CN102696301B - Method for enhancing germination rate of litsea cubeba seeds - Google Patents
Method for enhancing germination rate of litsea cubeba seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN102696301B CN102696301B CN 201210220909 CN201210220909A CN102696301B CN 102696301 B CN102696301 B CN 102696301B CN 201210220909 CN201210220909 CN 201210220909 CN 201210220909 A CN201210220909 A CN 201210220909A CN 102696301 B CN102696301 B CN 102696301B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method of economical seeds of trees, and particularly relates to a method for enhancing germination rate of litsea cubeba seeds. The method comprises the following steps of: step 1, fermenting the fruits of the litsea cubeba; step 2, drying in air and treating at a low temperature; step 3, acid treatment: moving the litsea cubeba seeds subjected to the low temperature treatment from a refrigeration house, carrying out sulfuric acid treatment on the seeds for 0.5-5.5h, carrying out hydrochloric acid treatment on the seeds for 2-6h, and carrying out formicacid treatment on the seeds for 1-5h; cleaning the seeds subjected to the above treatments by clean water for later use; and step 4, accelerating germination by gibberellin: dipping the litsea cubebaseeds by the gibberellin before seed breeding, and sowing the seeds after being subjected to the treatments. The method provided by the invention uses the approach of the fruit fermentation, the acidtreatment of seeds and the accelerating germination by gibberellin to enhance the germination rate and emergence rate of litsea cubeba seeds and accelerate the propagation of the nursery stocks of litsea cubeba. By the implementation of the method provided by the invention, the germination rate of litsea cubeba seeds is increased to 68.7-83.3% from 7.3%.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of economic tree, particularly a kind of method that improves fruit of a cubeb litsea tree percentage of seedgermination.
Background technology:
The fruit of a cubeb litsea tree (Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.) is Lauraceae Litsea plant, is one of distinctive important aromatic plant resource of China.Fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit is rich in volatile aromatic oil---litsea cubeba oil.Fruit of a cubeb litsea tree main body of oil is citral, is the primary raw material of pharmaceutically making multivitamin and preparation essence (food, cosmetics and fragrance for detergents).In addition, litsea cubeba oil still is the fresh-keeping and preservative of extraordinary natural plants, have anti-oxidant, anticorrosion, sterilization, anthelmintic action, be usually used in preventing and treating yellow mould, green mold and the bituminous coal disease of various crops, can also be used for eliminating the carcinogen aflatoxins of grain depot, eliminate destructive insects, mosquito proof etc., is claimed " miracle of guarantor's grain ", " sterilization and insect prevention expert ".Its citral content of litsea cubeba oil of the existing kind of China reaches as high as 90% up to 60%～80%, is higher than other external kind far away.Citral can synthesize irisone series spices, comprises irisone, methylionone and corresponding alcohol, ester compounds.Irisone series spices has pleasant fragrance such as violet stock violet, is the important source material of the senior essence of modulation, is widely used in daily-use chemical industry such as the cosmetics of super quality, perfumed soap and the food production.Ton surplus China's litsea cubeba oil annual production 20000 is maximum in the world producing country and exported country, and annual export volume reaches about 3500 tons, and product is found a good sale in states such as U.S., day, English, method, moral, Switzerland, Holland, enjoys great prestige both at home and abroad.
Fruit of a cubeb litsea tree adaptability is strong, in areas such as China Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong distribution is arranged all, is a kind of very good quick growing species of trees, and industrialization prospect is very wide; Fruit of a cubeb litsea tree happiness light or anti-slightly shade, shallow root, in Chang Sheng and deserted mountain, wasteland, the shrubbery or sparse woods are interior, border and roadside, rudiment is strong, uses seminal propagation; The fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed dormancy phase is long, and it is very slow to germinate, and after planting need just had indivedual sproutings in about 50 days, and the duration of germinateing is very long, can be for 2 years; Fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seedling-wood breeding is the most basic and most important sport technique segment of industry development, and seed seedling-raising is the topmost mating system of the present fruit of a cubeb litsea tree.But, because hard, the wax bed thickness of fruit of a cubeb litsea tree kind shell, presprouting of seeds difficulty, germination rate and emergence rate are low.
