, adopt the shape separating and treating apparatus of aftermentioned dry type proportion shape separator shown in Figure 6 and wind power sorting device shown in Figure 7 etc., carry out the handled thing (mixture 63 of granular substance and non-particulate shape thing) more than screening operation 12 isolated regulation particle diameters is divided into granular substance 64 that mainly comprises plastic containing chlorine not and the processing that mainly comprises the non-particulate shape thing 65 of plastic containing chlorine sheet.

In utilizing the isolated granular substance 64 of above-mentioned processing,,, granular substance 64 is used in the raw material and the purposes that be used for to the raw material of winding-ups such as cement kiln of work again to blast furnace blowing so can be used as the reducing agent of iron-bearing material owing to only adhere to a small amount of PVC and PVDC.

In the method for separating and processing of mixed waste plastic shown in Figure 2, the order setting that treatment process is separated by fragmentation-granulation-screening-shape, still the processing for the clearance that improves plastic containing chlorine may not be defined in above-mentioned order.Also can handle by the order of fragmentation-granulation-shape separation-screening.If but adopt treatment process to be arranged to sieve-method shown in Figure 2 of the order that shape is separated, owing to be removed at the handled thing of screening operation less than the regulation particle diameter, alleviate so in shape separating treatment operation, load, while, institute was so that handle simplification owing to the operation that can only be separated into 2 kinds of granular substance (heavy handled thing) and non-particulate shape things (light handled thing).

Below the device that uses in embodiment 1 is described.Fig. 3 is the perspective view that is illustrated in an example of the melt pelletization apparatus structure that uses in the granulating working procedure.Melt pelletization device shown in Figure 3 is that mixer is rotated at a high speed, produce frictional heat, utilize this frictional heat to make the melt pelletization device of granulation after the plastics fusion, the 20th, pack into mixed waste plastic and the melt pelletization groove of granulation, the 21st, stir the mixer of the mixed waste plastic in the melt pelletization groove of packing into, the 22nd, the blade of mixer, the 23rd, the motor of driving stirring vane, the 24th, loading port, the 25th, outlet, 26 are provided in a side of the door of outlet.60 expression mixed waste plastics.

Be provided with the thermometer (not have expression among the figure) of the temperature that detects the waste plastics that is loaded on the top of melt pelletization groove 20 and the water injector (not representing among the figure) of cooling usefulness after this waste plastics granulation.And the mixed waste plastic that is loaded into is in the frictional heat that utilize to stir, when rising to the set point of temperature of plastic containing chlorine melt pelletization not, and the water spray cooling, the process of granulation stops, and obtains the suitable granular substance of particle diameter.

Mixer 21 is configured in the bottom of melt pelletization device 20, is configured in the stirring vane 22 of the circumferencial direction rotation of melt pelletization groove 20 on this mixer substantially abreast with the bottom surface of melt pelletization device 20.The blade 22 of mixer should have the stirring waste plastics makes it produce the function of frictional heat, uses the structure shown in Fig. 4 (a) and (b) in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 (a) is the front view of mixer, (b) is the vertical view of mixer.Mixer is set at the bottom of melt pelletization device, becomes the structure that a plurality of stirring vanes 22 are installed on the rotor plate 31 that is contained on the turning cylinder 30.Pack into the rotation of mixed waste plastics by this stirring vane 22 in the groove 20 is stirred and heats up.

Stirring vane 22 comprises primary blades 32 and the upright in the above vertical blade 33 that is provided with that forms abreast with the bottom surface, uses the blade of various structures according to the operating condition of melt pelletization device.Fig. 5 (a)～(g) is the figure of A-A position section in the presentation graphs 4 (b).Fig. 5

(a) stirring vane top ends 34 is for cutting off rectangular writing board shape, and the stirring vane top ends 34 of Fig. 5 (b) be a circular arc, and whatsoever stirring vane is all paid attention to stirring and produced the function of frictional heat, does not have the function of cut-out waste plastics.

The stirring vane top ends 34 of Fig. 5 (c) is done and is acutangulated.Because this stirring vane has the function of cutting off waste plastics, break process is simplified, in the granulation fusion tank, carry out the processing of the broken process of part, carry out simultaneously using under the situation that granulation handles.But consider the proterties of this stirring vane waste plastics to be processed and the separation condition in the subsequent process, under the operating condition of the separative efficiency that does not influence plastic containing chlorine, use this stirring vane.

The stirring vane of Fig. 5 (d)～Fig. 5 (g) is the blade that the stirring vane top ends among Fig. 5 (a)～Fig. 5 (c) cuts a part of shape, and the top ends of excision forms circular arc and stairstepping.This stirring vane does not have the function of cut-out in fact, still according to the difference of operating condition, can carry out certain cut-out.Therefore use this stirring vane, to a certain degree the big plastic sheet of can packing into alleviates the load of processing equipment for pulverizing.

In Fig. 4, only the stirring vane that forms primary blades 32 abreast with the bottom surface is illustrated, but is not limited to structure shown in Figure 4, the blade of the shape that for example also can be primary blades 32 tilt with respect to the bottom surface.

Fig. 6 is the perspective view that is illustrated in the air table formula dry type proportion shape separator of one of separation means of using in the shape separating treatment operation.This separator has the vibratory sieve 40 of the horizontal free vibration of cardinal principle on direction of vibration 42, with on vibratory sieve 40, on the roughly the same direction of direction of vibration, the many baffle plates (glazing bar) 41 that are parallel to each other and are configured to, become vibratory sieve 40 is tilted (sloped-end) to direction of vibration 42, simultaneously also to the tilt structure of (inclination of limit portion) of the horizontal direction vertical with direction of vibration 42.

Vibratory sieve 40 is vibrated on direction of vibration 42, air stream 43 by spray rising from vibratory sieve 40 belows simultaneously, the mixture 63 that is contained in granular substance on the vibratory sieve 40 and non-particulate shape thing is because specific gravity difference and differences in shape are separated into granular substance (heavy handled thing) 64 and non-particulate shape thing (light handled thing) 65.Powder disperses with the air stream 43 that rises, and is collected by dust catcher.

