CN102696862A - Expanded feed for preventing abnormality of fatty liver and body color of clarias fuscus and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a feed and a preparation method of the feed, in particular to an expanded feed for preventing the abnormality of fatty liver and body color of clarias fuscus and a preparation method of the expanded feed. The feed comprises the following components in by weight percent: 7-15% of fish meal, 16-20% of bean pulp, 12-15% of rapeseed meal, 8-10% of cottonseed meal, 15-20% of wheat middling, 22-26% of strong flour, 3.2-3.6% of soya-bean oil, 0.5% of mineral salt premixture, 0.1% of vitamin premixture, 0.2% of choline chloride, 1.1-2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.2% of coloring agent, 0.1-0.2% of bile acid, 0.5-1.5% of radix bupleuri, 0.1-0.25% of mildew preventive and 0.05-0.1% of antioxidant. The preparation method of the feed comprises the steps of: (1) pulverizing the raw materials; (2) weighing according to the proportion and uniformly mixing; (3) regulating in a regulating container, and putting the regulated raw materials into an extrusion granulator for granulating; and (4) drying. According to the feed provided by the invention, no hormone and forbidden drugs are used in the feed, and the feed has no pollution to breeding objects and breeding water and has the advantages of safety, sanitation, environmental protection, balanced nutrition, reasonable components, low cost, good mouthfeel, high feed conversion efficiency, quick fish growth and low pollution to water.

Description

Expanded pellet diet that prevention beard Nian fatty liver and body colour are unusual and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of feed and preparation method thereof, relate in particular to a kind of unusual expanded pellet diet of beard Nian fatty liver and body colour and preparation method thereof that prevents.

Background technology

Beard Nian ( Clarias fuscus) belong to Silurformes beard Nian section, be commonly called as pool carp louse, belong to the torrid zone, subtropical zone fish, be distributed in the Changjiang river and each water body on the south the Changjiang river, for the important breed object of provinces such as Guangdong, Fujian, also be one of main freshwater fish that is exported to the Hong Kong and Macao.Beard Nian is the nutritious consumer goods, is again the invigorant of tool medical value, and because of it is grown soon, premunition is strong, output is high, economic benefit is higher, therefore becomes the breed object that helps the fisherman to get rich.The exploitation of beard Nian mixed feed has at present had Chinese patent CN 101803675 A etc.; But flourish along with beard Nian aquaculture; The particularly development of high density intensive culture; The body colour anomaly of beard Nian and being on the rise of fatty liver, it cultures the major obstacle of development to have become restriction.

The beard Nian that grows under the natural conditions, body colour is dark yellow, liked by the consumer; The beard Nian that propagates artificially, general black in color of body colour or cyan are sold generally bad.Some researchs are to prevention with improve the unusual material of beard Nian body colour and carried out Preliminary screening, such as: cold to army, Li Xiaoqin, Wei Youchuan etc. add the influence of lutein to beard Nian body colour, aquatic product journal in the feed. and 2003,27 (1): 38-42.Cause the reason of beard Nian nutritional fatty liver a lot, comprise that feed nutrition is uneven, feed quality is low, water body environment worsens, lack anti-fattyliver substance etc. in the man-made feeds.Anti-fattyliver substance can promote the body fat metabolism, from reduce fat liver accumulation and fat in time transported the generation of avoiding fatty liver aspect two from the liver transfer.The artifical compound feed can effectively prevent and improve the fatty liver problem of beard Nian and to keep normal body colour appears in the market as yet.

Summary of the invention

To above problem, the present invention aim to provide a kind of balanced in nutrition, component is reasonable, with low cost, can effectively prevent and alleviate the fatty liver problem of beard Nian and the expanded pellet diet of body colour abnormal problem.

A kind of beard Nian fatty liver and unusual expanded pellet diet of body colour of preventing is made up of the following component in the quality percentage composition: fish meal 7-15%, dregs of beans 16-20%, dish dregs of rice 12-15%, cotton dregs 8-10%, inferior powder 15-20%, Strong flour 22-26%, soya-bean oil 3.2-3.6%, mineral salt pre-composition 0.5%, vitamin premix 0.1%, Choline Chloride 0.2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.1-2%, colouring agent 0.1-0.2%, bile acid 0.1-0.2%, radix bupleuri 0.5-1.5%, mould inhibitor 0.1-0.25%, anti-oxidant 0.05-0.1%.

