CN109530231B - Solid waste separation treatment device and solid waste comprehensive treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a solid waste separation treatment device and a solid waste comprehensive treatment method, which comprise a feeding device, a crushing device, a screening device, a wind power device, a material receiving device, a rack and a material returning and conveying device, wherein the screening device is obliquely arranged on the rack up and down, the screening device screens materials relative to the rack in a vibrating manner, the material receiving device receives screened heavy materials, the material returning and conveying device is arranged below the material receiving device, and the material returning and conveying device conveys the materials of the material receiving device into the feeding device; the wind power device is arranged on one side of the lower end of the screening device, the wind power device blows air to the material screening surface of the screening device, the light materials are moved to one side of the high end of the screening device through the blowing air of the wind power device, solid particles can be effectively and fully crushed, and the light materials and the heavy materials are separated at the same time.

Description

A solid waste separation treatment device and a solid waste comprehensive treatment method

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of solid waste, and particularly relates to a solid waste separation and treatment device and a solid waste comprehensive treatment method.

Background technique

The annual amount of solid waste in my country has accounted for a large proportion of the total urban waste, which has become a difficult problem in waste management. With the proposal of the theme of building a sustainable energy-saving society in my country, solid waste recycling equipment will usher in a peak period of rapid development. For a long time, my country's solid waste recycling has not attracted much attention. Usually, it is transported to the suburbs or rural areas without any treatment, and is disposed of in the open air or landfill. With the vigorous development of urban construction in my country, the amount of solid waste is also increasing day by day. As a mixture of various building material wastes, solid waste is directly landfilled without treatment, which not only destroys the natural environment on which human beings depend, but also is a huge waste of resources. Only positive measures can be taken to ensure the sustainable development of the construction industry.

Solid waste treatment has become one of the important links in urban management. During the construction, maintenance and demolition of buildings, various solid wastes will inevitably be generated. According to the material structure of solid waste, using it as a recycled material is an effective means of solid waste recycling. Lightweight waste mainly includes plastic products, water pipe fittings and packaging materials. However, in the existing solid waste treatment system, the sieving separation is mainly aimed at relatively pure solid waste, and there is also considerable manual sorting. In the screening of solid waste, such as clods, wood blocks, etc. However, due to their small size and light weight, decoration materials such as plastic products and packaging bags are generally easy to be pressed into the soil and stones, which are difficult to sort, and the broken stones and bumps are used as raw materials for reuse. Its sufficient crushing is also very important. In order to deal with solid waste economically, efficiently and environmentally, the research and development of solid waste screening equipment should be accelerated. Currently, there is no good solution.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a solid waste separation and treatment device and a solid waste comprehensive treatment method, which can effectively crush solid particles and simultaneously separate light materials and heavy materials. quality material.

Technical scheme: in order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A solid waste separation and treatment device, including a feeding device, a crushing device, a screening device, a wind device, a material receiving device, a frame and a return material transport device, the screening device is inclined up and down on the machine. On the rack, and the screening device vibrates and screens the material relative to the rack, the feeding device is arranged above the screening device, a crushing device is arranged in the feeding device, and the low end of the screening device A material receiving device is arranged on one side, and the material receiving device receives the heavy materials after screening, and a return material conveying device is arranged below the material receiving device, and the returning material conveying device transfers the material of the material receiving device to the feeder. The air force device is arranged on the low end side of the screening device, and the air force device blows air to the material screening surface of the screening device, and the light material is blown to the high end of the screening device through the air force device. side displacement.

Further, the screening device includes a support frame and at least one set of screening mechanisms, the support frame is a trough-shaped plate structure with a U-shaped cross-section, and both ends of the support frame in the length direction are provided with openings, and the support frame is provided with openings. The screening mechanism is supported and arranged in the U-shaped groove of the support frame along the length direction of the support frame, and the screening mechanism is arranged at a distance from the inner bottom wall of the support frame;

The outer bottom wall of the support frame is provided with at least one set of connecting pieces, the support frame is connected with the frame through the connecting pieces, and at least one set of vibration exciters is arranged between the support frame and the frame, the The support frame is vibrated above the frame through the vibration exciter.