Carry out as stated above, the particulate fraction more than the regulation particle diameter that separates with screening plant is divided into high non-particulate shape thing and some the very high powders of chlorinity of granular substance, chlorinity more than the low regulation particle diameter of chlorinity.

Fig. 7 is the figure that is illustrated in the wind power sorting device of one of separator of using in the shape separating treatment operation.This device is the sorting unit that is called as the zigzag pneumatic separator, 50 for forming zigzag pneumatic separator main body, 51 is the loading port of the mixture 63 of granular substance and non-particulate shape thing, and 52 is the air blast from pneumatic separator main body 50 bottoms winding-up air, the 53rd, and dust catcher.

In this pneumatic separator, be blown into air with air blast 52, in pneumatic separator main body 50, produce ascending air, from pack into the mixture 63 of granular substance and non-particulate shape thing of the loading port 51 that is located at top.In the mixture 63, non-particulate shape thing (handled thing of film shape and lightweight handled thing) 65 disperses with the air-flow that rises, and is collected by dust catcher.On the other hand, granular substance 64 falls and is recovered.Carry out as stated above, be divided into chlorinity low granular substance 64 and the high non-particulate shape thing 65 of chlorinity with the particulate fraction 63 more than the regulation particle diameter of screening plant separation.In above-mentioned pneumatic separating, the air velocity in the pneumatic separator main body 50 generally is set in 2m/sec～4m/sec scope.

Embodiment 1

The processing in 4 stages of separating by fragmentation-granulation-screening-shape in embodiment 1 carries out separating the processing of plastic containing chlorine from waste plastics.The waste plastics of handling is the waste plastics that is used for container and packing etc. that commune collects.

The processing that separates plastic containing chlorine is performed as follows.After with shredder the packing part of container package plastics being taken apart, carry out fragmentation, make broken thing by the mesh screen about 10～50mm with disintegrating machine.

Pack into melt pelletization device with Fig. 3 same structure of this broken thing, mixer is run up, broken thing is heated up.The melt pelletization device uses the device of the stirring vane of structure shown in the installation diagram 5 (d).When the not plastic containing chlorine that reaches the thing of packing into is made into the set point of temperature (150 ℃～170 ℃) of particle, in the melt pelletization groove, spray water, make the cooling of granulation thing, make its surface cure.Can prevent by such cooling that the granulation thing is attached to each other and form big particle, can obtain the granular substance of the particle size range that needs.

Waste plastics after granulation handled is discharged from the melt pelletization device, sieves with the sieve of mesh 2.36mm, is divided into the handled thing (sieve down) less than the regulation particle diameter and stipulates handled thing (on the sieve) more than the particle diameter.

Pack into dry type proportion shape separator with Fig. 6 same structure of the handled thing on the above-mentioned sieve, be separated into granular substance and non-particulate shape thing, as the material recovery granular substance that can utilize again.

Repeatedly carry out the processing that from waste plastics, separates plastic containing chlorine, the rate of recovery of the granular substance that mensuration can be utilized again and its chlorinity based on aforesaid operations.This mensuration the results are shown in table 2.In the table, the rate of recovery of granular substance is used as the amount of granular substance recovery and represents with respect to the ratio of the amount of the not plastic containing chlorine of packing into.The rate of recovery of granular substance and chlorinity are with the width means of maximum-minimum of a value in addition.

Embodiment 2

The processing in 4 stages of separating by fragmentation-granulation-screening-shape in embodiment 2 carries out separating from waste plastics the processing of plastic containing chlorine.But in the shape separating treatment, use pneumatic separator.

In the processing of fragmentation-granulation-screening, use and the identical device of embodiment 1 situation, under the condition identical, carry out with embodiment 1.The waste plastics of handling is the waste plastics that is used for the container of the identical proterties of situation of embodiment 1 and packing etc.

The processing that separates plastic containing chlorine is performed as follows.In this embodiment because the processing of fragmentation-granulation-screening is identical with embodiment 1, so omit to explanation to screening processing before.

In the screening operation, the sieve that with mesh is 2.36mm is sieved pack into pneumatic separator with Fig. 7 same structure of handled thing more than the regulation particle diameter of separation, be separated into granular substance and non-particulate shape thing, as recycling material recovery granular substance.

Repeatedly carry out the processing that from waste plastics, separates plastic containing chlorine, the rate of recovery of the granular substance that mensuration can be utilized again and its chlorinity based on aforesaid operations.The table 2 that the results are shown in this mensuration.

Embodiment 3

Broken process is not set in embodiment 3, carries out two processing of broken and granulation in granulating working procedure.Therefore the processing of separation plastic containing chlorine from waste plastics is carried out in the processing in 3 stages by granulation-screening-shape separation.

The waste plastics of handling is the waste plastics that is used for the container of the identical proterties of situation of embodiment 1 and packing etc.The device that uses in this external screener's preface and the shape separating treatment operation is identical with the situation of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2.In granulating working procedure, used melt pelletization device shown in Figure 3, but the stirring vane of structure shown in Fig. 5 (c) has been installed in this melt pelletization device.

The processing that separates plastic containing chlorine is performed as follows.After with shredder the packing part of container package plastics being taken apart,, mixer is run up, frictional heat is produced its melt pelletization device of packing into.In the melt pelletization device, because stirring vane is shown in Fig. 5 (c), the top ends of direction of rotation becomes sharp keen shape, so the waste plastics of packing into heats up while being cut off, and is made into particle.Therefore waste plastics is container and packing etc., even do not carry out the break process as pre-treatment, also can manufacture particle to waste plastics.And the thing of packing into is sprayed water in the melt pelletization device when arriving set point of temperature, makes the cooling of granulation thing, makes its surface cure.

Handle pack into pneumatic separator with Fig. 7 same structure of the above handled thing (on the sieve) of isolated regulation particle diameter with above-mentioned screening, be separated into granular substance and non-particulate shape thing, as recycling material recovery granular substance.

Embodiment 4

In embodiment 4, the processing in 3 stages by fragmentation-granulation-screening carries out separating from waste plastics the processing of plastic containing chlorine.

