CN109530231B - Solid waste separation treatment device and solid waste comprehensive treatment method - Google Patents
Solid waste separation treatment device and solid waste comprehensive treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 298
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 230
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 161
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B9/00—Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/10—Screens in the form of endless moving bands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/28—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
- B07B4/08—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures are supported by sieves, screens, or like mechanical elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B2201/00—Details applicable to machines for screening using sieves or gratings
- B07B2201/04—Multiple deck screening devices comprising one or more superimposed screens
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于固体废弃物领域,特别涉及一种固体废弃物分离处理装置及固体废弃物综合处理方法。The invention belongs to the field of solid waste, and particularly relates to a solid waste separation and treatment device and a solid waste comprehensive treatment method.
背景技术Background technique
我国每年的固体垃圾数量已在城市垃圾总量中占有很大比例,成为废物管理中的难题。随着我国建设可持续发展的能源节约型社会主题的提出,固体垃圾再生设备将迎来快速发展的高峰期。长期以来,我国的固体垃圾再利用没有引起很大重视,通常是未经任何处理就被运到郊外或农村,采用露天堆放或填埋的方式进行处理。随着我国城镇建设的蓬勃发展,固体垃圾的产生量也与日俱增。固体垃圾作为各种建材产品废料的混合物,未加处理直接填埋,不仅破坏了人类赖以生存的自然环境,而且也是资源的巨大浪费。惟有采取积极措施,才能确保建筑业的可持续发展。The annual amount of solid waste in my country has accounted for a large proportion of the total urban waste, which has become a difficult problem in waste management. With the proposal of the theme of building a sustainable energy-saving society in my country, solid waste recycling equipment will usher in a peak period of rapid development. For a long time, my country's solid waste recycling has not attracted much attention. Usually, it is transported to the suburbs or rural areas without any treatment, and is disposed of in the open air or landfill. With the vigorous development of urban construction in my country, the amount of solid waste is also increasing day by day. As a mixture of various building material wastes, solid waste is directly landfilled without treatment, which not only destroys the natural environment on which human beings depend, but also is a huge waste of resources. Only positive measures can be taken to ensure the sustainable development of the construction industry.
固体垃圾处理已成为城市管理的重要环节之一,在建筑物的建设、维修、拆除过程中,不可避免会产生各种固体垃圾。针对固体垃圾的材料结构,利用其作为再生材料,是固体垃圾回收利用的一种有效手段。轻质垃圾主要包括塑料制品、水管管件及包装材料等。但在现有的固体垃圾处理系统中,筛动分离主要是针对较纯净固体垃圾,也存在着相当大的人工分拣,在固体垃圾的筛分中,如土块、木块等容易被分拣,但是像塑料制品、包装袋等装修材料由于体积小重量轻,一般容易被压覆在土块石块之中,难以分拣,而且破碎后的石块、凸块等作为再利用原料,其充分的破碎也十分重要,为了能经济地、高效地、环保地处理固体垃圾,应加速研发固体垃圾筛分设备。目前,还未有好的解决方案。Solid waste treatment has become one of the important links in urban management. During the construction, maintenance and demolition of buildings, various solid wastes will inevitably be generated. According to the material structure of solid waste, using it as a recycled material is an effective means of solid waste recycling. Lightweight waste mainly includes plastic products, water pipe fittings and packaging materials. However, in the existing solid waste treatment system, the sieving separation is mainly aimed at relatively pure solid waste, and there is also considerable manual sorting. In the screening of solid waste, such as clods, wood blocks, etc. However, due to their small size and light weight, decoration materials such as plastic products and packaging bags are generally easy to be pressed into the soil and stones, which are difficult to sort, and the broken stones and bumps are used as raw materials for reuse. Its sufficient crushing is also very important. In order to deal with solid waste economically, efficiently and environmentally, the research and development of solid waste screening equipment should be accelerated. Currently, there is no good solution.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
发明目的:为了克服现有技术中存在的不足,本发明提供一种固体废弃物分离处理装置及固体废弃物综合处理方法,能够有效的对固体颗粒进行充分破碎,并同时分离轻质物料和重质物料。Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a solid waste separation and treatment device and a solid waste comprehensive treatment method, which can effectively crush solid particles and simultaneously separate light materials and heavy materials. quality material.