Wherein, the protein content of said fish meal reaches more than 62%, and the protein content of said dregs of beans reaches more than 50%, and the protein content of the said dish dregs of rice reaches more than 40%, and the protein content of said cotton dregs reaches more than 50%.

Said mineral salt pre-composition comprises the following component in the quality percentage composition: magnesium sulfate monohydrate 11.588%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 1.296%, ferrous sulfate monohydrate 10.3%, monohydrate zinc sulphate 1.791%, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.494%, calcium iodate 1.03%, cobaltous sulfate 1.03%, sodium selenite 0.309%, zeolite powder 72.162%.

Said vitamin premix comprises the following component in the quality percentage composition: retinyl acetate 0.63%, vitamin D ₃0.2%, menadione sodium bisulfite 0.7%, vitamin E 5.768%, Cobastab ₁(thiamine mononitrate) 0.51%, Cobastab ₂0.75%, Cobastab ₆0.556%, Cobastab ₁₂0.36%, niacinamide 2.828%, folic acid 0.255%, D-calcium pantothenate 1.633%, D-biotin (2%) 0.25%, L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphoric acid fat 21.429%, inositol 8.163%, ethoxyquinoline 0.515%, defatted rice bran 55.453%.

Contain mass percent in the said colouring agent and be 2.5% canthaxanthin.

Said mould inhibitor is a sodium sorbate.

Said anti-oxidant is a dibutyl hydroxy toluene.

A kind of preparation method who prevents the unusual expanded pellet diet of beard Nian fatty liver and body colour may further comprise the steps:

1) pulverizes raw material, cross 50 mesh sieves respectively;

2) weigh according to forage compounding, adopt the stepwise dilution method that each raw material is mixed;

3) in modulator, feeding temperature is 90 ℃, and quality is 13% water vapour modulation 10min of each component gross mass, makes raw mix under 95 ℃ temperature, get into the granulation of extrusion granulator then;

4) under 100 ℃ of temperature, the oven dry of the feed after expanded is got final product.

Because contain amount of colorant in the feed, the body colour that can effectively prevent and improve beard Nian is unusual; Bile acid in the feed and radix bupleuri can promote the metabolism of fish liver fat, prevention and alleviation fatty liver problem, the immunity of raising fish body.Feed of the present invention does not use any hormone and forbidden drug; Pollution-free to culturing object and breeding water body, have safety, health, environmental friendliness, balanced in nutrition, component is reasonable, with low cost, mouthful property is good, feed efficiency is high, the fish bulk-growth is fast, little to water pollution advantage.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is further specified.

Embodiment 1

A kind of preparation method who prevents the unusual expanded pellet diet of beard Nian fatty liver and body colour may further comprise the steps:

1) pulverizes raw material, cross 50 mesh sieves respectively;

2) weigh according to the proportioning of fish meal 7%, dregs of beans 20%, the dish dregs of rice 15%, cotton dregs 10 %, inferior powder 15%, Strong flour 25 %, soya-bean oil 3.6%, magnesium sulfate monohydrate 0.05794%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.00648%, ferrous sulfate monohydrate 0.0515%, monohydrate zinc sulphate 0.008955%, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.00247%, calcium iodate 0.00515%, cobaltous sulfate 0.00515%, sodium selenite 0.001545%, zeolite powder 0.36081%, retinyl acetate 0.00063%, cholecalciferol 0.0002%, menadione sodium bisulfite 0.0007%, vitamin E 0.005768%, vitamin B1 (thiamine mononitrate) 0.00051%, vitamin B2 0.00075%, vitamin B6 0.000556%, cobalamin 0.00036%, niacinamide 0.002828%, folic acid 0.000255%, D-calcium pantothenate 0.001633%, D-biotin (2%) 0.00025%, L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphoric acid fat 0.021429%, inositol 0.008163%, ethoxyquinoline 0.000515%, defatted rice bran 0.055453%, Choline Chloride 0.2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, colouring agent 0.2%, bile acid 0.15%, radix bupleuri 1%, sodium sorbate 0.2%, dibutyl hydroxy toluene 0.05%, adopt the stepwise dilution method that each raw material is mixed;

3) in modulator, feeding temperature is 90 ℃, and quality is 13% water vapour modulation 10min of each component gross mass, makes raw mix under 95 ℃ temperature, get into the granulation of extrusion granulator then;

4) under 100 ℃ of temperature, the oven dry of the feed after expanded is got final product.