The waste plastics of handling is to use and the container of the identical proterties of situation of embodiment 1 and the waste plastics packed etc., but has removed container classes such as bottle wherein.The device that is used for fragmentation-granulation-screening processing in addition is identical with the situation of embodiment 1.

The processing that separates plastic containing chlorine is performed as follows.After with shredder the packing part of container package plastics being taken apart, utilize to be called the rock type separator that the difference of utilizing screen resilience of impacting separator is carried out sorting, be separated into bottle etc. container class and bag and the plastics of the film of packaging film class etc.The plastics fragmentation of the film shape of separating, becoming can be by the broken thing of the mesh screen about 10～50mm then.

Pack into melt pelletization device with Fig. 3 same structure of this broken thing, mixer is run up, broken thing is heated up.When the thing of packing into reaches set point of temperature, in the melt pelletization groove, spray water, make the cooling of granulation thing, make its surface cure.

Waste plastics after granulation handled is discharged from the melt pelletization device, is that the sieve of 2.36mm sieves with mesh, is divided into the handled thing (sieve down) less than the regulation particle diameter and stipulates handled thing (on the sieve) more than the particle diameter.The above handled thing (on the sieve) of regulation particle diameter that separates is handled in above-mentioned screening to be reclaimed as recycling material.

Table 2

	Treatment process	The granular substance rate of recovery (quality %)	Granular substance chlorinity (quality %)
	Treatment process	The granular substance rate of recovery (quality %)	Granular substance chlorinity (quality %)	Embodiment 1	A	80～90	0.5～1.0
Embodiment 2	B	80～90	0.5～1.0	Embodiment 1	A	80～90	0.5～1.0
Embodiment 2	B	80～90	0.5～1.0	Embodiment 3	C	80～90	0.5～0.8
Embodiment 4	D	75～80	0.5～1.0	Embodiment 3	C	80～90	0.5～0.8
Embodiment 4	D	75～80	0.5～1.0	Comparative example	E	70～80	0.8～1.5

The expression of treatment process

A: fragmentation-granulation-screening-proportion shape is separated

B: fragmentation-granulation-screening-pneumatic separating

C: granulation-screening-pneumatic separating

D: fragmentation-granulation-screening

E: fragmentation-granulation-proportion shape is separated

In the foregoing description 1～embodiment 4, the sieve of the granulation thing of discharging from the melt pelletization device with mesh 2.36mm sieved, be divided into sieve and go up the above handled thing of regulation particle diameter and sieve down less than the handled thing of regulation particle diameter, above-mentioned mesh 2.36mm is not the value of the lower limit particle diameter (regulation particle diameter) that obtains not plastic containing chlorine (allowing the plastics of residual chlorine content) that can recycling of regulation.The permissible value that just remains in the chlorine in the granular substance is the value that reclaims user's requirement of plastics, and is different and different according to purposes.

The relation of the rate of recovery of the granular substance of having studied the mesh of the sieve that uses and having obtained.At first handle carrying out granulation with the melt pelletization device of Fig. 3 with the waste plastics of embodiment 1 identical proterties.Change the operating condition of melt pelletization device this moment, obtains 2 kinds of different granulation things of size distribution.This granulation thing be the results are shown in table 3 with the size distribution that obtains after the JIS standard mesh screen screening.Then 2 kinds of granulation things are sieved with 3 kinds of different vibratory sieves of mesh respectively.It is the results are shown in table 4.

As shown in table 4, if reduce sieve screen apertures, can improve the rate of recovery of granular substance, be favourable economically, but the chlorinity of the granular substance that reclaims increase.If the increasing sieve screen apertures, the chlorinity of the granular substance of recovery reduces, but the reduction of the rate of recovery of granular substance is disadvantageous economically.Therefore in the operation of actual device, the mesh of sieve will be taken into account the value and the granular substance rate of recovery of the chlorinity of user's requirement of reclaiming plastics and determine.

Table 3

Granularity (mm)	Mass ratio (%)
	Mass ratio (%)		The granulation Sample A	The granulation sample B
	+9.5	6.9	The granulation Sample A	The granulation sample B	0.4
5.6～9.5	+9.5	6.9	36.7	17.0	0.4
5.6～9.5	2.8～5.6	32.1	36.7	17.0	41.1
2.0～2.8	2.8～5.6	32.1	11.7	15.0	41.1
2.0～2.8	1.4～2.0	8.0	11.7	15.0	12.6
-1.4	1.4～2.0	8.0	4.6	13.9	12.6

Table 4

The granulation sample	Separate class	The mesh of vibratory sieve
		The mesh of vibratory sieve				2.01(mm)	2.6(mm)	3.344(mm)
		A	On the sieve (quality %)	91.6	86.6	2.01(mm)	2.6(mm)	3.344(mm)		82.0	79.0
Sieve is (quality %) down	8.4		On the sieve (quality %)	91.6	86.6	13.4	18.0	21.0		82.0	79.0
Sieve is (quality %) down	8.4		B	On the sieve (quality %)	81.2	13.4	18.0	21.0	71.7	64.8	71.3
Sieve is (quality %) down	18.8	28.3		On the sieve (quality %)	81.2	35.2	28.7		71.7	64.8	71.3

(comparative example)

The waste plastics of fragmentation is carried out granulation handle, do not sieve, the proportion shape separator of packing into of the handled thing after this granulation is handled is separated into granular substance (heavy handled thing), non-particulate shape thing (light handled thing) and powder.The material recovery that granular substance (heavy handled thing) conduct that utilizes this separating treatment to obtain can utilize again.

The waste plastics of handling is the waste plastics that is used for the container of the identical proterties of situation of embodiment 1 and packing etc.In the processing that this external fragmentation-granulation-proportion shape is separated, use the device identical with the situation of embodiment 1, the treatment conditions also situation with embodiment 1 are identical.

Repeatedly carry out above-mentioned processing, the rate of recovery of the granular substance that mensuration can be utilized again and its chlorinity.The result of this mensuration is shown in table 2 with the result of embodiment.