Summary of the invention:
In sum, the invention provides a kind of method that improves fruit of a cubeb litsea tree percentage of seedgermination, this method is the outstanding problem that exists at China's fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed seedling-raising, adopts measures such as fruit fermentation, seed acid treatment, gibberellin vernalization to improve fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed germination rate.Result of study shows, adopt measures such as fruit fermentation, seed acid treatment, gibberellin vernalization, seed germinating time be can significantly shorten, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree percentage of seedgermination and emergence rate improved, accelerated fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seedling propagation speed, adopt method provided by the invention, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree germination rate reaches 68.7% ~ 83.3%.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of method that improves fruit of a cubeb litsea tree percentage of seedgermination, this method may further comprise the steps:
The first step, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit fermentation process: the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree ripening fruits that will gather then, in 25 ℃ ~ 60 ℃ environment, cover after fermentation 2 ~ 8 days with plastic film, pericarp is rotted, with clear water that the rinsing of fruit of a cubeb litsea tree pericarp is clean then;
Second step, airing and low temperature treatment: 10 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ of temperature, airing is 5 ~ 10 days in relative air humidity 20% ~ 60% environment with the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed after the rinsing, puts in 0.5 ℃ ~ 6.0 ℃ freezers low temperature treatment then 15 ~ 30 days;
The 3rd step, acid treatment: will take out of from freezer through the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed after the low temperature treatment, use the sulfuric acid treatment 0.5 ~ 5.5 hour of mass fraction 1% ~ 20% then, use the salt acid treatment 2 ~ 6 hours of mass fraction 2% ~ 30% again, use the formic acid of mass fraction 2% ~ 30% to handle again 1 ~ 5 hour, to handle the back seed through said method rinses well with clear water, be standard not drip, standby;
The 4th step, gibberellin vernalization: before the breeding fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed was soaked seed 1 ~ 5 hour with the gibberellin of 10 ~ 500mg/kg, can sow through above-mentioned seeds treated;
The 5th step, work bed and sowing: elder generation turns over soil one time before growing seedlings, and executes urea 30 ~ 60 kg for every mu, and the leveling rake is thin, make high bed, high 15 ~ 25 cm of bed surface, wide 40 ~ 60 cm, pavement 25 ~ 35 cm in sowing on 20 ~ March 20 February in every year, adopt drilling method, each bed surface sowing two row, line-spacing 20 ~ 30cm sown scope 5 ~ 6 cm, the trench digging degree of depth 2 ~ 3 cm, sow behind the trench digging, seeding quantity is grasped per 20 cm apart from 10～15 of sowing, and every mu of sowing 10 ~ 20 kg are after planting about earthing 2 cm;
The 6th step, seedbed seedling period management: after planting in time spray water to keep the skin wet according to bed surface humidity, water after coming up 1～2 time, when treating that seedling grows 4 true leaves, overstocked seedling is carried out a transplantation of seedlings, transplant the about 8 ~ 10cm of back seedling spacing in the rows.
Further, described the 3rd step acid treatment: will take out of from freezer through the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed after the low temperature treatment, use the sulfuric acid treatment 0.5 ~ 5.5 hour of mass fraction 2.5% ~ 15% then, use the salt acid treatment 2 ~ 6 hours of mass fraction 5% ~ 25% again, use the formic acid of mass fraction 5% ~ 25% to handle again 1 ~ 5 hour, to handle the back seed through said method and rinse well with clear water, be standard not drip, standby.
Further, described the 3rd step acid treatment: will take out of from freezer through the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed after the low temperature treatment, use the sulfuric acid treatment 0.5 ~ 5.5 hour of mass fraction 7.5% ~ 15% then, use the salt acid treatment 2 ~ 6 hours of mass fraction 15% ~ 25% again, use the formic acid of mass fraction 15% ~ 25% to handle again 1 ~ 5 hour, to handle the back seed through said method and rinse well with clear water, be standard not drip, standby.