Further, the screening mechanism includes a first screening mechanism and a second screening mechanism arranged along the inclined direction, the first screening mechanism is arranged at a distance above the second screening mechanism, and the second screening mechanism The distance between the mechanism and the inner bottom wall of the support frame is set, and the length of the second screening mechanism is greater than the length of the first screening mechanism, and the high end of the second screening mechanism is adjacent to the high end of the first screening mechanism. , and the other end of the second screening mechanism extends to the lower end along the inclined direction to the material receiving device; the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism screen solid materials in multiple stages.

Further, the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism are both belt conveyors, and the rotation direction of the upper surfaces of the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism is from the low end to the high end and low speed. The first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism are both provided with screen holes, and the screen holes of the first screening mechanism are larger than the screen holes of the second screening mechanism.

Further, the bottom wall of the support frame is arranged in parallel with the screening mechanism, and the inner cavity of the support frame is divided into the upper large particle material channel and the lower small particle material channel by the screening mechanism; the support frame A material separator is arranged at the low-end discharge port of the sieve, the material separator is arranged adjacent to the low end of the screening mechanism, and the material separator is spaced apart from the particle discharge port of the small particle material channel, and the material separator separates The material particles flowing out of the large particle material channel and the small particle material channel.

Further, the material receiving device is a box structure with both upper and lower ends open, a partition plate is arranged in the inner cavity of the material receiving device, and the inner cavity of the material receiving device is divided into the first part by the partition plate. A receiving chamber and a second receiving chamber, the second receiving chamber is arranged adjacent to the support frame, and the partition plate is in contact with the material partition plate, and the first receiving chamber is connected to the large particles The material outlet of the material channel is correspondingly arranged, and the second material receiving chamber is arranged correspondingly to the material outlet of the small particle material channel.

Further, a final material conveying device is provided below the discharge port of the small particle material channel, and a return material conveying device is provided below the discharge port of the large particle material channel, and the return material conveying device transfers the large particle material channel. The outflowing large particle material is sent to the feeding port of the feeding device.

Further, it also includes an iron-removing assembly, which is rotatably arranged on the discharge end of the lower end side of the support frame; the iron-removing assembly includes a rotating shaft, a connecting plate and a magnetic attraction, and the two ends of the rotating shaft are It is erected and rotated on a fixed frame, the two connecting discs are arranged on the rotating shaft at an interval along the axis direction, and a plurality of the magnetic attraction pieces are arranged in a circumferential array around the rotating shaft between the two connecting discs.

Further, it also includes a collection box and a negative pressure device, the collection box is a box structure with a light material outlet at the bottom, the collection box is arranged on the rack, and the collection box is Set at the discharge end of the high-end side of the screening device, the collection box is provided with a light material feed port corresponding to the screening device, and the collection box is on the opposite side wall of the light material feed port. A number of dust outlet holes are opened, and the dust outlet holes are correspondingly provided with negative pressure devices.

A comprehensive treatment method for solid waste, comprising the following steps:

S1: adding the solid waste into the feeding device, preliminarily crushing the solid particles by the crushing device, and the crushed solid particles fall on the screening device;

S2: Screening and separation of heavy materials and light materials of solid granular materials after preliminary crushing:

①. The vibration exciter drives the support frame and the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism inside the support frame to vibrate at high frequency, and at the same time the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism rotate slowly; The feeding device is added, and the solid material falls into the middle position or the upper position on the first screening mechanism. Under the vibration state, the heavy material with a particle size larger than the sieve hole of the first screening mechanism rolls down. To the lower half of the second screening mechanism, the particle size smaller than the sieve hole of the first screening mechanism falls to the upper half of the second screening mechanism;

