CN102686433A - 混合式驱动系 - Google Patents

混合式驱动系 Download PDF

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CN102686433A
CN102686433A CN2010800290733A CN201080029073A CN102686433A CN 102686433 A CN102686433 A CN 102686433A CN 2010800290733 A CN2010800290733 A CN 2010800290733A CN 201080029073 A CN201080029073 A CN 201080029073A CN 102686433 A CN102686433 A CN 102686433A
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motor
drive
gear
combustion engine
friction clutch
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CN102686433B (zh
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J·A·莱思布里奇
D·赖茨
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4808—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox output shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • F16H2061/0425—Bridging torque interruption
    • F16H2061/0433—Bridging torque interruption by torque supply with an electric motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/006—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及混合式驱动系，其设有内燃机、电机及自动的换挡变速器，该换挡变速器具有变速器输入轴与变速器输出轴，该变速器输出轴具有用于置入作为挡位起作用的、设置在该变速器输入轴与该变速器输出轴之间的齿轮对的换挡致动器，该驱动系还设有单一一个设在该内燃机的曲轴与该换挡变速器的该变速器输入轴之间的自动的摩擦离合器。为了能借助单一一个摩擦离合器实现电动行驶、不影响内燃机的拖动转矩的再生和借助该电机实现内燃机的启动，本发明提出，所述电机能择一地在曲轴与换挡变速器之间转换。

Description

混合式驱动系
技术领域
本发明涉及设有一个内燃机，一个电机及一个自动的换挡变速器以及单一一个设在内燃机的曲轴与换挡变速器的变速器输入轴之间的自动的摩擦离合器的混合式驱动系。
背景技术
上述类型的驱动系已被提出使用应用于汽车中。例如可用与曲轴连接的电机在摩擦离合器打开的情况下起动内燃机及实现助力运行，其中电机尤其在汽车加速期间支持内燃机。纯电动运行或再生-即在推力运行时汽车在其制动的情况下其动能的转换-仅可有限地实现，因为内燃机的拖动转矩起干扰作用并使效率降低。
由DE 199 60 621 A1公知了一种用于汽车的驱动系，其中在内燃机与变速器之间设置了单一一个摩擦离合器。对变速器配置了一个电机，该电机可选择地与变速器输入轴或变速器输出轴连接，以致在摩擦离合器打开及内燃机可能停止的情况下可用电机电动地运行或起动。在此情况下变速器输入轴与变速器输出轴之间的转换可实现电机特性的更好利用如选择地使用或不使用变速器的变速比及在电机与变速器输出轴之间添加另一变速级。内燃机的起动必需能实现，其方式是电机与变速器输出轴连接，在变速器中所有的挡位空置及摩擦离合器闭合。尤其在低温时变速器输入轴的拖动损耗增高了电机效率及电池的效率在该温度下也很小。此外尤其在起动/停车运行状态中例如在堵车或在交通信号灯处的重新起动仅可很差地、即延时地实现，因为在内燃机起动后还必需置入一个起动挡位。