Further, described the 3rd step acid treatment: will take out of from freezer through the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed after the low temperature treatment, use the sulfuric acid treatment 1.5 hours of mass fraction 7.5% then, use the salt acid treatment 2 hours of mass fraction 15% again, handled 2 hours with the formic acid of mass fraction 15% again, to handle the back seed through said method and rinse well with clear water, be standard not drip, standby.
Further, described the 4th step gibberellin vernalization: before the breeding fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed was soaked seed 1 ~ 5 hour with the gibberellin of 50 ~ 400mg/kg, can sow through above-mentioned seeds treated.
Further, described the 4th step gibberellin vernalization: before the breeding fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed was soaked seed 1 ~ 5 hour with the gibberellin of 200 ~ 400mg/kg, can sow through above-mentioned seeds treated.
Further, described the 4th step gibberellin vernalization: before the breeding fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed was soaked seed 2.5 hours with the gibberellin of 200mg/kg, can sow through above-mentioned seeds treated.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the present invention adopts measures such as fruit fermentation, seed acid treatment, gibberellin vernalization, seed germinating time be can significantly shorten, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree percentage of seedgermination and emergence rate improved, accelerated fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seedling propagation speed, by enforcement of the present invention, percentage of seedgermination brings up to 68.7% ~ 83.3% by 7. 3%.
2, by evidence: the seed germination rate of not taking the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree of handling only 7.2%; Adopt mechanical means, remove hard kind of shell after the seed breakage rate up to 30% ~ 70%, germination rate 35% ~ 42%, but the seed availability is low; Adopt ash to rub seed, use H
2O
2Seed soaking, its germination rate is 39.4% ~ 71.2%; Adopt method provided by the invention, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree germination rate is up to 68.7% ~ 83.3%; See table 1 for details.
3, the application of the technology of the present invention has been alleviated present fruit of a cubeb litsea tree production to the great demand of nursery stock, can increase substantially the industrialization level of China's fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seedling breeding simultaneously, promotes the continual and steady development of fruit of a cubeb litsea tree industry.
Below with the data in the table 1 experimental result that the present invention compares with other method is described:
Table 1 method of the present invention and control treatment fruit of a cubeb litsea tree percentage of seedgermination are relatively
| Handle | Germination rate (%) |
| Method of the present invention | 68.7~83.3% |
| Contrast 1(water seaoning) | 7.2 |
| Contrast 2(mechanical crushing method) | 37.6 |
| Contrast 3(ash is rubbed the seed law, 15%H 2O 2Soaked seed 5 hours) | 51.3 |
Embodiment:
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of method that improves fruit of a cubeb litsea tree percentage of seedgermination, this method may further comprise the steps:
The first step, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit fermentation process: the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree ripening fruits that will gather then, in 25 ℃ of environment, cover after fermentation 8 days with plastic film, pericarp is rotted, with clear water that the rinsing of fruit of a cubeb litsea tree pericarp is clean then;
Second step, airing and low temperature treatment: 10 ℃ of temperature, airing is 10 days in relative air humidity 20% environment with the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed after the rinsing, puts in 6.0 ℃ of freezers low temperature treatment then 30 days;
The 3rd step, acid treatment: will take out of from freezer through the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed after the low temperature treatment, use the sulfuric acid treatment 5 hours of mass fraction 1% then, use the salt acid treatment 6 hours of mass fraction 2% again, handled 5 hours with the formic acid of mass fraction 2% again, to rinse well with clear water through the said method seeds treated, be standard not drip, standby;
The 4th step, gibberellin vernalization: earlier fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed was soaked seed 5 hours with the gibberellin of 10mg/kg before the breeding, then seeds treated is sowed, germination rate after planting is 68.7%;
The 5th step, work bed and sowing: elder generation turns over soil one time before growing seedlings, and executes urea 30 kg for every mu, and the leveling rake is thin, make high bed, high 15 cm of bed surface, wide 40 cm, pavement 25 cm in sowing on the February 20 in every year, adopt drilling method, each bed surface sowing two row, line-spacing 20cm sown scope 5 cm, the trench digging degree of depth 2 cm, sow behind the trench digging, seeding quantity is grasped per 20 cm apart from 10 of sowing, and every mu of sowing 10 kg are after planting about earthing 2 cm;