Got following problem clear from the result shown in the table 2.Confirmed to utilize the chlorinity of the granular substance among the embodiment that the method that adds the screening operation carries out to compare with the value of comparative example, all significantly low, utilize to add the operation that the handled thing of discharging from granulating working procedure is sieved, the chlorinity of granular substance is reduced significantly.

In embodiment 4, the only waste plastics that granulation the is handled processing of sieving, identical with other the situation of embodiment, the granular substance chlorinity reduces.As described later, this is because carried out the processing of container classes such as separating bottle before broken waste plastics, has removed certain thickness plastic containing chlorine, and only the waste plastics to film shapes such as bag and packaging film classes carries out the granulation processing.Therefore do not contain under the situation that certain thickness plastic containing chlorine is arranged in processing, perhaps before fragmentation, carried out removing under the situation of the processing that certain thickness plastic containing chlorine is arranged, even the waste plastics after only granulation being handled sieves, the chlorinity of granular substance is reduced significantly.

Its reason is as follows.As mentioned above, if in waste plastics, contain PVC, this PVC is heated in granulation is handled, become the state that enbrittles, become powder and molecule after the fragmentation, and a part has certain thickness PVC not to be crushed to become powder and molecule and left behind, this PVC is when screening, become sieve and go up handled thing, be blended in the low granular substance of chlorinity.Owing in embodiment 4, carried out removing the processing that bottle waits certain thickness PVC, just the waste plastics to film shapes such as bag and packaging film classes carries out the granulation processing, PVC nearly all becomes powder and molecule, becomes down handled thing and separated of sieve during screening.

Embodiment 2

The feature of embodiment 2 is as follows.

(1) separation method of mixed waste plastic, be from the mixed waste plastic that contains plastic containing chlorine, to separate to reclaim the not separation method of the mixed waste plastic of plastic containing chlorine, it is characterized in that, after above-mentioned mixed waste plastic being heated to the temperature of regulation, make the plastic containing chlorine embrittlement and refinement, the plastic containing chlorine of this refinement is separated with plastic containing chlorine not.

(2) separation method of mixed waste plastic, be from the mixed waste plastic that contains plastic containing chlorine, to separate to reclaim the not separation method of the mixed waste plastic of plastic containing chlorine, it is characterized in that: carry out from the mixed waste plastic that contains plastic containing chlorine, separating and reclaim the not first processing of plastic containing chlorine, to stirring with this first processing residue that produces of handling, after carrying out heat treated simultaneously, the mixed waste plastic of heating after the stir process sieved processing, utilizing time isolated sieve of screening processing top to reclaim as plastic containing chlorine not.

(3) as the separation method of (2) described mixed waste plastic, it is characterized in that: from the mixed waste plastic that contains plastic containing chlorine, separate reclaim the not first processing of plastic containing chlorine be to use difference in specific gravity separating method, electrostatic separation method, with the processing of any method in the near infrared discriminance.

(4) as the separation method of (2) or (3) described mixed waste plastic, it is characterized in that: separating from the mixed waste plastic that contains plastic containing chlorine and reclaim the not first processing of plastic containing chlorine, is the processing of adopting the Wet-type centrifugal partition method in the difference in specific gravity separating method.

(5) as the separation method of each described mixed waste plastic in (1) to (4), it is characterized in that: plastic containing chlorine is polyvinyl chloride and/or Vingon.

(6) separator of mixed waste plastic, be from the mixed waste plastic that contains plastic containing chlorine, to separate to reclaim the not separator of the mixed waste plastic of plastic containing chlorine, it is characterized in that: the mixed waste plastic with handle fragmentation is separated into the difference in specific gravity sorting unit of high specific gravity part and low-gravity part, constitutes the heating and stirring device that can stir and heat, and screening plant.

If adopt embodiment 2, can from mixed waste plastic, separate not plastic containing chlorine and plastic containing chlorine easily, accurately.Therefore can reduce significantly and be blended into as having removed from mixed waste plastic the processing slag of the residue of plastic containing chlorine not and the amount of the not plastic containing chlorine that goes out of use.Can carry out the not processing of plastic containing chlorine of large batch of recovery effectively in addition, can increase substantially simultaneously its rate of recovery, can reduce the amount of the not plastic containing chlorine that must dispose as 2 discarded objects significantly.

Embodiment 2 is separation methods of a kind of mixed waste plastic, it is characterized in that: from the mixed waste plastic that contains plastic containing chlorine, separating when reclaiming not plastic containing chlorine, after mixed waste plastic being heated to the temperature of regulation, make the plastic containing chlorine embrittlement and refinement, utilize by the plastic containing chlorine of refinement with the difference of the shape of plastic containing chlorine and the difference of granularity are not separated.Embodiment 2, to as the residue that produces in the separation circuit that from the mixed plastic that contains general plastic containing chlorine, separates plastic containing chlorine not, contain high concentration plastic containing chlorine mixed waste plastic and carry out effective especially, the mixed waste plastic that just preferably contains plastic containing chlorine utilizes the sorting unit of difference in specific gravity separating method, electrostatic separation method, near infrared ray etc. to handle for the first time, the residue of first processing is handled as 2 times carried out embodiment 2.Handle preferred its main portions that constitutes of utilizing the processing that adds thermal agitation and sieving processing for 2 times.Below the fact that constitutes such embodiment 2 is elaborated.

For example also carry out under the situation of first processing of mixed waste plastic with the difference in specific gravity separating method, be separated into high specific gravity part and low-gravity part, low-gravity part is reclaimed as plastic containing chlorine not, and then carry out 2 processing of ease of Use, from high specific gravity part, more effectively reclaim the not plastic containing chlorine of recovery section as residue.Just in 2 recovery carrying out the not recovery of recovery section, above-mentioned high specific gravity is partly heated stir process, the handled thing that this is added thermal agitation sieves processing, be divided into the above handled thing of given size and less than the handled thing of given size, the handled thing more than the given size is reclaimed as plastic containing chlorine not.2 stages by the recovery of plastic containing chlorine not being handled for the first time and time being handled like this, when in first the processing, adopting the lower method of the rate of recovery of plastic containing chlorine not, also can obtain the high rate of recovery as first processing and the integral body handled for 2 times.