②. In the state of vibration, due to the different weights of heavy materials and light materials, the downward movement speed of heavy materials is greater than that of light materials, and the heavy materials on the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism are different from light materials. The heavy materials are gradually separated, and the light materials are all displaced to the high end under the blowing action of the wind device, and fall into the dust box; through the slow rotation of the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism, the solid particles can be extended in the dust removal box. The retention time on the screening device, and when the heavy material rolls down, the light material covered by the heavy material is fully exposed, and the light material is screened under the action of the wind force and the rotation of the screening mechanism. The high-end side of the device is displaced to achieve screening;

S3: The crushed solid particles are screened step by step through the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism, and the smallest solid particles that are screened fall into the second screening mechanism and the inner wall of the support frame. The small particle material channel between the two, the large particle material particles screened by the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism are mixed in the large particle material channel;

S4: A dividing plate is set in the inner cavity of the feeding device, and the inner cavity of the feeding device is divided into a first feeding chamber and a second feeding chamber by the dividing plate, and the dividing plate Abutting against the material partition, the material partition separates the large and small particle material channels, the first receiving chamber is arranged corresponding to the discharge port of the large particle material channel, and the second receiving chamber is connected to the small particle material. The discharge port of the channel is set correspondingly; the large particle material in the large particle material channel falls into the return material conveying device through the first receiving chamber, and the small particle material in the small particle material channel falls through the second receiving chamber. on the final material transporter;

S5: In the process of transferring large particle materials from the large particle material channel to the first receiving chamber, after passing through the rotating iron removal component, a number of magnetic parts are set at circumferential intervals and rotate slowly, and the large particle materials are separated when passing through the magnetic parts. Disperse the downward drop, and the magnetic suction part absorbs the iron metal material;

S6: The large-particle materials falling on the return conveying device are returned to the feeding device through the return conveying device, and are crushed and decomposed again by the crushing device, and the cycle is repeated until the material particles basically or all pass through the second screening mechanism. sieve.

Beneficial effects: the present invention performs two-stage screening through the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism in the screening device, and through the high-frequency vibration of the screening device and the wind airflow of the wind device, the solids can be effectively separated. The light materials and heavy materials in the waste are screened and separated, and the large particles in the heavy materials after screening are crushed, decomposed and re-screened by the crushing device again through the return conveying device, which can fully separate the light materials. Heavy materials and heavy materials, and fully crush large particles of heavy materials.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

Accompanying drawing 2 is the front view of the overall structure of the present invention;

3 is a perspective view of a front view of the overall structure of the present invention;

Accompanying drawing 4 is the overall working state schematic diagram of the present invention;

Accompanying drawing 5 is the explosion schematic diagram of the screening device of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the iron removal assembly of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, a solid waste separation and treatment device includes a feeding device 1, a crushing device 4, a screening device 2, a wind device 3, a material receiving device 5, a frame 6 and a return material Transport device 8, the screening device 2 is arranged on the frame 6 inclining up and down, and the screening device 2 vibrates and screens materials relative to the frame 6, and the feeding device 1 is arranged on the screen Above the device 2, the feeding device 1 is a feeding hopper, which vibrates with the screening device to facilitate feeding. The feeding device 1 is provided with a crushing device 4, and the crushing device is a roller-type crushing device. The low end side of the screening device 2 is provided with a material receiving device 5, and the material receiving device 5 receives the heavy materials after screening. The return conveying device 8 transfers the material of the receiving device 5 to the feeding device 1; The air blowing on the split surface, the wind device can be a high-power fan, and the light material is displaced to the high-end side of the screening device 2 through the blowing of the wind device 3 . Screening by the screening device, and through the high-frequency vibration of the screening device and the wind airflow of the wind device, can effectively screen and separate the light and heavy materials in the solid waste, and the screened The large particle material in the heavy material is broken, decomposed and re-screened by the crushing device again through the return conveying device, which can fully separate the light material and the heavy material, and fully crush the large particles of the heavy material.