The 6th step, seedbed seedling period management: after planting in time spray water to keep the skin wet according to bed surface humidity, water after coming up 1 time, when treating that seedling grows 4 true leaves, overstocked seedling is carried out a transplantation of seedlings, transplant the about 8cm of back seedling spacing in the rows.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method that improves fruit of a cubeb litsea tree percentage of seedgermination, this method may further comprise the steps:
The first step, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit fermentation process: the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree ripening fruits that will gather then, in 60 ℃ of environment, cover after fermentation 2 days with plastic film, pericarp is rotted, with clear water that the rinsing of fruit of a cubeb litsea tree pericarp is clean then;
Second step, airing and low temperature treatment: 25 ℃ of temperature, airing is 5 days in relative air humidity 60% environment with the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed after the rinsing, puts in 0.5 ℃ of freezer low temperature treatment then 15 days;
The 3rd step, acid treatment: will take out of from freezer through the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed after the low temperature treatment, use the sulfuric acid treatment 1.5 hours of mass fraction 7.5% then, use the salt acid treatment 2 hours of mass fraction 15% again, handled 2 hours with the formic acid of mass fraction 15% again, to handle the back seed through said method rinses well with clear water, be standard not drip, standby;
The 4th step, gibberellin vernalization: before the breeding fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed was soaked seed 2.5 hours with the gibberellin of 200mg/kg, can sow through above-mentioned seeds treated, germination rate after planting is 83.3%;
The 5th step, work bed and sowing: elder generation turns over soil one time before growing seedlings, and executes urea 45 kg for every mu, and the leveling rake is thin, make high bed, high 20 cm of bed surface, wide 50 cm, pavement 30 cm, drilling method is adopted in sowing at the beginning of 3 months of every year, each bed surface sowing two row, line-spacing 25cm sown scope 5 cm, the trench digging degree of depth 2 cm, sow behind the trench digging, seeding quantity is grasped per 20 cm apart from 12 of sowing, and every mu of sowing 15 kg are after planting about earthing 2 cm;
The 6th step, seedbed seedling period management: after planting in time spray water to keep the skin wet according to bed surface humidity, water twice after coming up, when treating that seedling grows 4 true leaves, overstocked seedling is carried out a transplantation of seedlings, transplant the about 8cm of back seedling spacing in the rows.
Embodiment 3:
The first step, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit fermentation process: the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree ripening fruits that will gather then, in 40 ℃ of environment, cover after fermentation 4 days with plastic film, pericarp is rotted, with clear water that the rinsing of fruit of a cubeb litsea tree pericarp is clean then;
Second step, airing and low temperature treatment: 15 ℃ of temperature, airing is 7 days in relative air humidity 40% environment with the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed after the rinsing, puts in 4.0 ℃ of freezers low temperature treatment then 20 days;
The 3rd step, acid treatment: will take out of from freezer through the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed after the low temperature treatment, use the sulfuric acid treatment 0.5 hour of mass fraction 15% then, use the salt acid treatment 2 hours of mass fraction 25% again, handled 2 hours with the formic acid of mass fraction 25% again, to handle the back seed through said method rinses well with clear water, be standard not drip, standby;
The 4th step, gibberellin vernalization: before the breeding fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed was soaked seed 1 hour with the gibberellin of 400mg/kg, can sow through above-mentioned seeds treated, germination rate after planting is 80.3%;
The 5th step, work bed and sowing: elder generation turns over soil one time before growing seedlings, and executes urea 60 kg for every mu, and the leveling rake is thin, makes high.High 25 cm of bed surface, wide 60 cm, pavement 35 cm in sowing on the March 20 in every year, adopt drilling method, each bed surface sowing two row, line-spacing 30cm sown scope 6 cm.The trench digging degree of depth 3 cm sow behind the trench digging, and seeding quantity is grasped per 20 cm apart from 15 of sowing, and every mu of sowing 20 kg are after planting about earthing 2 cm;
The 6th step, seedbed seedling period management: after planting in time spray water to keep the skin wet according to bed surface humidity, water after coming up 2 times, when treating that seedling grows 4 true leaves, overstocked seedling is carried out a transplantation of seedlings, transplant the about 10cm of back seedling spacing in the rows.
