CN102701676B - 一种泡沫混凝土材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种泡沫混凝土材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102701676B CN102701676B CN201210192851.1A CN201210192851A CN102701676B CN 102701676 B CN102701676 B CN 102701676B CN 201210192851 A CN201210192851 A CN 201210192851A CN 102701676 B CN102701676 B CN 102701676B
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- parts
- foam
- foaming agent
- concrete
- foamed concrete
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- 239000011381 foam concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nMzAwcHgnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwcHgnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzMDAgMzAwJz4KPCEtLSBFTkQgT0YgSEVBREVSIC0tPgo8cmVjdCBzdHlsZT0nb3BhY2l0eToxLjA7ZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGO3N0cm9rZTpub25lJyB3aWR0aD0nMzAwLjAnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwLjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxMDAuNScgeT0nMTcwLjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiNFODQyMzUnID5IPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxMjYuMScgeT0nMTg2LjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6MjZweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiNFODQyMzUnID4yPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxMzguMCcgeT0nMTcwLjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiNFODQyMzUnID5PPC90ZXh0Pgo8L3N2Zz4K data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nODVweCcgaGVpZ2h0PSc4NXB4JyB2aWV3Qm94PScwIDAgODUgODUnPgo8IS0tIEVORCBPRiBIRUFERVIgLS0+CjxyZWN0IHN0eWxlPSdvcGFjaXR5OjEuMDtmaWxsOiNGRkZGRkY7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmUnIHdpZHRoPSc4NS4wJyBoZWlnaHQ9Jzg1LjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxMy4zJyB5PSc1My42JyBjbGFzcz0nYXRvbS0wJyBzdHlsZT0nZm9udC1zaXplOjIzcHg7Zm9udC1zdHlsZTpub3JtYWw7Zm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6bm9ybWFsO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTpub25lO2ZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OnNhbnMtc2VyaWY7dGV4dC1hbmNob3I6c3RhcnQ7ZmlsbDojRTg0MjM1JyA+SDwvdGV4dD4KPHRleHQgeD0nMjguMicgeT0nNjIuOScgY2xhc3M9J2F0b20tMCcgc3R5bGU9J2ZvbnQtc2l6ZToxNXB4O2ZvbnQtc3R5bGU6bm9ybWFsO2ZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0Om5vcm1hbDtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6MTtzdHJva2U6bm9uZTtmb250LWZhbWlseTpzYW5zLXNlcmlmO3RleHQtYW5jaG9yOnN0YXJ0O2ZpbGw6I0U4NDIzNScgPjI8L3RleHQ+Cjx0ZXh0IHg9JzM1LjAnIHk9JzUzLjYnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6MjNweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiNFODQyMzUnID5PPC90ZXh0Pgo8L3N2Zz4K O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 2 parts-3 parts Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 240000006909 Tilia x europaea Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium silicate Chemical