CN107444100A - 混合动力车辆的变速装置 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆的变速装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107444100A
CN107444100A CN201710177871.4A CN201710177871A CN107444100A CN 107444100 A CN107444100 A CN 107444100A CN 201710177871 A CN201710177871 A CN 201710177871A CN 107444100 A CN107444100 A CN 107444100A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
motor
gear
speed change
speed
countershaft
Prior art date
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Pending
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CN201710177871.4A
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English (en)
Inventor
岩野治雄
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Mahle Filter Systems Japan Corp
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Mahle Filter Systems Japan Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of CN107444100A publication Critical patent/CN107444100A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/30—Control strategies involving selection of transmission gear ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18036—Reversing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/04—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways with a shaft carrying a number of rotatable transmission members, e.g. gears, each of which can be connected to the shaft by a clutching member or members between the shaft and the hub of the transmission member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D48/00—External control of clutches
    • F16D48/06—Control by electric or electronic means, e.g. of fluid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/091—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • F16H3/089—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears all of the meshing gears being supported by a pair of parallel shafts, one being the input shaft and the other the output shaft, there being no countershaft involved
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明提供一种混合动力车辆的变速装置，具体提供一种结构简单的自动变速式手动变速装置，可以通过扭矩辅助来抑制变速时的暂时性的扭矩降低。变速装置具备与内燃机(5)连接的主轴(1)和驱动驱动轮(11)的副轴(2)，在两者间设置1速～6速的变速用齿轮列(21～32)。连结电机(4)的电机输出轴(3)具备通过电机用爪型离合器(47)选择性连结的电机用第一齿轮(45)及电机用第二齿轮(46)。电机用第一齿轮(45)经由2速固定侧齿轮(23)与主轴(1)连动，电机用第二齿轮(46)经由4速固定侧齿轮(27)与副轴(2)连动。在变速时，可经由副轴(2)进行电机(4)的扭矩辅助。

Description

混合动力车辆的变速装置
技术领域
本发明涉及具备电机和内燃机作为驱动源的混合动力车辆的变速装置，特别是涉及以手动变速器为基础将变速操作自动化的自动变速式手动变速装置(所谓的ATM)。
背景技术
目前，已知有以传递效率高的手动变速器为基础将变速操作自动化的自动变速式手动变速装置。在这种变速装置中，当位于与内燃机之间的主离合器为了变速而被释放时，内燃机和变速装置之间的动力传递被遮断，因此，产生暂时性的扭矩降低。
专利文献1中公开有一种技术，通过将自动变速式手动变速装置适用于并用了电机的混合动力车辆，在变速时进行电机的扭矩辅助，避免变速时的暂时性的扭矩降低。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2005－54938号公报
发明内容
(发明要解决的技术问题)
但是，在所述专利文献1的变速装置中，为将连结电机的第二输入轴和连结内燃机的第一输入轴经由多板离合器连接的结构，结构复杂，并且，需要多板离合器的传递容量的可变控制，因此，存在控制也变得复杂的问题。
此外，在这种需要多板离合器的结构中，也存在难以不变更作为基础的手动变速器的基本设计而进行混合化这类问题。
另外，设置于第二输入轴的齿轮构成了构成低速级的变速用齿轮列的一部分，变速用齿轮列实质上为3轴的结构，因此，变速装置容易大型。
(解决技术问题的技术方案)
本发明提供一种混合动力车辆的变速装置，其具备电机和内燃机作为驱动源，其特征在于，具备：主轴及副轴；多个变速用齿轮列，其包含固定于所述主轴和所述副轴的任一方的固定侧齿轮和可空转地配置于另一方的可动侧齿轮，并且分别构成多个变速级；多个变速用爪型离合器，其将所述可动侧齿轮与具备该齿轮的所述主轴或所述副轴选择性地连结；主离合器，其位于所述内燃机和所述主轴之间；电机用第一齿轮，其可空转地配置于连结所述电机的电机输出轴，且与所述主轴总是连动；电机用第二齿轮，其可空转地配置于连结所述电机的电机输出轴，且与所述副轴总是连动；电机用爪型离合器，其将所述电机用第一齿轮及所述电机用第二齿轮的任一方与所述电机输出轴选择性地连结；控制单元，其控制所述变速用爪型离合器、主离合器及电机用爪型离合器的动作。
在这样的结构中，可以经由电机用爪型离合器使电机输出轴与主轴及副轴的任一方连动。因此，在变速时通过变速用爪型离合器执行变速的期间，可以通过电机对副轴附加扭矩。例如，可以不经由变速用爪型离合器而经由电机用爪型离合器及电机用第二齿轮直接对副轴附加扭矩。
另外，例如，在车辆未行驶而副轴未旋转的状态下，可以经由电机用爪型离合器及电机用第一齿轮使电机输出轴与主轴连动，可以实现使用电机的内燃机的启动(曲轴转动)，相反地实现利用内燃机进行的电机的发电驱动等。
在本发明优选的一方式中，所述电机用第一齿轮与固定于所述主轴的任一变速级的固定侧齿轮啮合。因此，电机用第一齿轮和主轴经由所述固定侧齿轮总是连动。
另外，本发明优选的一方式中，所述电机用第二齿轮经由旋转方向反转用的惰轮与固定于所述副轴的任一变速级的固定侧齿轮连动。因此，电机用第二齿轮和副轴经由上述固定侧齿轮及惰轮总是连动。该情况下，相对于同一车辆行驶方向，在所述电机用第一齿轮的连结时和所述电机用第二齿轮的连结时，所述电机的驱动方向(即旋转方向)为同方向。
另外，本发明优选的一方式中，为下述结构，所述电机用第一齿轮与固定于所述主轴的任一变速级的固定侧齿轮啮合，所述电机用第二齿轮与固定于所述副轴的任一变速级的固定侧齿轮啮合，相对于同一车辆行驶方向，在所述电机用第一齿轮的连结时和所述电机用第二齿轮的连结时，使所述电机的驱动方向互为反方向。即，该情况下，关于电机用第一齿轮或电机用第二齿轮，不需要用于使旋转方向反转的惰轮。