The screening device 2 includes a support frame 23 and at least one set of screening mechanisms. The support frame 23 is a trough-shaped plate structure with a U-shaped cross-section. The screening mechanism is supported and arranged in the U-shaped groove of the support frame 23 along the length direction of the support frame 23, and the screening mechanism is arranged at a distance from the inner bottom wall of the support frame 23; the frame of the screening device 2 is fixed In the support frame 23 , the movement of the solid particles is guided by the support frame 23 .

The outer bottom wall of the support frame 23 is provided with at least one set of connecting pieces 12, and the connecting pieces 12 are rod structures. In the support frame 23, both ends of the connector are hinged with the support frame and the frame, and the hinge direction is set along the length direction of the screening mechanism, which is the same as the vibration direction of the vibration exciter. The support frame 23 is connected to the frame. At least one group of vibration exciters 13 is arranged between the vibration exciters 13 , and the support frame 23 is vibrated and arranged above the frame 6 by the vibration exciters 13 .

In the vibration state, the heavy materials and the light materials on the first screening mechanism 21 and the second screening mechanism 22 are gradually separated, and the light materials are all displaced to the high end under the blowing action of the wind device 3, and are collected toward the Drop into the box; through the slow rotation of the screening mechanism, the retention time of the solid particles on the screening device can be extended, and the light materials covered by the heavy materials are exposed while the heavy materials are rolling down. , Under the action of the wind force and the rotation of the screening mechanism, the light material is displaced to the high-end side of the screening device to achieve screening.

The screening mechanism includes a first screening mechanism 21 and a second screening mechanism 22 arranged along the inclined direction, the first screening mechanism 21 is arranged above the second screening mechanism 22 at a distance, and the second screening mechanism The separation mechanism 22 is spaced from the inner bottom wall of the support frame 23, and the length of the second screening mechanism 22 is greater than the length of the first screening mechanism 21, and the high end of the second screening mechanism 22 and the first screening mechanism The high end of the mechanism 21 is arranged adjacently, and the other end of the second screening mechanism 22 extends to the lower end along the inclined direction to the feeding device 5; the first screening mechanism 21 and the second screening mechanism 22 are multi-stage Sieve solid material. The first screening mechanism 21 and the second screening mechanism 22 are both belt conveyors, and the rotation direction of the upper surfaces of the first screening mechanism 21 and the second screening mechanism 22 is from the low end to the high end Low-speed operation; the first screening mechanism 21 and the second screening mechanism 22 are both provided with screen holes 20 , and the screen holes of the first screening mechanism 21 are larger than the screen holes of the second screening mechanism 22 .

The solid material is added through the feeding device 1, and the solid material falls into the middle position or the upper position on the first screening mechanism 21. Under the vibration state, the particle size is smaller than the sieve hole of the first screening mechanism 21. The heavy material rolls down to the lower half of the second screening mechanism 22, and the upper half of the second screening mechanism 22 whose particle size is smaller than the sieve hole of the first screening mechanism falls; It can effectively separate large-sized particles and small-sized particles to ensure that the waste materials can be effectively spread out, so that the covered light materials can be exposed as much as possible, so as to be blown by the wind device. Move to the high end side of the screening mechanism.

The bottom wall of the support frame 23 is arranged in parallel with the screening mechanism, and the inner cavity of the support frame 23 is divided into the upper large particle material channel 31 and the lower small particle material channel 32 by the screening mechanism; the support A material separator 15 is arranged at the low end discharge port of the rack 23 , the material separator 15 is arranged adjacent to the low end of the screening mechanism, and the material separator 15 is spaced apart from the particle discharge port 30 of the small particle material channel 32 . , the material separator 15 separates the material particles flowing out from the large particle material channel 31 and the small particle material channel 32 . The crushed solid particles are screened step by step through the first screening mechanism 21 and the second screening mechanism 22, and the smallest solid particles that are screened fall into the second screening mechanism 22 and the support frame 23. In the small particle material channel 32 between the inner walls, the large particle material particles screened by the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism 22 are mixed in the large particle material channel 31 .