compound 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[Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003491 Skin Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical group 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[Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium hydroxide Chemical compound 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[OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002349 favourable Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances 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Abstract
本发明涉及一种泡沫混凝土材料及其制备方法，包括固体组分和发泡剂泡沫，所述的固体组分按质量分数为：泥浆40份-60份、水泥25份-50份、熟石灰5份-8份、石膏2份-3份、纤维0.5份-1份、早强剂1份-3份，所述的发泡剂泡沫的体积量是所述固体组份体积总量的50-80倍，所述的发泡剂泡沫为发泡剂与水质量比为1∶30的发泡剂水溶液发泡制得。与现有技术相比，本发明利用废弃的泥浆制备泡沫混凝土，有利于环保，且具有优异的保温性能，可以制备出具有优异保温效果的轻质绝热材料，可直接用于屋面、地暖工程和垫层等需要保温效果的非承重结构。本发明所提供的泡沫混凝土可以现场直接浇注，无特殊的养护条件和施工工艺的要求。
Description
一种泡沬混凝土材料及其制备方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种建筑工程技术领域的泡沫混凝土，具体地说，涉及的是一种利用废弃的泥浆制备的泡沫混凝土及其应用。
背景技术
[0002] 建筑节能已成为现代建筑的一个新的课题。作为建筑的非承重部位的屋面结构、地暖工程和垫层等，人们更多地倾向于采用一种新型泡沫混凝土材料。泡沫混凝土系用水泥或加入混合材料与水制成的浆再与以泡沫剂制成的泡沫拌合后硬化而成的多孔轻质材料，具有质轻、保温性能好、制作工艺简单等众多优点。近年来，泡沫混凝土得到了快速地发展，出现了很多的专利产品。如中国专利公开号:CN101973779A，专利名称:一种新型泡沫混凝土的制备工艺，该专利采用水泥、煤灰、陶粒、增强剂和发泡剂生产制备出表观密度700-1200kg/m3而抗压强度达到ClO的泡沫混凝土，但其保温性能很难满足一般屋面或地暖工程需求。又如中国专利公开号:CN102153363A，专利名称:一种超低密度泡沫混凝土及其制备方法，该专利提出采用采用化学发泡方式，将稳泡剂加到硫铝酸盐水泥料浆中搅拌均匀，然后加入化学发泡剂充分搅拌均匀后浇筑成型，所制得泡沫混凝土表观密度为130-150kg/m3，导热系数低于0.10W/mK，抗压强度达到0.1MPa，但其造价相对较高。
[0003]目前，在进行灌注桩施工过程中，产生了大量的泥浆，该泥浆由于含水率较高，难以处理，通常都被一些施工单位偷运倾倒在城市周边的河道，已成为城市建设过程不得不面临得一个技术难题。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种质量轻、保温隔热性能良好，价格低廉可用于建筑非承重部位的屋面、地暖工程和垫层等结构部位的泡沫混凝土材料及其制备方法。
[0005] 本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:一种泡沫混凝土材料，其特征在于，包括固体组分和发泡剂泡沫，所述的固体组分按质量分数为:泥浆40份-60份、水泥25份-50份、熟石灰5份-8份、石膏2份-3份、纤维0.5份-1份、早强剂1份_3份，所述的发泡剂泡沫的体积量是所述固体组份体积总量的50-80倍，所述的发泡剂泡沫为发泡剂与水质量比为1: 30的发泡剂水溶液发泡制得。
[0006] 所述的泥浆为灌注桩施工过程中产生的密度在1.2-1.3g/mm3的废弃泥浆。
[0007] 所述的水泥为强度等级不低于42.5级早强型通用硅酸盐水泥。
[0008] 所述的纤维为长度是6mm-19mm的聚丙烯纤维。
[0009] 所述的早强剂为碳酸锂或水玻璃。
[0010] 所述的发泡剂采用植物性蛋白发泡剂。
[0011] 一种泡沫混凝土材料的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下步骤:
[0012] (I)配制发泡剂水溶液:将发泡剂与水按质量比为1: 30配制发泡剂水溶液；[0013] (2)泡沫混凝土材料的制备:按质量分数称取固体组份:泥浆40份-60份、水泥25份-50份、熟石灰5份-8份、石膏2份-3份、纤维0.5份-1份、早强剂1份_3份，混合并搅拌均匀，将发泡剂水溶液生成泡沫，按所述发泡剂泡沫的体积量为所述固体组份体积总量的50-80倍取发泡剂泡沫，将所述发泡剂泡沫与所述固体组份搅拌混合得到料浆；将该料浆浇注入模具中成型，固化后脱模、切割成所需尺寸的轻质混凝土制品。
[0014] 所述的料浆直接浇注入建筑物之屋顶层楼面，固化后成为轻质泡沫混凝土屋顶绝热板。
[0015] 所述的料浆直接浇注入建筑物地暖工程，固化后成为轻质泡沫混凝土地暖工程材料。
[0016] 所述的料浆浇注入建筑垫层，固化后成为轻质泡沫混凝土垫层材料；或所述的料浆直接浇注于支有模板的建筑物外墙外侧或内侧，固化后成为外墙外保温系统的保温层。
[0017] 针对目前灌注桩施工过程中产生的大量泥浆难以处理的难题，本发明提出将这样一种高含水率的泥浆直接用于制备泡沫混凝土，由于粘土本身良好的保温性能，所制备的泡沫混凝土具有优异的保温隔热性能和较低的表观密度。
[0018] 与现有技术相比，本发明利用废弃的泥浆制作泡沫混凝土材料，一方面可以大量回收废弃的泥浆，有利于环境保护和节约了工程造价；另一方面，由于泥浆中40%左右为粘土，其具有良好的保温性 能，所制备的粘土质泡沫混凝土相比于相同表观密度的传统泡沫混凝土，其导热系数小，保温隔热性能好。对废弃泥浆进行再利用，节约了成本同时保护了环境更重要的是解决了目前灌注桩施工过程中遇到的难题。这种泡沫混凝土主要用于一些非承重结构的屋面、地暖工程和垫层等工程的保温。