另外，本发明优选的一方式中，空调装置用压缩机等辅机与所述电机输出轴连结，所述电机用爪型离合器具有中立位置。该结构中，在车辆行驶中，除可以利用内燃机或电机的输出来驱动辅机外，即使在车辆停止中，也能够将电机用爪型离合器设为中立位置，通过电机仅驱动辅机。
另外，本发明优选的一方式中，形成为不具备后退行驶用的变速用齿轮列，而通过所述电机的逆转进行后退行驶的结构。
(发明的效果)
根据本发明的混合动力车辆的变速装置，在变速时，可以不经由变速用爪型离合器而对副轴附加电机扭矩，可以抑制变速时的暂时性的扭矩降低。而且，本发明的变速装置不需要用于可变地传递电机扭矩的多板离合器，其结构及控制变得简单，并且，变速用齿轮列基本上由2轴构成，因此，能够避免变速装置的大型化。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的变速装置的第一实施例的概要图。
图2是表示从轴向观察第一实施例的变速装置的各部的布局的说明图。
图3是内燃机启动时的动作说明图。
图4是车辆起步时的动作说明图。
图5是变速时的动作说明图。
图6是行驶时的动作说明图。
图7是EV行驶时的动作说明图。
图8是车辆停止中的辅机驱动的动作说明图。
图9是后退行驶时的动作说明图。
图10是表示变速装置的控制装置的结构的结构说明图。
图11是表示本发明的变速装置的第二实施例的概要图。
图12是表示从轴向观察第二实施例的变速装置时的各部的布局的说明图。
图13是第二实施例的内燃机启动时的动作说明图。
图14是车辆起步时的动作说明图。
图15是变速时的动作说明图。
图16是行驶时的动作说明图。
图17是EV行驶时的动作说明图。
图18是车辆停止中的辅机驱动的动作说明图。
图19是后退行驶时的动作说明图。
符号说明
1…主轴
2…副轴
3…电机输出轴
4…电机
5…内燃机(ENG)
6…主离合器
21～32…变速用齿轮列
34…1－2速变速用爪型离合器
35…1－2速离合器用促动器
36…3－4速变速用爪型离合器
37…3－4速离合器用促动器
38…5－6速变速用爪型离合器
39…5－6速离合器用促动器
41…压缩机(A/C)
42…发电机(ACG)
45…电机用第一齿轮
46…电机用第二齿轮
47…电机用爪型离合器
48…电机离合器用促动器
49…惰轮
51…AMT控制器。
具体实施方式
以下，基于附图详细说明本发明的一实施例。
图1是将本发明的混合动力车辆的变速装置的第一实施例作为所谓的概要图表示的图。另外，图2表示从轴向观察该变速装置时的各部的布局。
该变速装置作为以2轴的手动变速器为基础将变速操作自动化的自动变速式手动变速装置构成，具有相互平行延伸的主轴1和副轴2，且还具备与它们平行的电机输出轴3。在电机输出轴3的端部，同轴状连结有如后述经由逆变器驱动的电机4。
上述主轴1与内燃机5的曲轴5a同轴配置，在两者间插设有可进行来自内燃机5的动力的传递/遮断的主离合器6。该主离合器6由一般的摩擦离合器构成，具备由电机及螺线管等构成的主离合器用促动器7，以便可通过控制信号进行离合操作。
上述副轴2被构成为在端部固定有减速齿轮9，经由该减速齿轮9和差动装置10向左右的驱动轮11进行动力传递。此外，作为一例，图示例的变速装置为用于所谓的横置形式的FF(前置发动机/前驱)型的车辆的结构，且驱动轮11的车轴也基本上与主轴1等平行地延伸。当然，本发明也可以适用于FR型等其它形式的车辆，副轴2至驱动轮11的结构不限于图示例。
在上述主轴1和上述副轴2之间设置有分别构成多个变速级的多个变速用齿轮列。具体而言，将1速固定侧齿轮21固定于主轴1，且将1速可动侧齿轮22可空转地配置于副轴2。两者相互啮合，构成减速比为最大的1速的变速级。同样，将相互啮合并构成2速的2速固定侧齿轮23固定于主轴1，且将2速可动侧齿轮24可空转地配置于副轴2。
构成3速的3速固定侧齿轮25固定于副轴2，与其啮合的3速可动侧齿轮26可空转地配置于主轴1。4速、5速、6速的变速用齿轮列也相同，将4速固定侧齿轮27、5速固定侧齿轮29、6速固定侧齿轮31分别固定于副轴2，且将与它们啮合的4速可动侧齿轮28、5速可动侧齿轮30、6速可动侧齿轮32分别可空转地配置于主轴1。