The material receiving device 5 is a box structure with both upper and lower ends open. A partition plate 50 is arranged in the inner cavity of the material receiving device 5, and the inner cavity of the material receiving device 5 is divided into two parts by the partition plate 50. The first material receiving chamber 51 and the second material receiving chamber 52 are disposed adjacent to the support frame 23 , and the partition plate 50 is in contact with the material partition plate 53 . A material receiving chamber 51 is provided corresponding to the discharge port of the large particle material channel 31 , and the second material receiving chamber 52 is provided corresponding to the discharge port of the small particle material channel 32 . The partition plate 50 is in contact with the material partition plate 53, and the material partition plate 15 separates the large and small particle material channels. The first material receiving chamber 51 is arranged corresponding to the discharge port of the large particle material channel 31. The second material receiving chamber 52 is arranged corresponding to the discharge port of the small particle material channel 32 ; the final material conveying device 16 is provided below the discharge port of the small particle material channel 32 , and the large particle material channel 31 discharges the material. A return material conveying device 8 is arranged below the port, and the return material conveying device 8 transports the large particle material flowing out of the large particle material channel to the feeding port of the feeding device 1 . The large particle material in the large particle material channel 31 falls into the return conveying device 8 through the first receiving chamber 51 , and the small particle material in the small particle material channel 32 falls into the final material through the second receiving chamber 52 . On the transportation device 16, the return material transportation device 8 and the final material transportation device 16 are both belt conveyors, and the solid particles on the final material transportation device are the size of the particles after the final crushing. Effectively ensure the consistency of the final solid particles with small bands.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 6 , it also includes an iron removal assembly 9, which is rotatably arranged on the discharge end of the lower end side of the support frame 23; the iron removal assembly 9 includes a rotating shaft 91, Connecting the plate 92 and the magnetic attraction piece 93, the two ends of the rotating shaft 91 are erected and rotated on the fixing frame 7, the fixing frame 7 is fixed on the frame 6, the driving motor 90 drives the rotating shaft to rotate, and the two connecting plates 92 rotate along the The distance in the axial direction is disposed on the rotating shaft 91 , and a plurality of the magnetic attraction members 93 are arranged in a circular array around the rotating shaft 91 between the two connecting disks 92 . In the process of transferring the large particle material from the large particle material channel 31 to the first receiving chamber 51, after the rotating iron removal component 9, a number of magnetic attraction parts 93 are arranged at a circumferential distance and rotate slowly, and the large particle material passes through the magnetic attraction part 93. When it is separated and scattered, it falls downward, and the magnetic suction part absorbs ferrous metal materials.

It also includes a collection box 10 and a negative pressure device 11. The collection box 10 is a box structure with a light material discharge port 26 at the bottom. The collection box 10 is arranged on the frame 6, and the The collection box 10 is arranged at the discharge end of the high-end side of the screening device. The collection box 10 is provided with a light material feeding port 19 corresponding to the screening device 2. The opposite side walls of the material port 19 are provided with a plurality of micro-porous dust outlet holes 27 , and the dust outlet holes 27 are correspondingly provided with a negative pressure device 11 . When the light material falls from the high-end side of the screening device to the collection box, it is accompanied by a large amount of dust. The dust is collected on the high-end side of the screening device through the collection box and discharged to the collection box through the negative pressure device. In vitro, the dust and light materials (such as plastic pipe fittings, etc.) are separated.