技术方案:为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下:Technical scheme: in order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种固体废弃物分离处理装置,包括进料装置、破碎装置、筛分装置、风力装置、接料装置、机架和回料运输装置,所述筛分装置上、下倾斜设置在所述机架上,且所述筛分装置相对于机架震动筛分物料,所述进料装置设置在筛分装置的上方,所述进料装置内设置有破碎装置,所述筛分装置的低端一侧设置有接料装置,所述接料装置接收筛分后的重质物料,所述接料装置的下方设置有回料运输装置,所述回料运输装置转运接料装置的物料至进料装置内;所述风力装置设置在筛分装置的低端一侧,且所述风力装置向筛分装置的物料筛分面上吹风,轻质物料通过风力装置的吹风向筛分装置的高端一侧位移。A solid waste separation and treatment device, including a feeding device, a crushing device, a screening device, a wind device, a material receiving device, a frame and a return material transport device, the screening device is inclined up and down on the machine. On the rack, and the screening device vibrates and screens the material relative to the rack, the feeding device is arranged above the screening device, a crushing device is arranged in the feeding device, and the low end of the screening device A material receiving device is arranged on one side, and the material receiving device receives the heavy materials after screening, and a return material conveying device is arranged below the material receiving device, and the returning material conveying device transfers the material of the material receiving device to the feeder. The air force device is arranged on the low end side of the screening device, and the air force device blows air to the material screening surface of the screening device, and the light material is blown to the high end of the screening device through the air force device. side displacement.
进一步的,所述筛分装置包括支撑架和至少一组筛分机构,所述支撑架为U型横截面的槽状板体结构,所述支撑架的长度方向两端为开口设置,所述筛分机构沿支撑架的长度方向支撑设置在所述支撑架的U形槽内,且所述筛分机构与支撑架的内底壁间距设置;Further, the screening device includes a support frame and at least one set of screening mechanisms, the support frame is a trough-shaped plate structure with a U-shaped cross-section, and both ends of the support frame in the length direction are provided with openings, and the support frame is provided with openings. The screening mechanism is supported and arranged in the U-shaped groove of the support frame along the length direction of the support frame, and the screening mechanism is arranged at a distance from the inner bottom wall of the support frame;
所述支撑架的外部底壁上设置有至少一组连接件,所述支撑架通过连接件与机架连接设置,所述支撑架与机架之间设置有至少一组激振器,所述支撑架通过激振器振动设置在机架的上方。The outer bottom wall of the support frame is provided with at least one set of connecting pieces, the support frame is connected with the frame through the connecting pieces, and at least one set of vibration exciters is arranged between the support frame and the frame, the The support frame is vibrated above the frame through the vibration exciter.
进一步的,所述筛分机构包括沿倾斜方向设置的第一筛分机构和第二筛分机构,所述第一筛分机构间距设置在第二筛分机构的上方,所述第二筛分机构与支撑架的内底壁间距设置,且所述第二筛分机构的长度大于第一筛分机构的长度,所述第二筛分机构的高端与第一筛分机构的高端相邻设置,且所述第二筛分机构的另一端沿倾斜方向向低端延伸至接料装置;所述第一筛分机构和第二筛分机构多级筛分固体物料。Further, the screening mechanism includes a first screening mechanism and a second screening mechanism arranged along the inclined direction, the first screening mechanism is arranged at a distance above the second screening mechanism, and the second screening mechanism The distance between the mechanism and the inner bottom wall of the support frame is set, and the length of the second screening mechanism is greater than the length of the first screening mechanism, and the high end of the second screening mechanism is adjacent to the high end of the first screening mechanism. , and the other end of the second screening mechanism extends to the lower end along the inclined direction to the material receiving device; the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism screen solid materials in multiple stages.