Embodiment 4 ~ 6 is identical with the concrete steps of embodiment 1, and its difference is the 3rd step acid treatment and the gibberellin vernalization of the 4th step, specifically sees Table 2.
Claims (3)
1. a method that improves fruit of a cubeb litsea tree percentage of seedgermination is characterized in that, its method may further comprise the steps:
The first step, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit fermentation process: the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree ripening fruits that will gather then, in 25 ℃ ~ 60 ℃ environment, cover after fermentation 2 ~ 8 days with plastic film, pericarp is rotted, with clear water that the rinsing of fruit of a cubeb litsea tree pericarp is clean then;
Second step, airing and low temperature treatment: 10 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ of temperature, airing is 5 ~ 10 days in relative air humidity 20% ~ 60% environment with the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed after the rinsing, puts in 0.5 ℃ ~ 6.0 ℃ freezers low temperature treatment then 15 ~ 30 days;
The 3rd step, acid treatment: will take out of from freezer through the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed after the low temperature treatment, use the sulfuric acid treatment 0.5 ~ 5.5 hour of mass fraction 1% ~ 20% then, use the salt acid treatment 2 ~ 6 hours of mass fraction 2% ~ 30% again, use the formic acid of mass fraction 2% ~ 30% to handle again 1 ~ 5 hour, to handle the back seed through said method rinses well with clear water, be standard not drip, standby;
The 4th step, gibberellin vernalization: before the breeding fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed was soaked seed 1 ~ 5 hour with the gibberellin of 10 ~ 500mg/kg, can sow through above-mentioned seeds treated.
2. a kind of method that improves fruit of a cubeb litsea tree percentage of seedgermination according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described the 3rd step acid treatment: will take out of from freezer through the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed after the low temperature treatment, use the sulfuric acid treatment 1.5 hours of mass fraction 7.5% then, use the salt acid treatment 2 hours of mass fraction 15% again, handled 2 hours with the formic acid of mass fraction 15% again, to handle the back seed through said method and rinse well with clear water, be standard not drip, standby.
3. a kind of method that improves fruit of a cubeb litsea tree percentage of seedgermination according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described the 4th step gibberellin vernalization: before the breeding fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed was soaked seed 2.5 hours with the gibberellin of 200mg/kg, can sow through above-mentioned seeds treated.
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| CN104396661A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-03-11 | 周琪 | Pseudotsuga brevifolia seedling-raising method |
| CN107371779A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2017-11-24 | 安顺鸿祥绿色产业有限责任公司 | A kind of fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seed seedling-raising method |
| CN107624475A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-26 | 贵州黔中香绿色产业有限责任公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree |
| CN108156880A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-06-15 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings for improving greenleaf piptanthus seed seeding ratio |
| CN108541408A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-09-18 | 达州市农业科学研究院（达州市苎麻科学研究所达州市薯类作物研究所） | A method of improving fruit of a cubeb litsea tree seeding ratio |
| CN110226439B (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2022-07-05 | 河西学院 | Dormancy breaking method for tangut white thorn |
| CN109511309B (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2021-02-02 | 中南林业科技大学 | Method for improving germination rate and germination rate stability of litsea cubeba seeds |
| CN110012693A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-07-16 | 海盐森植生物科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of cinnamomum camphora |
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