而且，在副轴2上的1速可动侧齿轮22和2速可动侧齿轮24之间，配置有将1速可动侧齿轮22或2速可动侧齿轮24与副轴2选择性地连结的1－2速变速用爪型离合器34。该1－2速变速用爪型离合器34具备由电机及螺线管等构成的1－2速离合器用促动器35，以便可通过控制信号向包含中立位置的3位置进行变速操作。通过经由该1－2速离合器用促动器35操作1－2速变速用爪型离合器34，进行1速和2速之间的变速。此外，1－2速变速用爪型离合器34根据需要优选具备同步机构。
在主轴1上的3速可动侧齿轮26和4速可动侧齿轮28之间，配置有将3速可动侧齿轮26或4速可动侧齿轮28与主轴1选择性地连结的3－4速变速用爪型离合器36。该3－4速变速用爪型离合器36具备由电机及螺线管等构成的3－4速离合器用促动器37，以便可通过控制信号向包含中立位置的3位置进行变速操作。通过经由该3－4速离合器用促动器37操作3－4速变速用爪型离合器36，进行3速和4速之间的变速。
同样，将5－6速变速用爪型离合器38与5－6速离合器用促动器39一同配置在主轴1上的5速可动侧齿轮30和6速可动侧齿轮32之间，由此，进行5速和6速之间的变速。
3－4速变速用爪型离合器36以及5－6速变速用爪型离合器38同样根据需要优选具备同步机构。
这些变速用齿轮列的结构与一般的手动变速器基本上相同，但在上述实施方式中，将任一变速级、具体而言1速和2速的固定侧齿轮21、23固定于主轴1，将其它变速级、具体而言3速、4速、5速及6速的固定侧齿轮25、27、29、31固定于副轴2。
在一端连结了电机4的电机输出轴3的另一端，直接或经由未图示的连动机构连结有作为辅机的、例如空调装置用的压缩机41及电气零件用的发电机(交流发电机)42。此外，发电机42用于对电气零件用的未图示的低电压蓄电池进行充电。
另外，在电机输出轴3上，可空转地配置有电机用第一齿轮45及电机用第二齿轮46。而且，在电机输出轴3上的这些齿轮45、46之间，配置有将电机用第一齿轮45或电机用第二齿轮46与电机输出轴3选择性地连结的电机用爪型离合器47。该电机用爪型离合器47具有包含中立位置的3位置，具备由电机及螺线管等构成的电机离合器用促动器48，以便通过控制信号向3位置的任一位置进行切换操作。此外，电机用爪型离合器47根据需要优选具备同步机构。
电机用第一齿轮45与固定于主轴1的2速固定侧齿轮23啮合。因此，电机用第一齿轮45和主轴1总是连动，并以规定的齿轮比一体旋转。
另外，电机用第二齿轮46与用于使旋转方向反转的惰轮49啮合，该惰轮49与固定于副轴2的4速固定侧齿轮27啮合。因此，电机用第二齿轮46和副轴2总是连动，并以规定的齿轮比一体旋转。
因此，例如，在电机用爪型离合器47与电机用第一齿轮45连结的状态下，可以利用电机4旋转驱动主轴1。在电机用爪型离合器47与电机用第二齿轮46连结的状态下，可以利用电机4旋转驱动副轴2。在此，从图2可知，电机用第一齿轮45和主轴1相互向反方向旋转，与之相对，电机用第二齿轮46和副轴2因惰轮49的存在而相互向同方向旋转。另一方面，因为主轴1和副轴2通过各变速级的变速用齿轮列(21～32)相互向反方向旋转，所以电机4的向一方向的旋转与主轴1及副轴2各自的旋转方向进行整合。
图10是表示控制如上述构成的变速装置的控制装置的系统结构的结构说明图。操作主离合器6的主离合器用促动器7、分别操作变速用爪型离合器34、36、38的1－2速离合器用促动器35、3－4速离合器用促动器37、5－6速离合器用促动器39、及操作电机用爪型离合器47的电机离合器用促动器48均通过成为控制单元的AMT控制器51被分别控制。另外，电机4通过包含逆变器的电机驱动电路52被控制，电机驱动电路52从AMT控制器51收发相互信号，同时，通过内燃机5的相互信息通信，从发动机控制器57收发信号。此外，电机4可以控制为动力运行和再生这两方。作为驾驶者的请求以及表示车辆的运转状态的信号，向AMT控制器51输入来自节气门开度传感器(APO)53、车速传感器(VSP)54、车辆加速度传感器(G)55、检测内燃机5的转速的转速传感器(NE)56等的检测信号。内燃机5通过发动机控制器57被控制，AMT控制器51和发动机控制器57经由CAN通信等连接，以便相互进行信号的收发。
此外，电机驱动电路52也可以与AMT控制器51一体构成，也可以为内置于AMT控制器51的结构。
接着，参照图3～图9说明上述变速装置的各种方面的控制以及动作。此外，图3～图9中，箭头M表示电机4的扭矩流，箭头E表示内燃机5的扭矩流。此外，形成弯曲形状的箭头F及箭头R表示主要部分的旋转方向，如图2所示，从轴向观察，例如，箭头F表示顺时针方向的旋转方向，箭头R表示与其相反的逆时针方向的旋转方向。