A comprehensive treatment method for solid waste, comprising the following steps:

S1: adding the solid waste into the feeding device 1, preliminarily crushing the solid particles by the crushing device 4, and the crushed solid particles fall on the screening device 2;

S2: Screening and separation of heavy materials and light materials of solid granular materials after preliminary crushing:

①. The vibration exciter 13 drives the support frame 23 and the first screening mechanism 21 and the second screening mechanism 22 inside the support frame 23 to vibrate at high frequency, and at the same time the first screening mechanism 21 and the second screening mechanism 22 rotate slowly. The obtained solid material is added through the feeding device 1, and the solid material falls into the middle position or the upper position on the first screening mechanism 21. Under the vibration state, the particle size is larger than that of the first screening mechanism 21. The heavy materials in the sieve holes roll down to the lower half of the second screening mechanism 22, and those with a particle size smaller than the sieve holes of the first screening mechanism fall to the upper half of the second screening mechanism 22;

②. In the vibration state, due to the different weights of heavy materials and light materials, the downward movement speed of heavy materials is greater than that of light materials, and the heavy materials on the first screening mechanism 21 and the second screening mechanism 22 Gradually separated from the light material, the light material is displaced to the high end under the blowing action of the wind device 3, and falls into the dust box; through the slow rotation of the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism, it can be extended for a long time. The retention time of solid particles on the screening device, and when the heavy material rolls down, the light material covered by the heavy material is fully exposed. Under the action of the wind force and the rotation of the screening mechanism, the light material Displace to the high-end side of the screening device to achieve screening;

S3: The crushed solid particles are screened step by step through the first screening mechanism 21 and the second screening mechanism 22 in turn, and the smallest solid particles screened out fall into the second screening mechanism 22 and the support frame The small particle material channel 32 between the inner walls of 23, the large particle material particles screened by the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism 22 are mixed in the large particle material channel 31;

S4: A partition plate 50 is arranged in the inner cavity of the material receiving device 5, and the inner cavity of the material receiving device 5 is divided into a first receiving chamber 51 and a second receiving chamber 52 by the partition plate 50 , the partition plate 50 is in contact with the material partition plate 53, the material partition plate 15 separates the large and small particle material channels, and the first material receiving chamber 51 is arranged corresponding to the discharge port of the large particle material channel 31, so The second receiving chamber 52 is set corresponding to the discharge port of the small particle material channel 32; The small particle materials in the material channel 32 fall onto the final material conveying device 16 through the second receiving chamber 52;

S5: During the process of transferring the large particle material from the large particle material channel 31 to the first receiving chamber 51, through the rotating iron removing component 9, a number of magnetic attraction parts 93 are arranged at a circumferential distance and rotate slowly, and the large particle material passes through the magnetic attraction. When the pieces 93 are separated and scattered, they fall downward, and the magnetic pieces attract ferrous metal materials;

S6: The large-particle materials falling on the return conveying device 8 are returned to the feeding device 1 through the return conveying device, and are crushed and decomposed again by the crushing device 4, and the cycle is repeated until the material particles basically or all pass through the second screen. The sieve of the sub-mechanism 22.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications are also It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A solid waste separation treatment device and a solid waste comprehensive treatment method are characterized in that: comprises a feeding device (1), a crushing device (4), a screening device (2), a wind power device (3), a material receiving device (5), a frame (6) and a feed back conveying device (8), the screening device (2) is obliquely arranged on the frame (6) up and down, and the screening device (2) screens the material in a vibrating manner relative to the frame (6), the feeding device (1) is arranged above the screening device (2), a crushing device (4) is arranged in the feeding device (1), a material receiving device (5) is arranged at one side of the lower end of the screening device (2), the material receiving device (5) receives the screened heavy materials, a feed back conveying device (8) is arranged below the material receiving device (5), the feed-back conveying device (8) transfers the materials of the receiving device (5) into the feeding device (1); the wind power device (3) is arranged on one side of the lower end of the screening device (2), the wind power device (3) blows air to the material screening surface of the screening device (2), and light materials are displaced to one side of the higher end of the screening device (2) through the blowing air of the wind power device (3);

