CN103660908A - 用于混合型车辆的动力系 - Google Patents

用于混合型车辆的动力系 Download PDF

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CN103660908A
CN103660908A CN201310442261.4A CN201310442261A CN103660908A CN 103660908 A CN103660908 A CN 103660908A CN 201310442261 A CN201310442261 A CN 201310442261A CN 103660908 A CN103660908 A CN 103660908A
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gear
axle
motor
unitor
dynamical system
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CN103660908B (zh
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S·范托利
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4808—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox output shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/42—Clutches or brakes
    • B60Y2400/421—Dog type clutches or brakes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing
    • Y10T74/19014—Plural prime movers selectively coupled to common output

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于混合型车辆的动力系，该动力系包括特别是内燃机类型的热机（10）、连接至车辆的车轴（24）的电机（12）以及传动装置（36），该传动装置包括通过可脱开联接器（44）连接至热机（10）的驱动轴（18）的主传动轴（38），并且主传动轴载有至少两个第一齿轮(56,58)，第一齿轮与由连接至车轴的辅助传动轴(40)承载的至少两个第二齿轮(60,62)协作。根据本发明，主传动轴(36)连接至辅助电机(14)。

Description

用于混合型车辆的动力系
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于驱动混合型车辆的动力系。
如已知那样，这种类型的车辆由一般为内燃机类型的热机以及由连接到诸如一个或多个蓄电池的电源的至少一个旋转电机来驱动。
这种组合特别是通过减少热机的燃料消耗并同时通过将污染物有限地排放到大气来保护环境而获得优化此类车辆性能的优点。
发明背景
在文献FR-2,811,395中所述的示例中，这种类型的车辆包括变速箱，该变速箱具有机动主线，该机动主线设置成与控制该车辆的驱动轮的接纳次线大致平行。该主线一方面包括由热机通过可脱开联接器驱动转动的主驱动轴，另一方面包括由电机驱动转动并围绕主驱动轴的管状辅助驱动轴。主驱动轴和辅助驱动轴能通过卡爪彼此转动连接。这些轴中的每个固定地载有两个齿轮，这些齿轮与由接纳次线承载的并空转地安装在该次线上的接纳齿轮啮合。该线还承载交替间隙的滑动齿轮，从而允许接纳齿轮可转动地固定到该次线。
因此，在操作时，车辆在不同速度下由电机或者由热机或者两者驱动。这通过如下方式来实现，即，通过作用于由各线承载的各种联接器（可脱开联接器和/或卡爪和/或滑动齿轮）以将主驱动轴与热机固定和/或将该主驱动轴与辅助驱动轴固定和/或将接纳齿轮中的一个与接纳次线固定。