Like this, in embodiment 2, can with easy device again from the processing residue that also can be called 2 discarded objects of discharging, reclaim not plastic containing chlorine by difference in specific gravity separating method, electrostatic separation method, with the processing of near infrared discriminance etc.Adopting 2 times of this easy device recyclings (heating stir process and screening are handled) is that understanding with following test serves as that the basis is formed.

This test is performed as follows.The waste plastics of the film shape of sneaking into PVC is broken into size about 20mm, it is packed into carry out high-speed stirred behind the groove that is provided with mixer.Plastics in the groove rise because of the frictional heat temperature that stirring causes.The limit is cooled off the limit every now and then and is continued stirring, and this temperature is maintained at about about 150 ℃.This handled thing screening that adds thermal agitation, be divided into 5 granularity parts then, measure the chlorinity of each granularity part, obtain the result shown in the table 5.The granular size of record is represented the mesh size that sieves in the table 5.

Table 5

Particle size (mm)	Chlorinity (quality %)	Weight ratio (quality %)
Particle size (mm)	Chlorinity (quality %)	Weight ratio (quality %)	+5.6	0.7	9.0
5.6～2.8	0.7	39.8	+5.6	0.7	9.0
5.6～2.8	0.7	39.8	2.8～2.0	1.0	23.7
2.0～1.4	10.3	18.4	2.8～2.0	1.0	23.7
2.0～1.4	10.3	18.4	-1.4	15.2	9.1

More little according to table 5 particle size, the handled thing chlorinity that adds thermal agitation is high more, and particularly the molecule chlorinity is obvious high value.This represents granule part, and the ratio that PVC sneaks into is high more, and the reason that produces this phenomenon is thought that PVC has in adding thermal agitation and pulverized, and becomes the character of powder and molecule.Just owing to contain the plasticizer of the DOP etc. of a large amount of volatilizations easily in PVC, after the waste plastics heating of sneaking into PVC, a part of plasticizer volatilizees among the PVC, and this PVC sheet becomes the state that enbrittles.And during the PVC sheet that becomes fragile is stirred, become powder and molecule owing to pulverize, so particle size is more little, the content of PVC is many more, so chlorinity uprises.

As mentioned above, because the PVC in the heating stir process thing gathers partially in the little side of particle size, after waste plastics heating stir process, only sieve processing and also can easily remove PVC.This moment, so can use separating of indissociable PVC of difference in specific gravity sorting unit and PET, PET conduct not plastic containing chlorine was recovered because PET is not pulverized.

Therefore in embodiment 2, utilization is suitable as the difference in specific gravity sorting process and the electrostatic separation of mass disposal method and handles, can carry out the not first recovery of plastic containing chlorine (the first removal of plastic containing chlorine) effectively, from then on handle then and carry out 2 recovery in the residue.And 2 recyclings of this moment are very simply installed owing to having utilized heating stir process and screening to handle such carrying out, so can effectively handle as whole process.Adopt this 2 stage process, can carry out from waste plastics, reclaiming the not mass disposal of plastic containing chlorine effectively, can reduce simultaneously the amount of the not plastic containing chlorine that must dispose as 2 discarded objects significantly.

As mentioned above, it is very effective carrying out the not recovery of plastic containing chlorine in 2 stages of first processing and 2 processing, even certainly the present invention only is equivalent to the above-mentioned processing of handling for 2 times, also can from mixed plastic, separate the removal plastic containing chlorine, separate and reclaim not plastic containing chlorine.That is, the mixed waste plastic that contains plastic containing chlorine is heated to the temperature of regulation, makes the plastic containing chlorine embrittlement and refinement, separate this by the plastic containing chlorine of refinement and plastic containing chlorine not.Make the plastic containing chlorine embrittlement by being heated to set point of temperature, embrittlement does not take place in plastic containing chlorine on the other hand.Make embrittlement the plastic containing chlorine refinement, the preferred mixer with moving blade etc. of utilizing carries out stir process.Also the pulverizing process that utilizes disintegrating machine, pulverizer etc. can be set.If to heating stir process in the mixed waste plastic that contains plastic containing chlorine, refinement can be carried out in an operation owing to make its embrittlement behind the heating plastic containing chlorine, so the efficient height.Because heating is different, have not that low-melting (for example PE class) fusion becomes granular situation in the plastic containing chlorine, original shape situations such as (puffy etc.) before fusing point high (for example PP, PET class) keeps heating is arranged, but because in any case, even not plastic containing chlorine heating, even according to circumstances differently carry out also not refinement of stir process again, thereby can utilize that particle diameter is different to separate fine handled thing and non-fine handled thing, separate plastic containing chlorine and plastic containing chlorine not thus.Fine handled thing and non-fine handled thing can be easy to separate with sieve etc.

The set point of temperature of heating mixed waste plastic is the temperature that makes the plastic containing chlorine embrittlement, it must be the temperature that more than the temperature that makes the plastic containing chlorine embrittlement, less than plastic containing chlorine, begins fusion, at plastic containing chlorine mainly is under the situation of polyvinyl chloride and/or Vingon, is preferably set to 140～165 ℃.If be contained in the mixed waste plastic major part not plastic containing chlorine more than the temperature of melting degree, do not arrive the melt temperature heating of plastic containing chlorine, because major part not plastic containing chlorine becomes granular substance, so occur plastic containing chlorine after the refinement sometimes attached on the granular substance, or situation about being wrapped, this is undesirable.Heating and remaining under the situation that is contained in the temperature of partly plastic melting degree in the mixed waste plastic, wherein a part becomes granular substance, but its growing amount is not a large amount of words, the amount of sneaking into the plastic containing chlorine in the plastic containing chlorine not is limited to the degree of permission, therefore consider treatment effeciency, wish more than the softening temperature of PE, the degree to the softening temperature of PP, PET does not heat.

Fig. 8 is the key diagram of the embodiment 2-1 of mixed waste plastic method for separating and processing.In Fig. 8,60 expressions contain the mixed waste plastic of the plastic containing chlorine of collection, A represents that B represents that C represents treating apparatus No. 2 times with the processing residue of first treating apparatus A generation with difference in specific gravity separating method, electrostatic separation method, with the first treating apparatus of any method in the near infrared discriminance.