the screening device (2) comprises a support frame (23) and at least one group of screening mechanisms, the support frame (23) is of a groove-shaped plate body structure with a U-shaped cross section, two ends of the support frame (23) in the length direction are arranged in an opening mode, the screening mechanisms are supported and arranged in the U-shaped grooves of the support frame (23) along the length direction of the support frame (23), and the screening mechanisms and the inner bottom wall of the support frame (23) are arranged at intervals;

at least one group of connecting pieces (12) are arranged on the outer bottom wall of the support frame (23), the support frame (23) is connected with the rack (6) through the connecting pieces (12), at least one group of vibration exciters (13) are arranged between the support frame (23) and the rack (6), and the support frame (23) is arranged above the rack (6) through the vibration exciters (13);

the screening mechanism comprises a first screening mechanism (21) and a second screening mechanism (22) which are arranged along the inclined direction, the first screening mechanism (21) is arranged above the second screening mechanism (22) at a certain interval, the second screening mechanism (22) is arranged at a certain interval with the inner bottom wall of the support frame (23), the length of the second screening mechanism (22) is greater than that of the first screening mechanism (21), the high end of the second screening mechanism (22) is adjacent to the high end of the first screening mechanism (21), and the other end of the second screening mechanism (22) extends to the material receiving device (5) along the inclined direction to the low end; the first screening mechanism (21) and the second screening mechanism (22) screen solid materials in multiple stages;

the first screening mechanism (21) and the second screening mechanism (22) are both belt conveyors, and the rotating directions of the upper surfaces of the first screening mechanism (21) and the second screening mechanism (22) are from low end to high end and operate at low speed; the first screening mechanism (21) and the second screening mechanism (22) are both provided with sieve pores (20), and the sieve pores of the first screening mechanism (21) are larger than those of the second screening mechanism (22);

the bottom wall of the support frame (23) is arranged in parallel with the screening mechanism at a certain interval, and the inner cavity of the support frame (23) is divided into an upper large-particle material channel (31) and a lower small-particle material channel (32) by the screening mechanism; a material partition plate (15) is arranged at a discharge port at the lower end of the support frame (23), the material partition plate (15) is arranged close to the lower end of the screening mechanism, the material partition plate (15) is spaced from a particle discharge port (30) of a small particle material channel (32), and the material partition plate (15) partitions material particles flowing out of a large particle material channel (31) and the small particle material channel (32);

the material receiving device (5) is of a box structure with openings at the upper end and the lower end, a partition plate (50) is arranged in an inner cavity of the material receiving device (5), the inner cavity of the material receiving device (5) is divided into a first material receiving cavity (51) and a second material receiving cavity (52) through the partition plate (50), the second material receiving cavity (52) is arranged adjacent to the support frame (23), the partition plate (50) abuts against the material partition plate (53), the first material receiving cavity (51) is arranged corresponding to a discharge hole of the large-particle material channel (31), and the second material receiving cavity (52) is arranged corresponding to a discharge hole of the small-particle material channel (32);

a final material conveying device (16) is arranged below the discharge hole of the small particle material channel (32), a return conveying device (8) is arranged below the discharge hole of the large particle material channel (31), and the return conveying device (8) transfers large particle materials flowing out of the large particle material channel to the feed hole of the feeding device (1);

the iron removing device is characterized by further comprising an iron removing assembly (9), wherein the iron removing assembly (9) is rotatably arranged at the discharge end on one side of the lower end of the support frame (23); the iron removing assembly (9) comprises a rotating shaft (91), connecting discs (92) and magnetic suction pieces (93), two ends of the rotating shaft (91) are erected and rotate on the fixing frame (7), the two connecting discs (92) penetrate through the rotating shaft (91) along the axis direction at intervals, and the magnetic suction pieces (93) are arranged between the two connecting discs (92) in a circumferential array around the rotating shaft (91);