图3是在车辆停止状态下利用电机4进行内燃机5的启动(曲轴转动)时的动作说明图。在车辆停止状态下，变速用爪型离合器34、36、38均位于中立位置。在内燃机5的启动时，从该状态起连结主离合器6，且将电机用爪型离合器47与电机用第一齿轮45侧连结。然后，使电机4向沿着箭头F的规定的旋转方向(为了便于说明，将其设为正转方向)旋转驱动。
因此，电机4的扭矩如箭头M所示，从电机4经由电机用第一齿轮45及2速固定侧齿轮23向主轴1传递，经由主离合器6给予内燃机5。由此，使曲轴5a转动，启动内燃机5。此外，启动结束后，主离合器6对车辆起步作准备，暂时释放(换言之为切断)。
图4是使用了内燃机5和电机4双方的车辆起步时的动作说明图。在起步前，释放主离合器6。从该状态起，使1－2速变速用爪型离合器34向1速侧连结，逐渐连结成为起步离合器的主离合器6。由此，车辆起步。此时，将电机用爪型离合器47与电机用第二齿轮46侧连结，通过使电机4旋转驱动，可以通过电机4进行扭矩辅助。即，电机4的扭矩如箭头M所示，从电机4经由电机用第二齿轮46、惰轮49及4速固定侧齿轮27传递至副轴2。因此，对副轴2(以及驱动轮11)给予箭头E所示的内燃机5的扭矩和箭头M所示的电机4的扭矩这双方。
此外，当然也可以实现仅内燃机5的起步或仅电机4的起步。
图5是车辆起步后的变速时、例如从1速向2速的变速时的动作说明图。在进行变速时，释放主离合器6，将1－2速变速用爪型离合器34向2速侧操作，进行变速。此时，电机用爪型离合器47与电机用第二齿轮46侧连结，经由惰轮49及4速固定侧齿轮27对副轴2进行电机4的扭矩辅助。由此，避免伴随变速时的主离合器6的释放的暂时性的扭矩降低。1－2速变速用爪型离合器34的变速结束后，逐渐连结主离合器6，相应地减少电机4的扭矩量。
这样，在变速时，通过进行利用电机4的扭矩的扭矩辅助，可以进行抑制了变速时的减速感的顺畅的变速。在从2速向3速的变速、从3速向4速的变速等其它变速级下的变速中，同样，通过进行扭矩辅助，也能够成为顺畅的变速。此外，在减速时的变速时，也可以省略扭矩辅助。
上述的变速除与驾驶者的变速级的选择/指示相对应的手动操作外，还可以进行与车辆的运转状态(节气门开度及车速等)相对应的自动变速。
图6是一定的变速级下的行驶时、例如2速下的行驶时的动作说明图。此时，车辆基本上以内燃机5的扭矩行驶，但根据需要可以将电机用爪型离合器47与电机用第二齿轮46侧连结，同时驱动电机4，进行扭矩辅助。另外，在车辆减速时，从副轴2经由电机用第二齿轮46向电机4输入扭矩，因此，能够进行电机4的能量再生。
此外，在任一变速级的变速用齿轮列处于连结状态的行驶中，也可以将电机用爪型离合器47与电机用第一齿轮45侧连结，进行从该电机用第一齿轮45经由主轴1的扭矩辅助及能量再生。
压缩机41及发电机42等辅机与电机输出轴3连结，因此，在电机4以任何形式旋转的状态下，同时驱动这些辅机。如果将电机用爪型离合器47设为中立位置，则可以与变速用齿轮列及主离合器6的状态等无关系地通过电机4驱动压缩机41等辅机。
图7是停止内燃机5而仅通过电机4行驶的所谓的EV行驶时的动作说明图。在该EV行驶时，在释放主离合器6并将变速装置与内燃机5分离后，将电机用爪型离合器47与电机用第二齿轮46侧连结，同时驱动电机4，由此，可以通过电机4的扭矩进行行驶。此外，因为任一变速级的变速用齿轮列处于连结状态，所以也可以通过从电机用第一齿轮45经由主轴1的扭矩传递进行行驶。
图8是在车辆暂时停车时作为所谓的怠速停止而停止内燃机5时的动作说明图。在十字路口等暂时性停车时，根据规定的怠速停止条件释放主离合器6，同时停止内燃机5。在该状态下，将电机用爪型离合器47设为中立位置，且驱动电机4，由此，可以进行怠速停止中的压缩机41等辅机的驱动。
图9是后退行驶时的动作说明图。图示例的变速装置不具备后退行驶用的齿轮列，而通过使电机4逆转进行后退行驶。具体而言，在释放了主离合器6后，将电机用爪型离合器47与电机用第二齿轮46侧连结，同时，将电机4向逆转方向驱动。由此，副轴2向与前进时相反的方向旋转，进行后退行驶。即，通过不经由变速用齿轮列的扭矩传递，车辆后退行驶。
此外，通过将电机用爪型离合器47与电机用第一齿轮45侧连结，同时，通过例如1－2速变速用爪型离合器34将变速级设为1速，也可以通过经由主轴1的扭矩传递进行后退行驶。