进一步的,所述第一筛分机构、第二筛分机构均为带式输送机,且所述第一筛分机构、第二筛分机构的上表面的转动方向为从低端至高端低速运转;所述第一筛分机构、第二筛分机构上均开设有筛孔,所述第一筛分机构的筛孔大于第二筛分机构的筛孔。Further, the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism are both belt conveyors, and the rotation direction of the upper surfaces of the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism is from the low end to the high end and low speed. The first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism are both provided with screen holes, and the screen holes of the first screening mechanism are larger than the screen holes of the second screening mechanism.
进一步的,所述支撑架的底壁与筛分机构平行间距设置,且所述支撑架的内腔通过筛分机构分隔为上部的大颗粒物料通道和下部的小颗粒物料通道;所述支撑架的低端出料口处设置有物料隔板,所述物料隔板紧邻筛分机构的低端设置,且所述物料隔板间距小颗粒物料通道的颗粒出料口,所述物料隔板分隔大颗粒物料通道和小颗粒物料通道流出的物料颗粒。Further, the bottom wall of the support frame is arranged in parallel with the screening mechanism, and the inner cavity of the support frame is divided into the upper large particle material channel and the lower small particle material channel by the screening mechanism; the support frame A material separator is arranged at the low-end discharge port of the sieve, the material separator is arranged adjacent to the low end of the screening mechanism, and the material separator is spaced apart from the particle discharge port of the small particle material channel, and the material separator separates The material particles flowing out of the large particle material channel and the small particle material channel.
进一步的,所述接料装置为上下两端均开口的箱体结构,所述接料装置的内腔中设置有一分隔板,所述接料装置的内腔通过分隔板分隔成第一接料腔室和第二接料腔室,所述第二接料腔室相邻支撑架设置,且所述分隔板抵接于物料隔板,所述第一接料腔室与大颗粒物料通道的出料口对应设置,所述第二接料腔室与小颗粒物料通道的出料口对应设置。Further, the material receiving device is a box structure with both upper and lower ends open, a partition plate is arranged in the inner cavity of the material receiving device, and the inner cavity of the material receiving device is divided into the first part by the partition plate. A receiving chamber and a second receiving chamber, the second receiving chamber is arranged adjacent to the support frame, and the partition plate is in contact with the material partition plate, and the first receiving chamber is connected to the large particles The material outlet of the material channel is correspondingly arranged, and the second material receiving chamber is arranged correspondingly to the material outlet of the small particle material channel.
进一步的,所述小颗粒物料通道的出料口下方设置有终料运输装置,所述大颗粒物料通道的出料口下方设置有回料运输装置,所述回料运输装置转运大颗粒物料通道流出的大颗粒物料至进料装置的进料口。Further, a final material conveying device is provided below the discharge port of the small particle material channel, and a return material conveying device is provided below the discharge port of the large particle material channel, and the return material conveying device transfers the large particle material channel. The outflowing large particle material is sent to the feeding port of the feeding device.
进一步的,还包括除铁组件,所述除铁组件转动设置在支撑架的低端一侧的出料端;所述除铁组件包括转轴、连接盘和磁吸件,所述转轴的两端架设并转动在固定架上,两个所述连接盘沿轴线方向间距穿设在转轴上,若干所述磁吸件绕转轴圆周阵列设置在两个连接盘之间。Further, it also includes an iron-removing assembly, which is rotatably arranged on the discharge end of the lower end side of the support frame; the iron-removing assembly includes a rotating shaft, a connecting plate and a magnetic attraction, and the two ends of the rotating shaft are It is erected and rotated on a fixed frame, the two connecting discs are arranged on the rotating shaft at an interval along the axis direction, and a plurality of the magnetic attraction pieces are arranged in a circumferential array around the rotating shaft between the two connecting discs.