Embodiment 2:

Its preparation method and embodiment 1 are roughly the same, and different is that proportioning raw materials is counted according to percentage by weight: fish meal 10%, dregs of beans 18%, the dish dregs of rice 13%, cotton dregs 10%, inferior powder 20%, Strong flour 22%, soya-bean oil 3.5%, mineral salt pre-composition 0.5%, vitamin premix 0.1%, Choline Chloride 0.2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.3%, colouring agent 0.2%, bile acid 0.2%, radix bupleuri 0.8%, mould inhibitor 0.1%, anti-oxidant 0.1%; Wherein contain mass percent in this colouring agent and be 2.5% canthaxanthin.

Control experiment:

Be in 2 mu the pond at the about 1.2m area of the depth of water; Expanded pellet diet and general goods clarias fuscus feed with embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 is the feeding feed respectively; Wherein, the commodity clarias fuscus feed prescription of control group employing is: imported fish meal 5.5%, digested tankage 7%, peanut press pulp 8%, dregs of beans 20.8%, the dish dregs of rice 5%, corn protein powder 5%, corn 18%, inferior powder 18.18%, flour 10%, fish oil 1.5%, premix 1%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, Vc ester 0.02%, Choline Chloride 0.3%, salt 0.3%.

Raise the beard Nian of the about 130g of body weight respectively according to conventional method, the culture-cycle is 50d.Experiment is added up its growth data of ingesting, body colour and liver body and is compared index after finishing.

Result such as following table:

Table 1

?	End counterpoise (g)	Rate of body weight gain (%)	Feed coefficient	The liver body is than (%)	The apparent natural rate of interest of body colour (%)
						Control group	192.5	47.2	1.78	1.87±0.05	72.5
Embodiment 1	200.7	53.8	1.63	1.15±0.07	100
						Embodiment 2	199.4	53.0	1.67	1.11±0.19	98.0

Experimental result shows: the growing state of the beard Nian that embodiment 1 and embodiment are 2 groups slightly is superior to control group; And the feed coefficient of embodiment 1 and 2 groups has reduced by 8.4% and 6.2% respectively than control group; Embodiment 1 compares than with control group with 2 groups liver body and has reduced by 38.5% and 40.6%, can effectively reduce the generation of beard Nian fatty liver.The perusal result shows, the normal ratio of beard Nian body colour of embodiment 1 and 2 groups is respectively 100% and 98.0%, apparently higher than 72.5% of control group.

Embodiment 3:

Its preparation method and embodiment 1 are roughly the same, and different is that proportioning raw materials is counted according to percentage by weight: fish meal 15%, dregs of beans 16%, the dish dregs of rice 12%, cotton dregs 8%, inferior powder 16%, Strong flour 26%, soya-bean oil 3.2%, mineral salt pre-composition 0.5%, vitamin premix 0.1%, Choline Chloride 0.2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.1%, colouring agent 0.2%, bile acid 0.15%, radix bupleuri 1.2%, mould inhibitor 0.25%, anti-oxidant 0.1%.

Control experiment:

Carry out the cage culture experiment in cultivation base, extra large large group sea-gull island; Select apparent health; The size homogeneous; The beard Nian of the initial about 50g of body weight makes an experiment; Compare experiment with the clarias fuscus feed of embodiment 3 and common beard Nian commercial feed, wherein, the commodity clarias fuscus feed prescription that control group adopts is: imported fish meal 5.5%, digested tankage 7%, peanut press pulp 8%, dregs of beans 20.8%, the dish dregs of rice 5%, corn protein powder 5%, corn 18%, inferior powder 18.18%, flour 10%, fish oil 1.5%, premix 1%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, Vc ester 0.02%, Choline Chloride 0.3%, salt 0.3%.Every kind of feed is provided with 6 repetitions, and 3 months culture-cycles, experiment is added up its growth data of ingesting, liver body ratio, hepatic fat content, pigment content after finishing.