尽管该传动装置是令人满意的，但它涉及相当多的缺点。
实际上，当仅电机用于驱动车辆时，有必要将接纳齿轮与次线联接，以将该电机的转动传递到该次线。因此，这需要使该装置变复杂来实现基本功能。
此外，车辆必须具有用于控制可脱开联接器、卡爪和滑动齿轮的多个致动器。这些致动器加大了装置的生产成本并会造成失效和/或影响功能。
此外，这些致动器必须由发动机通常所装有的诸如计算器之类的处理单元来控制，这需要加大该计算器的容量。
最后，为了获得期望的速度有必要使装置的一些元件、诸如接纳齿轮接合或脱开。这加大了切换齿轮所需的时间，同时使驾驶不舒适。
为了克服这些缺点，如在文献FR-2,962,379中更好地描述，申请人已开发了一种用于驱动混合型车辆的动力系，它包括变速箱，该变速箱具有机动主线，该机动主线设置成与控制该车辆的驱动轮的接纳次线大致平行。主线包括由热机通过可脱开联接器驱动转动的驱动轴。驱动轴固定地载有两个齿轮，这些齿轮与由接纳次线承载的并空转地安装在该次线上的接纳齿轮啮合，其中，这些齿轮中的一个由次线通过单向联接器来承载。
申请人通过结合齿轮箱的简单性和其使用的方便性并且使车辆在电驱动模式下运行时间更长来继续改进该动力系。
发明内容
因此，本发明涉及一种用于混合车辆的动力系，该动力系包括特别是内燃机类型的热机、连接至车辆的车轴的电机以及传动装置，该传动装置包括通过可脱开联接器连接至热机的驱动轴的主传动轴，并且该主传动轴载有至少两个第一齿轮，第一齿轮与由连接到车轴的辅助传动轴承载的至少两个第二齿轮协作，其特征在于，主传动轴连接至辅助电机。
辅助传动轴可包括通过单向联接器彼此连接的两个半轴。
辅助半轴的一个可包括通过直接联接器彼此连接的两个部件。
有利地，直接联接器可包括卡爪。
直接联接器可包括手动控制装置。
驱动热机的轴可包括通过单向联接器彼此连接的两个半轴。
驱动半轴中的一个可承载有辅助电机。
单向联接器可包括自由轮。
附图说明
在阅读了下面参照附图借助非限制性示例给出的描述之后本发明的其它特征和优点会变得清楚，在附图中：
-图1是示出根据本发明的用于驱动混合型车辆的动力系的视图，
-图2示出了该动力系的变型；
-图3示出了图2的动力系的另一变型，以及
-图4也是图1的变型。
具体实施方式
如图1中所示，驱动混合车辆的传动系包括特别是内燃机的热机10以及两个电机、即主电机12和辅助电机14，这些电机均能通过连接至蓄电池16（或电池）来在电机模式下或在能量发生器模式下进行操作。
热机10包括驱动轴18，该驱动轴形成曲轴的延伸部，并由该发动机控制转动。电机12、14分别包括由这些电机的转子构成的驱动轴20、22。
该系统还包括车轴24，该车轴直接地或借助差速桥驱动车辆的车轮26。
该车轴通过运动传送倍增路径28连接到主电机12的转子20。借助示例，该路径包括具有齿轮32的齿轮系，该齿轮由转子20固定地承载，并与安装在车轴24上的不同直径的另一齿轮34啮合。
当然，该传送路径可包括提供转子和车轴之间的转动的传送的任何其它元件，诸如由皮带连接的滑轮。
该系统还包括在下述说明书中被称为齿轮箱的变速装置36，该变速装置设置在内燃机的轴18和车轴24之间。
该齿轮箱包括形成驱动轴18的延伸部的主轴38和大致平行于主轴设置并通过传动路径可转动地固定到车轴24的副轴40。该路径包括由副轴42承载的固定轮42构成的齿轮系，该固定轮与车轴24的齿轮34啮合。
当然，该传送路径可包括提供副轴40和车轴之间的转动的传送的任何其它元件，诸如滑轮和皮带。
如在图1中更清楚可见，主轴38通过可脱开联接器44连接到发动机10的轴18。
借助示例，该联接器是离心式离合器，该离合器的作用板46由主轴的一端固定地承载，该离合器的摩擦板48的轴向移位由配重50和复位弹簧52控制，并由固定地连接到发动机轴18的自由端的板54承载。因此，在发动机轴的转动脉冲的作用下，摩擦板48在配重的离心运动作用下轴向平移运动，并通过与其接触而连接到作用板46。