In processing, be divided into the plastics 106 of handling residue B and mainly comprising PVC plastics in addition with first treating apparatus A.The recovery article one of the plastics 106 beyond the PVC and processing by No. 2 treating apparatus C is used to act as a fuel etc. and utilizes.

On the other hand, handle residue B owing to also contain plastics (not plastic containing chlorine) beyond a large amount of PVC, be broken into the size of 10～50mm about square according to its state after, deliver to treating apparatus No. 2 times, carry out heat treated while stirring.

The heating and stirring device that in heating agitating procedure 11a, uses Figure 12 to represent.This heating and stirring device has the heating tank diameter, and the heating tank diameter has can change the mixer of merit at a high speed, and the mixed waste plastic high-speed stirred this heating tank diameter of packing into produces frictional heat, utilizes this frictional heat can make it be warmed up to set point of temperature.

In this heating agitating procedure 11a, the mixed waste plastic high-speed stirred of packing into, make it be warmed up to the set point of temperature scope, continue to stir official hour in set point of temperature.Add in the thermal agitation at this, the plasticizer among the PVC produces volatilization, and PVC becomes fragile, and the PVC sheet becomes powder and molecule after pulverizing.

Heating stir process thing to discharging from heating agitating procedure 11a then in screening operation 12, is that the sieve of given size sieves with mesh.Utilize this screening operation to be divided into the lower part of screen of containing PVC powder and molecule in a large number and divide 105 and only contain the sieve top 104 of the not plastic containing chlorine formation of a small amount of PVC.Sieve top 104 is reused as blast furnace reducing agent and fuel etc.

In above-mentioned heating agitating procedure 11a, the too high words of temperature of heating and insulation, the not plastic containing chlorine fusion of low-melting PE, PP, PS etc., generate granular substance and block, because the PVC after stir pulverizing by heating adheres to or is coated on this granular substance and block, so the separation of PVC is insufficient.Be maintained at some plastics under the situation of temperature of melting degree, wherein a part becomes granular substance, if its growing amount is not many, the amount of sneaking into the plastic containing chlorine in the plastic containing chlorine not is limited to the degree of permission.Therefore the temperature of heating and insulation can be set at the plastics of packing into and begins the temperature of fusion or be lower than the temperature that a part of plastics begin fusion, and at their near zone.The temperature of heating and insulation is set because of being contained in the different of plastics kind in the mixed waste plastic etc., generally is decided to be 140 ℃～165 ℃ scopes.

As mentioned above, continue to stir plastics, because the temperature of plastics rises to the temperature province that surpasses above-mentioned heating and insulation, after rising to set point of temperature, limit a spot of water of jetting carries out cooling down operation sometimes, and the limit is proceeded to stir.

Heat time heating time in heating agitating procedure 11a is owing to be to pulverize the PVC sheet to powdering thing and needed time of molecule, so because of the size that is contained in the PVC in the mixed waste plastic and holding temperature of thickness, heating etc. different, its shape is under the situation of film shape, is generally about 10 minutes～20 minutes.

Fig. 9 is the key diagram of the embodiment 2-2 of mixed waste plastic method for separating and processing.This figure is the situation of first treating apparatus with the difference in specific gravity separating method.In Fig. 9,, omit its explanation because the operation in the treatment process (heating agitating procedure-screening operation) of No. 2 treating apparatus is identical with the situation of Fig. 8.

The mixed waste plastic that is fractured into the size of 10～50mm about square in this embodiment is sent to the difference in specific gravity sorting operation 120 of one of first processing means.In difference in specific gravity sorting operation 120, use Wet-type centrifugal separator shown in Figure 4 described later, utilize difference in specific gravity to carry out sorting process, be divided into proportion than the processing of the low low-gravity part 103 of PVC and proportion than its big high specific gravity part 102.In the plastics that are divided into two parts, low-gravity part 103 is not plastic containing chlorines of PE, PP, PS etc., owing to only contain the PVC of minute quantity, so can be used in the purposes of fuel etc. again.

On the other hand in as the high specific gravity part 102 that from mixed waste plastic, reclaims the residue that plastic containing chlorine not obtains, owing to also contain the plastics (not plastic containing chlorine) beyond a large amount of PVC, thereby it is delivered to carry out the heating agitating procedure 11a that handles for 2 times, the processing of heating while stirring, the sieve with the mesh of given size sieves in screening operation 12 then.Utilize this screening to handle to be divided into the lower part of screen that contains a large amount of PVC powders and molecule to divide 105 and only contain the sieve top 104 of the not plastic containing chlorine of minute quantity PVC.Sieve top 104 is reused as blast furnace reducing agent and fuel etc.

Figure 10 is the key diagram of the embodiment 2-3 of mixed waste plastic method for separating and processing.This figure represents to handle the situation of waste plastics of the plastic containing chlorine of the solid kind that contains bottle etc.Operation in Figure 10 in 4 operations of broken process-difference in specific gravity sorting operation-heating agitating procedure-screening operation is identical with the situation of Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, so omit its explanation.

Plastic containing chlorine in the mixed waste plastic is the words of solid kind, when in the heating agitating procedure, adding thermal agitation, plastic containing chlorine is crushed to the time that becomes powder and molecule and will grows, because the treatment effeciency in the heating agitating procedure reduces, so carry out the shape sorting at first, be divided into the plastics of solid kind and the plastics of film class, be separated into plastic containing chlorine and the not processing of plastic containing chlorine respectively.

In this embodiment, the mixed waste plastic 60 that contains plastic containing chlorine adopts the shape sorting unit of wind power sorting device and rock type sorting unit etc. in shape sorting operation 100, is divided into the solid kind plastics 106 of bottle etc. and the plastics 101 of film class.Film class plastics 101 are handled by processing sequence shown in Figure 9, are separated into plastic containing chlorine and plastic containing chlorine not, and plastic containing chlorine is not reclaimed.