发明内容
因此本发明的任务在于，提出一种尤其用于汽车的在内燃机与变速器之间设有单一一个摩擦离合器的混合式驱动系，其电机能以高的效率实现其功能即内燃机的起动、再生、电动行驶、助力运行及变速器换挡期间牵引力的电动补偿。
该任务将通过用于汽车的驱动系来解决，它设有一个内燃机，一个电机及一个自动的换挡变速器，该自动的换挡变速器具有一个变速器输入轴与一个变速器输出轴，该变速器输出轴具有用于置入作为挡位起作用的、设置在该变速器输入轴与该变速器输出轴之间的齿轮对的换挡致动器，该驱动系还设有单一一个设在内燃机的曲轴与换挡变速器的变速器输入轴之间的自动的摩擦离合器，其解决在于：可在曲轴与变速器两者之间选择一个与电机连接。在此情况下电机可直接地或借助另一换挡离合器可转换地与变速器输入轴和/或变速器输出轴连接。
因此被证实有利的是，电机的转换可与变速器的换挡状态无关地进行，以致电机似乎可在任何置入挡上与曲轴及变速器输入轴连接并在换挡期间也可转换电机。在此情况下以有利的方式不设置附加的致动器而是借助换挡致动器来转换电机。为此设置相应的转换装置如具有滑移套筒、换挡叉及换挡轨的换挡离合器及为了换挡将换挡离合器排列在挡上或挡之间。在此情况下可通过一个挡的齿轮对实现对变速器输入轴或变速器输出轴的连接，以致在电机转换到变速器的情况下电机可在挡置入的情况下与变速器输入轴及变速器输出轴连接及仅在挡置出的情况下与变速器输入轴连接。
根据一个有利的实施例挡位及电机的转换例如借助一个由一个或多个电动机驱动的、可两维移动的、具有至少一个操作部件的转换轴、例如包括一个换挡指和/或辅助操作部件的换挡致动器，其中在转换轴的第一运动方向上、例如当转换轴纵向运动时由该至少一个操作部件选择一个转换位置及在一个相对第一运动方向基本上垂直延伸的转换轴的第二运动方向上、例如当其转动时由一个零位置出发借助该至少一个操作部件来转换。在此情况下一个第一操作部件如换挡指在一个挡位换挡后返回移动到零位置中及选择地通过第一运动方向的选择转换电机，其中第二操作部件选择地将置入的挡位稳定在其转换位置中或在置入另一挡位时在转换轴的同一运动期间使已置入的挡位置出。这种换挡原理已以主动联锁的名称被公知及例如详细地描述在DE 102 065 61 A1中。以此方式电机的转换可与挡位的转换无关。在此情况下提出，电机由第一或一个第二操作部件在曲轴，零位置及变速器之间、例如轴变速器输入轴和/或变速器输出轴之间转换。
根据一个有利的实施例一个空调压缩机可直接地或可耦合地与电机连接，以致可优选地在电机无需工作的情况下由该电机驱动空调压缩机。另一方面空调压缩机可在电机不工作或通过与变速器的连接仅以部分负载工作例如在非再生的拖动运行的情况下被驱动。
所提出的驱动系适合于在摩擦离合器打开时及电机与曲轴连接时借助电机以高效率来起动内燃机。在此情况下通过与曲轴的直接连接及脱离变速器部件的拖动转矩而达到一个特别高的效率。在电机与变速器连接的情况下以理想方式可在摩擦离合器打开与内燃机无关地借助电机来起动、运行及在推力运行时通过由电机将动能转换成电能进行再生。在此情况下将置入一个具有合适变速比的相应挡位。其中内燃机例如可空载地运行或停止。为了使汽车特别有效地制动可在不计较再生效率降低的情况下附加地至少部分地闭合摩擦离合器，以便达到更快的减速，对此其方式是在停车时优选地利用内燃机的拖动转矩。
在摩擦离合器滑动或闭合的情况下电机及内燃机可共同地工作在助力运行中。
特别有利地在电机与变速器输出轴连接或可连接的情况下视牵引还是推力行驶状态及向上还是向回换挡而定在一个换挡期间通过电机相应的驱动或被驱动状态输入转矩或导出转矩。
附图说明
以下借助在唯一附图中所示的实施例来详细描述本发明。该图以概要的图示方式表示一个混合式的驱动系。
具体实施方式