主轴平移和转动固定地承载至少两个不同直径的齿轮，在此是设置在主轴的自由端附近的小直径齿轮56和直径大于齿轮56的设置在作用板附近的齿轮58。出于简化原因，在说明书其余部分中，这些齿轮被称为第一齿轮。
这些第一齿轮与由可转动地固定到车轴24的副轴40承载的不同直径的齿轮啮合。
因此，大直径齿轮60与小直径齿轮56协作，而小直径齿轮62与第一大齿轮58啮合。相似地，出于简化原因，这些齿轮60和62被称为第二齿轮。
形成两个齿轮系，第一齿轮系TR1具有齿轮56、60，而第二齿轮系TR2具有齿轮58、62，各齿轮系具有不同的齿数比R1、R2。
第二大直径齿轮60通过在其上插设有单向联接器来设置在副轴40上，诸如自由轮64，该自由轮位于该齿轮的轴承66和该轴之间。
第二小直径齿轮62可空转安装在轴40上，并通过固定止挡件68不作轴向平移。
该齿轮能借助可脱开联接器70可转动地固定到该轴。
借助示例，该联接器是类似于齿轮箱36的主轴38与发动机轴18之间所设置的离心式离合器。
因此，该联接器包括连接表面72，该连接表面由齿轮62的壳体74的一部分和与该连接表面相对的摩擦板76构成。该摩擦板的轴向移位由一组配重78和弹簧80控制，该组配重和弹簧由固定连接到副轴40的板82承载。因此，在轴40的转动期间并在配重的离心运动作用下，摩擦板沿壳体74的方向轴向平移，直至它与表面72接触为止。因此，这允许在轴40和齿轮62之间建立起转动连接。
如图1中更清楚可见，该动力系还包括辅助电机14通过设置在轴端部处以使该电机的转子22可转动地固定到该主轴来连接到主轴38的布局。
现在描述各种操作构造。
在第一阶段，涉及到的是驱动混合车辆的电机模式，其中，仅主电机12用作驱动车辆的发动机。
在此模式下并且参照图1，联接器44和70处于脱开位置，不向电机14供电，且主电机12由电池16馈电，由此产生转子20的转动。
该转子将其转动通过齿轮32、34传送到车轴24，并通过齿轮32、34和42传送到副轴40。
车轴的转动直接或间接传送到车辆车轮26，以驱动该车轮运动。
同时，副轴40的转动驱动使得保持在脱开位置的离心式离合器转动，直至到达了该轴的阈值转速Nr，超过该阈值转速，离合器70就工作。因此，齿轮62保持在该轴上空转，而不驱动第一大齿轮58。
这在电机致动时适用，此时转子20的第一转动方向驱动车轮位于前进档。
在此构造中，齿轮60不由自由轮64驱动转动，这在此情况下是沿滑动方向。因此，所有齿轮均停下。
对于倒档，主电机12的转子20沿相反方向以低于阈值Nr的转速控制转动，而联接器44和70保持在脱开位置。
然后，第二大直径齿轮60由自由轮64驱动转动，该自由轮将副轴40的转动传递到该第二大直径齿轮。该转动通过齿轮60与小齿轮56的啮合而传送到主轴38。然后，轴38的转动使辅助电机14的转子22转动，该辅助电机能实现对电池16充电的发电机功能。轴38的这种转动还驱动大齿轮58转动，该大齿轮与空转地安装在轴36上的齿轮62啮合。
此外，考虑到离心式离合器44的脱开位置，主轴38的转动不再传递到驱动内燃机的轴18。
关于驱动车辆在前进档行驶、转子20沿第一转动方向转动的构造，一旦副轴40的转速超过阈值Nr，离心式离合器70通过使副轴40转动连接到小直径齿轮62来工作。
在此构造中，齿轮62与大齿轮58啮合，该大齿轮驱动主轴38转动。
然后，将该轴的转动传递到与大齿轮60啮合的齿轮56，并传递到辅助电机14的转子22，该辅助电机在此构造中可用作对电池16充电的发电机。
考虑到由于齿轮系TR1和TR2之间的不同变速比R1和R2以及由于存在自由轮64而造成的副轴40和齿轮60之间的转速差，轴40并不由轮60驱动转动。这是由于副轴40的转速高于大齿轮60的转速。
因此，可以在电机的整个使用范围内驱动车轮在前进档运动，或者在从副轴40的大于0的转速到低于阈值Nr的转速的该电机的使用范围内驱动车轮在倒档运动，同时允许辅助电机14用作对电池充电的发电机，并延长混合车辆的行驶里程。
此外，在车辆减速和/或制动阶段，使电能的回收最大化。电机12还用作对电池18充电的发电机。