Solid kind plastics 106 in PVC separation circuit 150, use the absorbance of utilizing the specific wavelength when shining near infrared ray to discern the optical fractionation device of its material, and the processing of only removing PVC is separated into PVC108 and other plastics 107.Other plastics 107 are recycling.And utilize PVC108 that above-mentioned optical fractionation device separates according to the state that is divided into, and be sent to broken process 10, reclaim the not processing of plastic containing chlorine again with the plastics of film class.

In Fig. 9 and embodiment shown in Figure 10, the first processing of reclaiming plastic containing chlorine not from mixed waste plastic is adopted the difference in specific gravity sorting and the situation of carrying out is illustrated, this first recycling is not limited to the difference in specific gravity sorting, also can be with the electrostatic separation method or with modes such as near infrared separating methods.

In the difference in specific gravity sorting operation of Fig. 9 and Figure 10, use the Wet-type centrifugal separator, do not carry out with the Wet-type centrifugal separator yet in embodiment 2, do not limit the difference in specific gravity sorting process.In the difference in specific gravity sorting unit in embodiment 2, can use separator with the damp process of liquid cyclone, wet type longitudinal type separator (low-gravity partly being floated, the separator of hyperbaric partly precipitated) etc.These separators are compared with the Wet-type centrifugal separator, and separation accuracy is poor, but all identical with the Wet-type centrifugal separator, have and can carry out mass disposal, and the while structure is characteristic of simple very.If therefore in difference in specific gravity sorting operation, use above-mentioned separator, compare with the situation of Wet-type centrifugal separator, the not plastic containing chlorine that remains in high specific gravity one side becomes many, but in embodiment 2, owing to can utilize this residual not plastic containing chlorine is carried out simple process, reclaim and carry out 2 times,, can reclaim not plastic containing chlorine effectively so can bring into play the characteristic of above-mentioned difference in specific gravity sorting unit.

Below the device that uses in the embodiment 2 is described.Figure 11 is the diagram that is illustrated in an example of the Wet-type centrifugal separator structure of using in the difference in specific gravity sorting operation.This Wet-type centrifugal separator 220, form the part that undergauge becomes circular cone shape in both sides, by making water or adjusting rotation main body 221 that the liquid medium of proportion rotates while being detained, constitute major part with the turning cylinder of the speed rotation of some difference of roll-shell rotating speed therewith and by

screw conveyer

222a, 222b that the screw that is arranged on this constitutes.The plastics of 102 expression high specific gravity parts among the figure, the plastics of 103 expression low-gravity parts.

Utilize this device separating plastic to be performed as follows.Liquid medium as much as possible is detained and it is rotated rotating on the main body 221, pack into and be dispersed in the broken thing of the waste plastics the liquid medium from the waste plastics pipe 223 of packing at its upper space.In rotating main body 221, to pack at the pipe 223 of packing into from waste plastics and to rotate the plastic sheet in main body 221 centres, the come-up that proportion is littler than liquid medium is than the heavy sinking of liquid medium.The action of centrifugal force that the proportion this moment plastics bigger than liquid medium produce owing to the rotation with rotation main body 221, quilt is promoted to sink.Heavy plastic sheet (high specific gravity part) concentrates near the inwall that rotates main body 221, and the plastic sheet that proportion is little (low-gravity part) concentrates near the liquid level (rotating center one side of main body 221) of liquid medium.High specific gravity part 102 is washed in a pan out by the big screw 222a of diameter, discharges from high specific gravity section port 224, is used as the PVC section processes.Low-gravity part 103 is washed in a pan out by the little screw 222b of diameter in addition, discharges from low-gravity section port 225, and being used as not, plastic containing chlorine reclaims.

Figure 12 is illustrated in heating and stirring device that heating uses in the agitating procedure and the diagram of an example of the screening plant that uses in the screening operation.

20 are the mixed waste plastic of packing into, and the heating tank diameter of Jia Re heating and stirring device by making mixer 23 rotation at a high speed that is arranged on its bottom, produces frictional heat while stirring.The mixed waste plastic that 60 expressions are packed into.

Sidepiece (measuring the height and position of agitator) at heating tank diameter 20 is provided with the temperature-detecting device 74 that detects the waste plastics temperature in stirring, and water injector 71 is set on top.Water injector 71 is to be used to suppress the cooling that raises because of the heated waste plastics excessive temperature of frictional heat, and the cooling of heating stir process after finishing be provided with, and starts and stops according to the index signal of coming water spraying control device 75.When the setting value of input heat tracing temperature in water spray control device 75, the detected value of temperature-detecting device 74 reached above-mentioned setting value, control valve 73 was only opened the very short time, sprays a spot of water, and the waste plastics temperature in the groove remains near the setting value.When having passed through the predetermined heating mixing time in addition, carry out the abundant water spray cooling of stipulated time.The 72 cooling water supply pipes that are arranged on the spray nozzle of groove inner end among the figure.

Screening plant 80 is as mentioned above the sieve of the handled thing that adds thermal agitation with regulation mesh size to be sieved, and removes PVC and is pulverized the powder of generation and the device of molecule.Utilize the above sieve top 104 of the specified diameter of screening plant 80 screening to be recovered as plastic containing chlorine not.Divide 105 processed in addition as PVC less than the lower part of screen of specified diameter.

As mentioned above, sieve by sieve with the regulation mesh, be divided into not plastic containing chlorine and PVC, but because as mentioned above, the waste plastics particle of heating after the stir process is more little, and the content that contains cl part (PVC) is many more, determines the mesh size of the sieve of the particle diameter lower limit that reclaims as recycling plastics, consider the proterties of waste plastics to be processed and the operating condition of melt pelletization device etc., determine according to the actual effect in past.General use mesh is the sieve between 1～3mm in the screening operation.

The heating and stirring device that Figure 12 represents is to have to make PVC that fragility be arranged after the waste plastics heating, and the device of the purpose that this PVC is pulverized.Therefore heating and stirring device is not defined as at the device that mixer is set in the groove of perpendicular type shown in Figure 12.For example also can be constitute the rotation can add thermal agitation simplified in, the device of this sample loading mode of ball mill of the crushing medium with selected shape and proportion of packing into is so long as main composition is just passable for the device of pulverizing the PVC that enbrittles.