the dust collector is characterized by further comprising a collecting box body (10) and a negative pressure device (11), wherein the collecting box body (10) is of a box body structure, the bottom of the box body is provided with a light material discharge hole (26), the collecting box body (10) is arranged on the rack (6), the collecting box body (10) is arranged at the discharge end of one side of the high end of the screening device, the collecting box body (10) is provided with a light material feed hole (19) corresponding to the screening device (2), a plurality of dust outlet holes (27) are formed in the side wall, opposite to the light material feed hole (19), of the collecting box body (10), and the negative pressure device (11) is correspondingly arranged in the dust outlet holes (27);

the method comprises the following steps:

s1: solid waste is added into a feeding device (1), solid particles are primarily crushed through a crushing device (4), and the crushed solid particles fall onto a screening device (2);

s2: screening and separating heavy materials and light materials of the primarily crushed solid particle materials:

firstly, a vibration exciter (13) drives a support frame (23) and a first screening mechanism (21) and a second screening mechanism (22) in the support frame (23) to vibrate at high frequency, and meanwhile, the first screening mechanism (21) and the second screening mechanism (22) slowly rotate; adding the obtained solid material through a feeding device (1), wherein the solid material falls into the middle position or the upper position on a first screening mechanism (21), and in a vibration state, the heavy material with the particle size larger than the sieve pores of the first screening mechanism (21) rolls downwards to the lower half part of a second screening mechanism (22), and the heavy material with the particle size smaller than the sieve pores of the first screening mechanism falls towards the upper half part of the second screening mechanism (22);

under the vibration state, because the weight of the heavy materials is different from that of the light materials, the downward movement speed of the heavy materials is greater than that of the light materials, the heavy materials on the first screening mechanism (21) and the second screening mechanism (22) are gradually separated from the light materials, and the light materials are displaced to the high end under the blowing action of the wind power device (3) and fall into the dust removal box; the slow rotation of the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism can prolong the retention time of solid particles on the screening device, and fully expose the light materials covered by the heavy materials while the heavy materials roll down, and the light materials displace to one side of the high end of the screening device under the action of wind power and the autorotation of the screening mechanism to realize screening;

s3: the crushed solid particles are sequentially screened step by the first screening mechanism (21) and the second screening mechanism (22), the screened smallest solid particles fall into a small particle material channel (32) between the second screening mechanism (22) and the inner wall of the support frame (23), and large particle material particles screened by the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism (22) are mixed in a large particle material channel (31);

s4: a partition plate (50) is arranged in an inner cavity of the material receiving device (5), the inner cavity of the material receiving device (5) is divided into a first material receiving cavity (51) and a second material receiving cavity (52) through the partition plate (50), the partition plate (50) abuts against the material partition plate (53), the material partition plate (15) divides a large particle material channel and a small particle material channel, the first material receiving cavity (51) is arranged corresponding to a discharge hole of the large particle material channel (31), and the second material receiving cavity (52) is arranged corresponding to a discharge hole of the small particle material channel (32); large-particle materials in the large-particle material channel (31) fall into the feed-back conveying device (8) through the first material receiving cavity (51), and small-particle materials in the small-particle material channel (32) fall onto the final material conveying device (16) through the second material receiving cavity (52);

s5: in the process that large-particle materials are transferred to the first material receiving cavity (51) from the large-particle material channel (31), the large-particle materials pass through the rotating iron removing assembly (9), a plurality of magnetic suction pieces (93) are arranged at intervals on the circumference and slowly rotate, the large-particle materials are separated and broken up when passing through the magnetic suction pieces (93) and fall downwards, and the magnetic suction pieces adsorb iron metal materials;

s6: the large-particle materials falling onto the feed back conveying device (8) are returned into the feeding device (1) again through the feed back conveying device, are crushed and decomposed again through the crushing device (4), and are circulated and reciprocated until the material particles basically or completely pass through the sieve holes of the second screening mechanism (22).

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