这样，根据上述实施例的变速装置，可以不使用多板离合器而进行从电机4向副轴2或主轴1的扭矩传递，能够避免使用多板离合器带来的结构的复杂化以及伴随容量控制的控制的复杂化。特别是，通过电机用爪型离合器47的切换，可以切换向副轴2输入扭矩或向主轴1输入扭矩，可以实现不经由变速用齿轮列的变速时的扭矩辅助的附加和内燃机5启动时的曲轴转动。
另外，因为是除电机4及电机输出轴3的部分之外，基本上包含主轴1和副轴2的2轴的手动变速机构，因此，能够使伴随附加有电机4的变速装置的大型化为最小限度，并且能够利用作为基础的手动变速器的基本的设计进行混合化。
进而，在伴随内燃机5停止的车辆的停车中，可以进行压缩机41等辅机的驱动。
接着，图11及图12表示本发明的变速装置的第二实施例。在该第二实施例中，不具备上述的第一实施例的惰轮49，电机输出轴3上的电机用第二齿轮46与固定于副轴2的4速固定侧齿轮27直接啮合。因此，从图12可知，在电机4向某一个方向旋转时，经由电机用第一齿轮45与电机4连动的主轴1的旋转方向和经由电机用第二齿轮46与电机4连动的副轴2的旋转方向成为相同方向。
因此，在车辆前进行驶时，在经由电机用第二齿轮46进行扭矩辅助等时，将电机4向反转方向驱动。
图13～图19是第二实施例的动作说明图，与说明第一实施例的动作的图3～图9分别对应。这些图所示的第二实施例的控制乃至于动作基本上与对第一实施例说明的相同，因此，省略其详细的说明。
图13与上述的图3相同，是内燃机5启动时的动作说明图，但在该启动时，电机4的扭矩经由电机用第一齿轮45向内燃机5传递，因此，电机4的旋转方向为与第一实施例相同的正转方向。
与之相对，在图14所示的车辆起步时的扭矩辅助、图15所示的变速时的扭矩辅助、图16所示的行驶时的扭矩辅助、图17所示的EV行驶时，电机4的扭矩经由电机用第二齿轮46传递到副轴2，因此，电机4的旋转方向与第一实施例不同，成为向反转方向的驱动。
在图18所示的怠速停止中的辅机的驱动时，电机4的旋转方向是任意的。
在图19所示的后退行驶时，通过将电机4向正传方向驱动，可进行后退行驶。
以上，对将本发明作为前进6速的变速装置构成的一实施例进行了说明，但本发明也可以作为更多级化的变速装置构成。

Claims (6)

1.一种混合动力车辆的变速装置，其具备电机和内燃机作为驱动源，其特征在于，具备：
主轴及副轴；
多个变速用齿轮列，其包含固定于所述主轴和所述副轴的任一方的固定侧齿轮和可空转地配置于另一方的可动侧齿轮，并且分别构成多个变速级；
多个变速用爪型离合器，其将所述可动侧齿轮与具备该齿轮的所述主轴或所述副轴选择性地连结；
主离合器，其位于所述内燃机和所述主轴之间；
电机用第一齿轮，其可空转地配置于连结所述电机的电机输出轴，且与所述主轴总是连动；
电机用第二齿轮，其可空转地配置于连结所述电机的电机输出轴，且与所述副轴总是连动；
电机用爪型离合器，其将所述电机用第一齿轮及所述电机用第二齿轮的任一方与所述电机输出轴选择性地连结；
控制单元，其控制所述变速用爪型离合器、主离合器及电机用爪型离合器的动作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆的变速装置，其特征在于，
所述电机用第一齿轮与固定于所述主轴的任一变速级的固定侧齿轮啮合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力车辆的变速装置，其特征在于，
所述电机用第二齿轮经由旋转方向反转用的惰轮与固定于所述副轴的任一变速级的固定侧齿轮连动。
4.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆的变速装置，其特征在于，
所述电机用第一齿轮与固定于所述主轴的任一变速级的固定侧齿轮啮合，
所述电机用第二齿轮与固定于所述副轴的任一变速级的固定侧齿轮啮合，
相对于同一车辆行驶方向，在所述电机用第一齿轮的连结时和所述电机用第二齿轮的连结时，使所述电机的驱动方向互为反方向。
5.根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的混合动力车辆的变速装置，其特征在于，
将辅机与所述电机输出轴连结，
所述电机用爪型离合器具有中立位置。
6.根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的混合动力车辆的变速装置，其特征在于，
不具备后退行驶用的变速用齿轮列，而通过所述电机的逆转进行后退行驶。
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