Heating and stirring device is not limited to the device of a mode that the frictional heat that utilization is stirred heats shown in Figure 12 in addition.Especially in the device that can not carry out the high-speed stirred operation, for example also can use device, with the device of the mode of blowing hot-air heating etc. with indirect modes such as steam.

Above, the mixed waste plastic that high concentration ground is contained plastic containing chlorine has illustrated the enforcement embodiments of the present invention, the residue of plastic containing chlorine wherein in from the mixed plastic that contains plastic containing chlorine, separating the separation circuit of plastic containing chlorine not, producing, and the present invention is applicable to general mixed waste plastic too.For example also can be easily and accurately from being to separate the mixed waste plastic of main component to remove PVC etc. with PVC and PET.

Below embodiments of the invention are described.

Embodiment

Adopt the processing in fragmentation shown in Figure 9-difference in specific gravity sorting-Jia thermal agitation-4 stages of screening, carry out from waste plastics, separating the processing of plastic containing chlorine.The waste plastics of handling is the waste plastics that is used for container and packing etc. that commune collects, and its chlorinity is about 1.5%.Wherein contained in addition not plastic containing chlorine mainly is PE.

The processing that separates plastic containing chlorine is performed as follows.After with shredder the packing part of container package plastics being taken apart, carry out fragmentation, make the broken thing of Tong Guo the mesh screen about 10～50mm with disintegrating machine.

Pack into Wet-type centrifugal separator with Figure 11 same structure of this broken thing, be separated into high specific gravity part and low-gravity difference in specific gravity sorting process partly.Make water as the liquid medium that the broken thing of plastics is disperseed.Handling the low-gravity part that reclaims as plastic containing chlorine not by this is 72 quality % with respect to the ratio of the broken thing of packing into, and its chlorinity is 0.65 quality %.The ratio of high specific gravity part is 28 quality % in addition, and its chlorinity is 3.8 quality %.

The above-mentioned high specific gravity heating and stirring device of partly packing into, mixer is rotated at a high speed then, plastics are heated up.The temperature of setting heat tracing then is 155 ℃, uses water spray the temperature controlled of control device to stir simultaneously 20 minutes.Through behind the official hour, the water spray cooling is taken out then.Observe the state of heating stir process thing, a part has become granular substance.

Is the heating stir process thing mesh of discharging from heating and stirring device that the sieve of 2.3mm sieves, and is divided into the handled thing (lower part of screen branch) less than the regulation particle diameter and stipulates handled thing (sieve top) more than the particle diameter.Utilizing this to handle the sieve top of reclaiming as plastic containing chlorine not is 50 quality % with respect to the ratio of the high specific gravity part of the heating and stirring device of packing into, and its chlorinity is 0.7 quality %.The ratio of lower part of screen branch is 50 quality % in addition, and its chlorinity is 6.9 quality %.

According to the above-mentioned result who carries out 2 stage separating treatment, as plastic containing chlorine not and the rate of recovery of the parts of plastics that reclaims is about 86%.This rate of recovery value is compared with the existing rate of recovery with the Wet-type centrifugal separator, is very high value.

Claims

1. the separation method of mixed waste plastic has following operation:

Contain plastic containing chlorine and not the mixed waste plastic of plastic containing chlorine stir, produce frictional heat, utilize this frictional heat that described mixed waste plastic is heated up, make plastic containing chlorine remain on the state of not fusion, make simultaneously not plastic containing chlorine fusion make particle the granulation treatment process and

The handled thing of discharging from the granulation treatment process is divided into handled thing and the handled thing more than the regulation particle diameter less than the regulation particle diameter, is separated into the plastic containing chlorine and the screening operation of plastic containing chlorine not.

2. the separation method of mixed waste plastic as claimed in claim 1, described screening operation comprises uses the sieve of mesh as 1-3mm, is separated into plastic containing chlorine and plastic containing chlorine not.

3. the separation method of mixed waste plastic as claimed in claim 1 also has the shape separating treatment operation that the handled thing more than the regulation particle diameter is separated into granular substance and non-particulate shape thing after the screening operation.

4. the separation method of mixed waste plastic as claimed in claim 1, plastic containing chlorine is at least a plastics that are selected from polyvinyl chloride and Vingon.

5. the separation method of mixed waste plastic as claimed in claim 1, in described granulation treatment process, have in intensification and be in never plastic containing chlorine fusion and begin the operation that temperature is cooled off to the mixed plastic in the temperature range that is lower than the plastic containing chlorine melt temperature.

6. the separation method of mixed waste plastic as claimed in claim 1, before described granulation treatment process, have containing plastic containing chlorine and the operation handled for the first time of the mixed waste plastic of plastic containing chlorine not, the processing residue of handling generation is for the first time delivered to the granulation treatment process.

7. the separation method of mixed waste plastic as claimed in claim 6, described first treatment process are the processing of using a kind of method of selecting from comprise difference in specific gravity separating method, electrostatic separation method, group with near infrared discriminance.

8. the separation method of mixed waste plastic as claimed in claim 6, described first processing is the processing that utilizes the Wet-type centrifugal partition method.

9. the separator of mixed waste plastic has:

Contain plastic containing chlorine and not the mixed waste plastic of plastic containing chlorine stir, produce frictional heat, utilize this frictional heat that described mixed waste plastic is heated up, make the softening and fusion of mixed plastic make particle the melt pelletization device and

The handled thing that this melt pelletization device is discharged sieves, and is separated into less than the handled thing of regulation particle diameter and the screening plant of the handled thing more than the regulation particle diameter.

10. the separator of mixed waste plastic as claimed in claim 9 also has the shape separator that the handled thing more than the regulation particle diameter of discharging from screening plant is separated into granular substance and non-particulate shape thing.

11. the separator of mixed waste plastic as claimed in claim 9, also have mixed waste plastic is separated into the difference in specific gravity sorting unit of high specific gravity part and low-gravity part and described high specific gravity partly to the device of melt pelletization device conveying.