具体实施方式
[0019] 下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明:本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
[0020] 下述实施例采用的原材料中:
[0021] 所述的泥浆为灌注桩施工过程中产生的密度在1.2-1.3g/mm3的废弃泥浆。
[0022] 所述的水泥为强度等级不低于42.5级早强型通用硅酸盐水泥。
[0023] 所述的纤维为长度是6mm-19mm的聚丙烯纤维。
[0024] 所述的早强剂为碳酸锂或水玻璃。
[0025] 所述的发泡剂采用植物性蛋白发泡剂。
[0026] 实施例1
[0027] 按质量比称泥浆40份，水泥50份，熟石灰5份，石膏3份，聚丙烯纤维0.5份，碳酸锂1.5份，放入搅拌机中充分搅拌均匀形成料浆；将发泡剂与水按1: 30比例配成发泡液，将发泡液进行发泡；将所制备的泡沫按固体组份体积总量的50倍加入并搅拌均匀，将均匀的料浆浇注入模具中成型，I天固化后脱模并切割成所需的尺寸。然后置于室温下养护28天即制成轻质多孔混凝土砌块。该轻质混凝土砌块，按照GB/T11968-1997《蒸压加气混凝土砌块》标准进行测量，轻量约为500kg/m3，强度约为2.5MPa，干缩值为0.25mm/m,导热系数为0.10ff/m.k。符合相关标准。[0028] 实施例2
[0029] 按质量比称泥浆60份，水泥25份，熟石灰8份，石膏2份，聚丙烯纤维1份，水玻璃3份，放入搅拌机中充分搅拌均匀形成料浆；将发泡剂与水按1: 30比例配成发泡液，将发泡液进行发泡；将所制备的泡沫按固体组份体积总量的80倍加入并搅拌均匀，将料浆直接浇注入建筑物之屋顶层楼面，固化后成为泡沫混凝土屋顶绝热板。经测试，符合业内标准轻量及强度和传热系数要求。
[0030] 实施例3
[0031] 按质量比称泥浆50份，水泥40份，熟石灰6份，石膏1.5份，聚丙烯纤维0.5份，水玻璃2份，放入搅拌机中充分搅拌均匀形成料浆；将发泡剂与水按1: 30比例配成发泡液，将发泡液进行发泡；将所制备的泡沫按固体组份体积总量的70倍加入并搅拌均匀，将料浆直接浇注入建筑物地暖工程，固化后成为泡沫混凝土地暖保温层。经测试，符合业内标准轻量及强度和传热系数要求。 [0032] 实施例4
[0033] 按质量比称泥浆60份，水泥30份，熟石灰5份，石膏2.25份，聚丙烯纤维0.75份，碳酸钾2份，放入搅拌机中充分搅拌均匀形成料浆；将发泡剂与水按1: 30比例配成发泡液，将发泡液进行发泡；将所制备的泡沫按固体组份体积总量的60倍加入并搅拌均匀，将料浆直接浇注入建筑物基础垫层，固化后成为泡沫混凝土绝热保温垫层。经测试，符合业内标准轻量及强度和传热系数要求。
[0034] 实施例5
[0035] 按质量比称泥浆40份，水泥50份，熟石灰5份，石膏2份，聚丙烯纤维1份，碳酸钾1份，放入搅拌机中充分搅拌均匀形成料浆；将发泡剂与水按1: 30比例配成发泡液，将发泡液进行发泡；将所制备的泡沫按固体组份体积总量的60倍加入并搅拌均匀，将料浆直接浇注入建筑物外墙外侧支护的模板内，固化后脱模成为建筑物外墙保温系统的保温层。经测试，符合业内标准轻量及强度和传热系数要求。
Claims (9)
1.一种泡沫混凝土材料，其特征在于，包括固体组分和发泡剂泡沫，所述的固体组分按质量份数为:泥衆40份-60份、水泥25份-50份、熟石灰5份-8份、石膏2份-3份、纤维0.5份-1份、早强剂1份-3份，所述的发泡剂泡沫的体积量是所述固体组份体积总量的50-80倍，所述的发泡剂泡沫为发泡剂与水质量比为1:30的发泡剂水溶液发泡制得； 所述的泥浆为灌注桩施工过程中产生的密度在1.2-1.3g/mm3的废弃泥浆。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种泡沫混凝土材料，其特征在于，所述的水泥为强度等级不低于42.5级早强型通用硅酸盐水泥。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种泡沫混凝土材料，其特征在于，所述的纤维为长度是6mm-19mm的聚丙烯纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种泡沫混凝土材料，其特征在于，所述的早强剂为碳酸锂或水玻璃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种泡沫混凝土材料，其特征在于，所述的发泡剂采用植物性蛋白发泡剂。
6.一种如权利要求1所述的泡沫混凝土材料的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下步骤: (1)配制发泡剂水溶液:将发泡剂与水按质量比为1:30配制发泡剂水溶液； (2)泡沫混凝土材料的制备:按质量份数称取固体组份:泥浆40份-60份、水泥25份-50份、熟石灰5份-8份、石膏2份-3份、纤维0.5份-1份、早强剂1份_3份，混合并搅拌均匀，将发泡剂水溶液生成泡沫，按所述发泡剂泡沫的体积量为所述固体组份体积总量的50-80倍取发泡剂泡沫，·将所述发泡剂泡沫与所述固体组份搅拌混合得到料浆；将该料浆浇注入模具中成型，固化后脱模、切割成所需尺寸的轻质混凝土制品。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种泡沫混凝土材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的料浆直接浇注入建筑物之屋顶层楼面，固化后成为轻质泡沫混凝土屋顶绝热板。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种泡沫混凝土材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的料浆直接浇注入建筑物地暖工程，固化后成为轻质泡沫混凝土地暖工程材料。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种泡沫混凝土材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的料浆浇注入建筑垫层，固化后成为轻质泡沫混凝土垫层材料；或所述的料浆直接浇注于支有模板的建筑物外墙外侧或内侧，固化后成为外墙外保温系统的保温层。
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