进一步的,还包括收集箱体和负压装置,所述收集箱体为底部开设有轻质物料出料口的箱体结构,所述收集箱体设置在机架上,且所述收集箱体设置在筛分装置高端一侧的出料端,所述收集箱体对应筛分装置开设有轻质物料进料口,在所述收集箱体与轻质物料进料口相对立的侧壁上开设有若干出尘孔,所述出尘孔对应设置有负压装置。Further, it also includes a collection box and a negative pressure device, the collection box is a box structure with a light material outlet at the bottom, the collection box is arranged on the rack, and the collection box is Set at the discharge end of the high-end side of the screening device, the collection box is provided with a light material feed port corresponding to the screening device, and the collection box is on the opposite side wall of the light material feed port. A number of dust outlet holes are opened, and the dust outlet holes are correspondingly provided with negative pressure devices.
一种固体废弃物的综合处理方法,包括以下步骤:A comprehensive treatment method for solid waste, comprising the following steps:
S1:将固体废弃物加入至进料装置内,通过破碎装置对固体颗粒进行初步破碎,被破碎后的固体颗粒落入在筛分装置上;S1: adding the solid waste into the feeding device, preliminarily crushing the solid particles by the crushing device, and the crushed solid particles fall on the screening device;
S2:初步破碎后的固体颗粒物料的重质物料和轻质物料的筛分分离:S2: Screening and separation of heavy materials and light materials of solid granular materials after preliminary crushing:
①.激振器驱动支撑架及支撑架内部的第一筛分机构、第二筛分机构高频率震动,同时第一筛分机构、第二筛分机构各自缓慢自转;将得到的固体物料通过进料装置加入,固体物料落入至第一筛分机构上的中间位置或偏上的位置处,在震动状态下,粒径大于第一筛分机构的筛孔的重质物料向下滚落至第二筛分机构的下半部分,粒径小于第一筛分机构的筛孔的向第二筛分机构的上半部分落下;①. The vibration exciter drives the support frame and the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism inside the support frame to vibrate at high frequency, and at the same time the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism rotate slowly; The feeding device is added, and the solid material falls into the middle position or the upper position on the first screening mechanism. Under the vibration state, the heavy material with a particle size larger than the sieve hole of the first screening mechanism rolls down. To the lower half of the second screening mechanism, the particle size smaller than the sieve hole of the first screening mechanism falls to the upper half of the second screening mechanism;
②.在震动状态下,由于重质物料与轻质物料的重量不同,重质物料向下运动的速度大于轻质物料,第一筛分机构和第二筛分机构上的重质物料与轻质物料逐渐分离,轻质物料在风力装置的吹风作用下,均向高端位移,并向除尘箱中落入;通过第一筛分机构和第二筛分机构的缓慢转动,可延长固体颗粒在筛分装置上的存留时间,并在重质物料在向下滚落的同时,充分露出被重质物料覆盖的轻质物料,轻质物料在风力及筛分机构自转的作用下,向筛分装置的高端一侧位移,实现筛分;②. In the state of vibration, due to the different weights of heavy materials and light materials, the downward movement speed of heavy materials is greater than that of light materials, and the heavy materials