图1以概要的图示方式表示驱动系1，该图为了更好地概览变速器的布局起见不是给出各部分的真正几何布置。驱动系1包括一个具有一个曲轴3的内燃机2-这里为一个内燃机的形式，一个自动操作的摩擦离合器被固定地接收在该曲轴上。其输出部分与自动的换挡变速器6的变速器输入轴5固定地连接。在换挡变速器6中在变速器输入轴5与变速器输出轴12之间设有用于构成挡位I，II，III，IV，R的多个齿轮对7，8，9，10，11，其中挡位R为倒车挡，这些齿轮对各通过差动装置13与驱动轮14连接。
齿轮对7，8，9，10，11各通过一个固定齿轮15，16，17，18，19与一个空套齿轮20，21，22，23，24并在挡位R的情况下附加地通过一个反向齿轮25来构成。在一个预期的挡位换挡时空套齿轮20，21，22，23，24各由一个换挡离合器26，27，28与相应的轴如变速器输入轴5或变速器输出轴12连接。为此使用了一个未示出的换挡致动器，该换挡致动器根据H型转换原理通过一个带有一个操作部件的转换轴在在一个选择通道中的纵向运动起动一个相应的换挡离合器26，27，28及通过转动导入相应的挡位，其中除具有一个单独的换挡离合器28的倒车挡位R外，其它的挡位各成对地通过转换轴转动方向的选择被一个换挡离合器26，27导入。所示的实施例表示换挡变速器6具有五个挡位I，II，III，IV，R。可以理解，其它的挡位数目及在换挡离合器26，27，28上各个齿轮对7，8，9，10的变速比的其它设置及分配及它们在变速器输入轴5或变速器输出轴12上的布置均包括在本发明中。
在所示的实施例中电机29可借助另一由换挡致动器操作的换挡离合器30选择地通过与摩擦离合器4的输入部分并由此与曲轴3固定连接的固定齿轮34连接或通过挡位I-该挡可为起动挡-的空套齿轮20与换挡变速器6连接，该换挡离合器30使空套齿轮31，32与辅助轴33连接或调节到中立位置，在该中立位置上无空套齿轮31，32与辅助轴33连接及电机29完全与驱动系1去耦合。电机29在空套齿轮32入挡时通过对空套齿轮20的连接并通过挡位I的固定齿轮15与变速器输出轴12形成旋转耦合的连接。如果被换入挡I则附加地产生了对变速器输入轴5的连接。空套齿轮32与固定齿轮35固定地连接，固定齿轮35与设置在转子轴36上的固定齿轮37啮合及置入一个预定的变速比。一个空调压缩机38与转子轴36同轴地设置并由该转子轴驱动。电机29视其作为电动机还是发电机而定将由蓄电池39供给电能或使电能储存到该蓄电池中。
换挡离合器30被设置成与换挡离合器26，27，28一起通过换挡致动器来共同操作。在此情况下换挡致动器由此根据主动联锁原理被设置成相应的操作装置，以致在一个置入的挡位I，II，III，IV，R上附加地并与这些挡的换挡状态无关地借助换挡离合器30使电机29连接到曲轴3上或变速器输出轴12上。
由该结构主要得到以下的工作方式：
起动内燃机2：
操作换挡离合器30及由此使空套齿轮31与固定齿轮34连接，以致电机29连接到曲轴3。打开摩擦离合器4。使电机29通电及由此起动内燃机2。在此情况下可置入一个起动挡位，例如挡位II，由此仅需闭合摩擦离合器4即可立即开车。
用电机29驱动：
操作换挡离合器30使空套齿轮32与挡I的空套齿轮20连接。使电机29通电。通过固定齿轮15直接驱动汽车。
由电机29支持内燃机2的驱动：
操作换挡离合器30使空套齿轮32与挡位I的空套齿轮20连接。使电机29通电。将摩擦离合器4闭合。可附加地借助换挡离合器26，27置入另一挡位II，III，IV。在达到一个转子轴36的一个预定转速时随着加速过程期间曲轴3或变速器输入轴5的转速的增长转子轴36的转速例如可通过对内燃机2的控制部分的发动机干预来限制。
再生：
操作换挡离合器30使空套齿轮32与挡位I的空套齿轮20连接。打开摩擦离合器4。电机工作转发电机模式。为了提高减速效果可选择地至少部分地闭合摩擦离合器4使停止的或空载运行的内燃机2及其拖动转矩用于减速。
电机29与换挡变速器6去耦合的运行：
将换挡离合器30转换到中立位置中。至此只有空调压缩机38的必要运行。可以理解，在紧急情况下空调压缩机38也可在电动机或发电机运行状态中被驱动。变换地可在电机29不通电及在摩擦离合器4闭合及空套齿轮31接入的情况下在置入或不置入挡位时驱动空调压缩机38或在推力运行时在摩擦离合器4打开的情况下通过驱动轮14当空套齿轮32与辅助轴33连接时通过电机29短接情况下转子轴36的转动驱动空调压缩机。