Its result such as following table:

Table 2

?	End counterpoise (g)	Feed coefficient	The liver body is than (%)	Hepatic fat content (%)	Skin lutein content (mg/kg)
						Control group	192.3±4.2	1.69±0.09	1.87±0.05	17.3±3.71	5.31±0.03
Embodiment 3	192.7±3.9	1.57±0.12	1.11±0.07	12.3±4.03	8.78±0.05

Experimental result shows, though heavy the comparing with control group of experiment fish opisthosoma of 3 groups of embodiment do not have clear superiority, its feed coefficient is compared with control group and reduced by 7.1%.Liver body ratio and the hepatic fat content of 3 groups of beard Nian of embodiment have reduced by 40.6% and 28.8% than control group respectively, can effectively reduce the generation of fatty liver.

In addition; The content that we have measured wild beard Nian skin lutein is 8.2mg/kg; This skin lutein deposition that shows control group fish body is on the low side, and the skin lutein accumulation of 3 groups of beard Nian of embodiment and wild individuality are very approaching, can effectively guarantee to propagate artificially the normal body colour of beard Nian.

Claims (7)

1. one kind is prevented beard Nian fatty liver and the unusual expanded pellet diet of body colour; It is characterized in that said expanded pellet diet is made up of the following component in the quality percentage composition: fish meal 7-15%, dregs of beans 16-20%, dish dregs of rice 12-15%, cotton dregs 8-10%, inferior powder 15-20%, Strong flour 22-26%, soya-bean oil 3.2-3.6%, mineral salt pre-composition 0.5%, vitamin premix 0.1%, Choline Chloride 0.2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.1-2%, colouring agent 0.1-0.2%, bile acid 0.1-0.2%, radix bupleuri 0.5-1.5%, mould inhibitor 0.1-0.25%, anti-oxidant 0.05-0.1%.

2. expanded pellet diet as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that said mineral salt pre-composition is made up of the following component in the quality percentage composition: magnesium sulfate monohydrate 11.588%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 1.296%, ferrous sulfate monohydrate 10.3%, monohydrate zinc sulphate 1.791%, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.494%, calcium iodate 1.03%, cobaltous sulfate 1.03%, sodium selenite 0.309%, zeolite powder 72.162%.

3. expanded pellet diet as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said vitamin premix is made up of the following component in the quality percentage composition: retinyl acetate 0.63%, vitamin D ₃0.2%, menadione sodium bisulfite 0.7%, vitamin E 5.768%, Cobastab ₁(thiamine mononitrate) 0.51%, Cobastab ₂0.75%, Cobastab ₆0.556%, Cobastab ₁₂0.36%, niacinamide 2.828%, folic acid 0.255%, D-calcium pantothenate 1.633%, D-biotin (2%) 0.25%, L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphoric acid fat 21.429%, inositol 8.163%, ethoxyquinoline 0.515%, defatted rice bran 55.453%.

4. expanded pellet diet as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, contains mass percent in the said colouring agent and be 2.5% canthaxanthin.

5. expanded pellet diet as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said mould inhibitor is a sodium sorbate.

6. expanded pellet diet as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said anti-oxidant is a dibutyl hydroxy toluene.

7. a preparation method who prevents the unusual expanded pellet diet of beard Nian fatty liver and body colour is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

1) pulverizes raw material, cross 50 mesh sieves respectively;

2) weigh according to forage compounding, adopt the stepwise dilution method that each raw material is mixed;

3) in modulator, feeding temperature is 90 ℃, and quality is 13% water vapour modulation 10min of each component gross mass, makes raw mix under 95 ℃ temperature, get into the granulation of extrusion granulator then;

4) under 100 ℃ of temperature, the oven dry of the feed after expanded is got final product.