on the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism are different from light materials. The heavy materials are gradually separated, and the light materials are all displaced to the high end under the blowing action of the wind device, and fall into the dust box; through the slow rotation of the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism, the solid particles can be extended in the dust removal box. The retention time on the screening device, and when the heavy material rolls down, the light material covered by the heavy material is fully exposed, and the light material is screened under the action of the wind force and the rotation of the screening mechanism. The high-end side of the device is displaced to achieve screening;
S3:被破碎后的固体颗粒依次经第一筛分机构、第二筛分机构进行逐级筛分,被筛分出的最小的固体颗粒落入在第二筛分机构与支撑架的内壁之间的小颗粒物料通道,被第一筛分机构、第二筛分机构筛分的大颗粒物料颗粒混合在大颗粒物料通道内;S3: The crushed solid particles are screened step by step through the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism, and the smallest solid particles that are screened fall into the second screening mechanism and the inner wall of the support frame. The small particle material channel between the two, the large particle material particles screened by the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism are mixed in the large particle material channel;
S4:所述接料装置的内腔中设置有一分隔板,所述接料装置的内腔通过分隔板分隔成第一接料腔室和第二接料腔室,所述分隔板抵接于物料隔板,物料隔板分隔大、小颗粒物料通道,所述第一接料腔室与大颗粒物料通道的出料口对应设置,所述第二接料腔室与小颗粒物料通道的出料口对应设置;大颗粒物料通道内的大颗粒物料通过第一接料腔室落入在回料运输装置,小颗粒物料通道内的小颗粒物料通过第二接料腔室落入在终料运输装置上;S4: A dividing plate is set in the inner cavity of the feeding device, and the inner cavity of the feeding device is divided into a first feeding chamber and a second feeding chamber by the dividing plate, and the dividing plate Abutting against the material partition, the material partition separates the large and small particle material channels, the first receiving chamber is arranged corresponding to the discharge port of the large particle material channel, and the second receiving chamber is connected to the small particle material. The discharge port of the channel is set correspondingly; the large particle material in the large particle material channel falls into the return material conveying device through the first receiving chamber, and the small particle material in the small particle material channel falls through the second receiving chamber. on the final material transporter;