在换挡期间通过电动机29的转矩补偿：
如果从一个挡位I，II，III，IV向上或返回换挡到另一挡位，在牵引的情况下在换挡期间向上或返回换挡的过程中出现牵引力的损失及在推力情况下的返回换挡时出现超量转矩。为了补偿借助电动机29在变速器输出轴12上供给相应的转矩及在推力下返回换挡的情况下通过发电机运行来减去相应的转矩。为此操作换挡离合器30来连接空套齿轮20，32及供给或扣除转矩。
附图标记清单
Figure BPA00001485255800071

Claims (13)

1.用于汽车的驱动系(1)，设有内燃机(2)、电机(29)及自动的换挡变速器(6)，该换挡变速器具有变速器输入轴(5)与变速器输出轴(12)，该变速器输出轴具有用于置入作为挡位(I，II，III，IV，R)起作用的、设置在该变速器输入轴(5)与该变速器输出轴(12)之间的齿轮对(7，8，9，10，11)的换挡致动器，该驱动系还设有单一一个设在该内燃机(2)的曲轴(3)与该换挡变速器(6)的该变速器输入轴(5)之间的自动的摩擦离合器(4)，其特征在于：所述电机(29)能择一地在曲轴(3)与换挡变速器(6)之间转换。
2.根据权利要求1的驱动系(1)，其特征在于：所述电机(29)的转换与所述换挡变速器(6)的换挡状态无关地进行。
3.根据权利要求1或2的驱动系(1)，其特征在于：所述电机(29)的转换借助所述换挡致动器来实现。
4.根据权利要求2的驱动系(1)，其特征在于：所述挡位(I，II，III，IV，R)及所述电机(29)的转换借助所述换挡致动器来实现，所述换挡致动器包括一个可两维地移动的转换轴，该转换轴具有至少一个操作部件，其中在所述转换轴的第一运动方向上由该至少一个操作部件选择一个转换位置及在所述转换轴的一个相对所述第一运动方向基本上垂直延伸的第二运动方向上由一个零位置出发借助该至少一个操作部件来转换。
5.根据权利要求4的驱动系(1)，其特征在于：第一操作部件在一个挡位(I，II，III，IV，R)换挡后返回移动到所述零位置中及选择地转换所述电机(29)，其中，第二操作部件选择地将已置入的挡位(I，II，III，IV，R)稳定在其转换位置中或在置入另一挡位时在所述转换轴的同一运动期间使已置入的挡位置出。
6.根据权利要求5的驱动系(1)，其特征在于：所述电机(29)由所述第一操作部件或所述第二操作部件在所述曲轴(3)、零位置及所述变速器输出轴(12)之间转换。
7.根据权利要求1至5之一的驱动系(1)，其特征在于：空调压缩机(38)直接地由所述电机(29)驱动。
8.根据权利要求1至7之一的驱动系(1)，其特征在于：在所述摩擦离合器(4)打开并且所述电机(29)与所述曲轴(3)连接时，所述内燃机(2)由该电机来起动。
9.根据权利要求1至8之一的驱动系(1)，其特征在于：在所述驱动系(1)的推力运行时在所述摩擦离合器(4)打开、所述内燃机(2)可能已停止及所述电机(29)与所述换挡变速器(6)连接以及一个适配地置入的挡位(I，II，III，IV，R)的情况下由所述电机(29)将动能转换成电能。
10.根据权利要求1至9之一的驱动系(1)，其特征在于：在所述摩擦离合器(4)打开、所述内燃机(2)可能已停止及所述电机(29)与所述换挡变速器(6)连接以及一个适配地置入的挡位(I，II，III，IV，R)的情况下借助所述电机(29)来运行或起动。
11.根据权利要求1至10之一的驱动系(1)，其特征在于：在所述摩擦离合器(4)滑动或闭合、所述内燃机(2)运行及所述电机(29)与所述换挡变速器(6)连接以及一个适配地置入的挡位(I，II，III，IV，R)的情况下借助所述电机(29)及所述内燃机(2)来运行或起动。
12.根据权利要求7至11之一的驱动系(1)，其特征在于：在所述电机(29)不驱动或再生运行时所述空调压缩机(38)被驱动。
13.根据权利要求5至12之一的驱动系(1)，其特征在于：在所述电机(29)与所述变速器输出轴(12)连接的情况下在一个换挡期间所述电机(29)工作用于所述驱动系(1)的转矩补偿。
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