S5:大颗粒物料从大颗粒物料通道向第一接料腔室转运的过程中,经过转动的除铁组件,若干磁吸件圆周间距设置且缓慢转动,大颗粒物料经过磁吸件时被分隔打散向下跌落,磁吸件吸附铁质金属物料;S5: In the process of transferring large particle materials from the large particle material channel to the first receiving chamber, after passing through the rotating iron removal component, a number of magnetic parts are set at circumferential intervals and rotate slowly, and the large particle materials are separated when passing through the magnetic parts. Disperse the downward drop, and the magnetic suction part absorbs the iron metal material;
S6:落入至回料运输装置上的大颗粒物料通过回料运输装置重新回到进料装置内,经破碎装置再次破碎分解,循环往复,直至物料颗粒基本或全部通过第二筛分机构的筛孔。S6: The large-particle materials falling on the return conveying device are returned to the feeding device through the return conveying device, and are crushed and decomposed again by the crushing device, and the cycle is repeated until the material particles basically or all pass through the second screening mechanism. sieve.
有益效果:本发明通过筛分装置中的第一筛分机构和第二筛分机构进行两级筛分,并且通过筛分装置的高频率震动,以及风力装置的风力气流,能有效的将固体废弃物中的轻质物料和重质物料进行筛分分离,而筛分后的重质物料中的大颗粒物料通过回料运输装置再次被破碎装置破碎分解以及再筛分,能充分的分离轻质物料和重质物料,且充分的破碎重质物料的大颗粒。Beneficial effects: the present invention performs two-stage screening through the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism in the screening device, and through the high-frequency vibration of the screening device and the wind airflow of the wind device, the solids can be effectively separated. The light materials and heavy materials in the waste are screened and separated, and the large particles in the heavy materials after screening are crushed, decomposed and re-screened by the crushing device again through the return conveying device, which can fully separate the light materials. Heavy materials and heavy materials, and fully crush large particles of heavy materials.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图1为本发明的整体结构的立体结构示意图;Accompanying drawing 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
附图2为本发明的整体结构的主视图;Accompanying drawing 2 is the front view of the overall structure of the present invention;
附图3为本发明的整体结构的主视图的透视图;3 is a perspective view of a front view of the overall structure of the present invention;
附图4为本发明的整体的工作状态示意图;Accompanying drawing 4 is the overall working state schematic diagram of the present invention;
附图5为本发明的筛分装置的爆炸示意图;Accompanying drawing 5 is the explosion schematic diagram of the screening device of the present invention;
附图6为本发明的除铁组件的结构示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the iron removal assembly of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作更进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如附图1至附图5所示,一种固体废弃物分离处理装置,包括进料装置1、破碎装置4、筛分装置2、风力装置3、接料装置5、机架6和回料运输装置8,所述筛分装置2上、下倾斜设置在所述机架6上,且所述筛分装置2相对于机架6震动筛分物料,所述进料装置1设置在筛分装置2的上方,进料装置1为进料斗,其跟随筛分装置震动,以利于下料,所述进料装置1内设置有破碎装置4,破碎装置为对辊式的破碎装置,所述筛分装置2的低端一侧设置有接料装置5,所述接料装置5接收筛分后的重质物料,所述接料装置5的下方设置有回料运输装置8,所述回料运输装置8转运接料装置5的物料至进料装置1内;所述风力装置3设置在筛分装置2的低端一侧,且所述风力装置3向筛分装置2的物料筛分面上吹风,风力装置可为大功率的风扇,轻质物料通过风力装置3的吹风向筛分装置2的高端一侧位移。通过筛分装置筛分,并且通过筛分装置的高频率震动,以及风力装置的风力气流,能有效的将固体废弃物中的轻质物料和重质物料进行筛分分离,而筛分后的重质物料中的大颗粒物料通过回料运输装置再次被破碎装置破碎分解以及再筛分,能充分的分离轻质物料和重质物料,且充分的破碎重质物料的大颗粒。As shown in Figures 1 to 5, a solid waste separation and treatment device includes a
所述筛分装置2包括支撑架23和至少一组筛分机构,所述支撑架23为U型横截面的槽状板体结构,所述支撑架23的长度方向两端为开口设置,所述筛分机构沿支撑架23的长度方向支撑设置在所述支撑架23的U形槽内,且所述筛分机构与支撑架23的内底壁间距设置;筛分装置2的机架固定在支撑架23内,通过支撑架23对固体颗粒的运动进行导向。The
所述支撑架23的外部底壁上设置有至少一组连接件12,连接件12为杆体结构,所述支撑架23通过连接件12与机架6连接设置,通过连接件12用于支撑所述支撑架23,连接件的两端与支撑架、机架均为铰接设置,其铰接方向沿筛分机构的长度方向设置,与激振器的震动方向相同,所述支撑架23与机架6之间设置有至少一组激振器13,所述支撑架23通过激振器13振动设置在机架6的上方。The outer bottom wall of the
在震动状态下,第一筛分机构21和第二筛分机构22上的重质物料与轻质物料逐渐分离,轻质物料在风力装置3的吹风作用下,均向高端位移,并向收集箱体中落入;通过筛分机构的缓慢转动,可延长固体颗粒在筛分装置上的存留时间,并在重质物料在向下滚落的同时,露出被重质物料覆盖的轻质物料,轻质物料在风力及筛分机构自转的作用下,向筛分装置的高端一侧位移,实现筛分。In the vibration state, the heavy materials and the light materials on the
所述筛分机构包括沿倾斜方向设置的第一筛分机构21和第二筛分机构22,所述第一筛分机构21间距设置在第二筛分机构22的上方,所述第二筛分机构22与支撑架23的内底壁间距设置,且所述第二筛分机构22的长度大于第一筛分机构21的长度,所述第二筛分机构22的高端与第一筛分机构21的高端相邻设置,且所述第二筛分机构22的另一端沿倾斜方向向低端延伸至接料装置5;所述第一筛分机构21和第二筛分机构22多级筛分固体物料。所述第一筛分机构21、第二筛分机构22均为带式输送机,且所述第一筛分机构21、第二筛分机构22的上表面的转动方向为从低端至高端低速运转;所述第一筛分机构21、第二筛分机构22上均开设有筛孔20,所述第一筛分机构21的筛孔大于第二筛分机构22的筛孔。The screening mechanism includes a
将固体物料通过进料装置1加入,固体物料落入至第一筛分机构21上的中间位置或偏上的位置处,在震动状态下,粒径小于第一筛分机构21的筛孔的重质物料向下滚落至第二筛分机构22的下半部分,粒径小于第一筛分机构的筛孔的下第二筛分机构22的上半部分落下;通过两个筛分面能有效的将大粒径颗粒和小粒径的颗粒进行分离,以保证废弃物物料能够有效的被铺开,使被覆盖的轻质物料能够尽可能的被暴露在外,从而被风力装置风力吹动至筛分机构的高端一侧。The solid material is added through the
所述支撑架23的底壁与筛分机构平行间距设置,且所述支撑架23的内腔通过筛分机构分隔为上部的大颗粒物料通道31和下部的小颗粒物料通道32;所述支撑架23的低端出料口处设置有物料隔板15,所述物料隔板15紧邻筛分机构的低端设置,且所述物料隔板15间距小颗粒物料通道32的颗粒出料口30,所述物料隔板15分隔大颗粒物料通道31和小颗粒物料通道32流出的物料颗粒。被破碎后的固体颗粒依次经第一筛分机构21、第二筛分机构22进行逐级筛分,被筛分出的最小的固体颗粒落入在第二筛分机构22与支撑架23的内壁之间的小颗粒物料通道32,被第一筛分机构、第二筛分机构22筛分的大颗粒物料颗粒混合在大颗粒物料通道31内。The bottom wall of the
所述接料装置5为上下两端均开口的箱体结构,所述接料装置5的内腔中设置有一分隔板50,所述接料装置5的内腔通过分隔板50分隔成第一接料腔室51和第二接料腔室52,所述第二接料腔室52相邻支撑架23设置,且所述分隔板50抵接于物料隔板53,所述第一接料腔室51与大颗粒物料通道31的出料口对应设置,所述第二接料腔室52与小颗粒物料通道32的出料口对应设置。所述分隔板50抵接于物料隔板53,物料隔板15分隔大、小颗粒物料通道,所述第一接料腔室51与大颗粒物料通道31的出料口对应设置,所述第二接料腔室52与小颗粒物料通道32的出料口对应设置;所述小颗粒物料通道32的出料口下方设置有终料运输装置16,所述大颗粒物料通道31的出料口下方设置有回料运输装置8,所述回料运输装置8转运大颗粒物料通道流出的大颗粒物料至进料装置1的进料口。大颗粒物料通道31内的大颗粒物料通过第一接料腔室51落入在回料运输装置8,小颗粒物料通道32内的小颗粒物料通过第二接料腔室52落入在终料运输装置16上,所述回料运输装置8和终料运输装置16均为带式输送机,终料运输装置上的固体颗粒为最终破碎后的颗粒大小,通过大小颗粒的分别落料,可有效的保证最终固体颗粒带小的一致性。The
如附图1和附图6所示,还包括除铁组件9,所述除铁组件9转动设置在支撑架23的低端一侧的出料端;所述除铁组件9包括转轴91、连接盘92和磁吸件93,所述转轴91的两端架设并转动在固定架7上,固定架7固定在机架6上,驱动电机90驱动转轴转动,两个所述连接盘92沿轴线方向间距穿设在转轴91上,若干所述磁吸件93绕转轴91圆周阵列设置在两个连接盘92之间。大颗粒物料从大颗粒物料通道31向第一接料腔室51转运的过程中,经过转动的除铁组件9,若干磁吸件93圆周间距设置且缓慢转动,大颗粒物料经过磁吸件93时被分隔打散向下跌落,磁吸件吸附铁质金属物料。As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 6 , it also includes an
还包括收集箱体10和负压装置11,所述收集箱体10为底部开设有轻质物料出料口26的箱体结构,所述收集箱体10设置在机架6上,且所述收集箱体10设置在筛分装置高端一侧的出料端,所述收集箱体10对应筛分装置2开设有轻质物料进料口19,在所述收集箱体10与轻质物料进料口19相对立的侧壁上开设有若干微孔状的出尘孔27,所述出尘孔27对应设置有负压装置11。轻质物料从筛分装置的高端一侧向收集箱体内落入时,伴随有大量的灰尘,通过收集箱体对筛分装置的高端一侧进行灰尘聚集,并通过负压装置排出至收集箱体外,使灰尘与轻质物料(如塑料管件等)进行分离。It also includes a
一种固体废弃物的综合处理方法,包括以下步骤:A comprehensive treatment method for solid waste, comprising the following steps:
S1:将固体废弃物加入至进料装置1内,通过破碎装置4对固体颗粒进行初步破碎,被破碎后的固体颗粒落入在筛分装置2上;S1: adding the solid waste into the
S2:初步破碎后的固体颗粒物料的重质物料和轻质物料的筛分分离:S2: Screening and separation of heavy materials and light materials of solid granular materials after preliminary crushing:
①.激振器13驱动支撑架23及支撑架23内部的第一筛分机构21、第二筛分机构22高频率震动,同时第一筛分机构21、第二筛分机构22各自缓慢自转;将得到的固体物料通过进料装置1加入,固体物料落入至第一筛分机构21上的中间位置或偏上的位置处,在震动状态下,粒径大于第一筛分机构21的筛孔的重质物料向下滚落至第二筛分机构22的下半部分,粒径小于第一筛分机构的筛孔的向第二筛分机构22的上半部分落下;①. The
②.在震动状态下,由于重质物料与轻质物料的重量不同,重质物料向下运动的速度大于轻质物料,第一筛分机构21和第二筛分机构22上的重质物料与轻质物料逐渐分离,轻质物料在风力装置3的吹风作用下,均向高端位移,并向除尘箱中落入;通过第一筛分机构和第二筛分机构的缓慢转动,可延长固体颗粒在筛分装置上的存留时间,并在重质物料在向下滚落的同时,充分露出被重质物料覆盖的轻质物料,轻质物料在风力及筛分机构自转的作用下,向筛分装置的高端一侧位移,实现筛分;②. In the vibration state, due to the different weights of heavy materials and light materials, the downward movement speed of heavy materials is greater than that of light materials, and the heavy materials on the
S3:被破碎后的固体颗粒依次经第一筛分机构21、第二筛分机构22进行逐级筛分,被筛分出的最小的固体颗粒落入在第二筛分机构22与支撑架23的内壁之间的小颗粒物料通道32,被第一筛分机构、第二筛分机构22筛分的大颗粒物料颗粒混合在大颗粒物料通道31内;S3: The crushed solid particles are screened step by step through the
S4:所述接料装置5的内腔中设置有一分隔板50,所述接料装置5的内腔通过分隔板50分隔成第一接料腔室51和第二接料腔室52,所述分隔板50抵接于物料隔板53,物料隔板15分隔大、小颗粒物料通道,所述第一接料腔室51与大颗粒物料通道31的出料口对应设置,所述第二接料腔室52与小颗粒物料通道32的出料口对应设置;大颗粒物料通道31内的大颗粒物料通过第一接料腔室51落入在回料运输装置8,小颗粒物料通道32内的小颗粒物料通过第二接料腔室52落入在终料运输装置16上;S4: A
S5:大颗粒物料从大颗粒物料通道31向第一接料腔室51转运的过程中,经过转动的除铁组件9,若干磁吸件93圆周间距设置且缓慢转动,大颗粒物料经过磁吸件93时被分隔打散向下跌落,磁吸件吸附铁质金属物料;S5: During the process of transferring the large particle material from the large
S6:落入至回料运输装置8上的大颗粒物料通过回料运输装置重新回到进料装置1内,经破碎装置4再次破碎分解,循环往复,直至物料颗粒基本或全部通过第二筛分机构22的筛孔。S6: The large-particle materials falling on the
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出:对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications are also It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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