在另一电机模式构造中，两个电机12和14用作驱动车辆的电机。
在此模式下，联接器44和70处于脱开位置，且电机12和14通过产生转子20和22的转动而由电池16供电。
如上所述，电机12允许借助离心式离合器70同时驱动车辆车轮26和副轴40，该离心式离合器保持在脱开位置直到达到阈值转速Nr。
副轴电机14驱动由主轴38承载的齿轮56和58转动。然后，将这些齿轮的转动传送到齿轮60和62。
由于齿轮60通过自由轮64由轴40承载并且考虑到副轴40和齿轮60之间的转速差，自由轮在锁止方向上。然后，由齿轮60驱动轴40转动，直到达到阈值转速Nr。
因此，车辆由两个电机、即由电机12通过其转子20和由发动机14通过包括转子22、齿轮系TR1和副轴40在内的传送路径来驱动。
一旦副轴40的转速超过阈值Nr，离心式离合器70通过将副轴40转动连接到小直径齿轮62来工作。
因此，齿轮62与大齿轮58啮合，而齿轮56与齿轮60啮合。
考虑到副轴40和齿轮60之间的转速差以及存在自由轮64，轴40不再可转动地固定到齿轮60。
由此，电机14的转子22的转动通过齿轮58和齿轮62传递到副轴40，齿轮62通过离合器70固定到轴40。
因此，车辆由电机12通过其转子20和由发动机14通过包括转子22、齿轮系TR2和副轴40在内的传送路径来驱动。
这特别是允许车辆的可驱动性提高，同时限制电机12和14的功率。
在下面描述的驱动混合车辆的热模式下，内燃机10运行，并且它用作驱动车辆的发动机。
在闲置状态下，离心式离合器44和77均不工作，而轴18转动。
一旦发动机轴18的转速Nv到达阈值，离心式离合器通过将轴18运动地连接到齿轮箱36的主轴38来工作。
然后，以与轴18相同的速度驱动齿轮56和58转动。
由此，小齿轮56与齿轮60啮合，该齿轮60通过自由轮64驱动副轴40转动、通过齿轮42和34驱动车轴24转动以及通过齿轮42、34和32驱动主电机12的转子20转动。
大齿轮58与小直径齿轮62啮合。
如果由齿轮系TR1驱动转动的副轴40的速度低于上述速度Nr，则离心式离合器70保持在脱开位置。由此，小直径齿轮62保持在轴40上空转，并且通过与大齿轮58啮合而进行转动不会对该轴产生影响。
在此构造中，通过齿轮42、34驱动主电机12的转子20转动，通过主轴38驱动辅助电机14的转子22转动。
因此，两个电机能用作对电池16充电的发电机或辅助热机的电动机。
一旦副轴40的转速超过阈值Nr，离心式离合器70通过将该齿轮62连接到该轴来工作。
因此，由齿轮系TR2以不同的转速来驱动副轴40和车轴24。
实际上，齿轮56和60的齿轮系TR1对轴40不起作用，这是由于考虑到齿轮60和由齿轮62驱动的副轴40之间的转速差以及存在自由轮64，轴40并不由齿轮60驱动转动。这是由于副轴的转速高于大齿轮60的转速的缘故。
在另一构造中，由此根据由齿轮58、62的齿轮系提供的第二变速比来驱动车辆运动。
如上所述，两个电机能用作对电池16充电的发电机，这是因为通过齿轮42、34驱动主电机12的转子20转动，通过主轴38驱动辅助电机14的转子22转动。
类似地，这些电机能用于在车辆减速阶段或在制动阶段通过将这些电机用作为对于电池的发电机来全部或部分地回收能量。
可注意到在热驱动模式下，可以结合使用热机和电机中的一个或两个电机和蓄电池来驱动车辆。
图2的变型与图1的不同之处在于副轴包括彼此同轴并由诸如自由轮90的单向联接器连接的两个半轴40a和40b。
该自由轮有利地设置在齿轮62和离心式离合器70之间。
在混合车辆在前进档驱动的电模式构造中，仅主电机12用作驱动车辆的电机。
在此模式中，主电机12通过产生转子20沿第一转动方向的转动来由电池16供电。该转动使得车轴24通过齿轮32和34来转动，而半轴40b通过齿轮32、34和42来转动。
在此构造中，另一半轴40a不由自由轮90驱动，其在此情况下是沿滑动方向。
因此，车轴24能在电机12的整个运行范围内驱动，而半轴40b可超过阈值转速Nr，而不对离心式离合器70的致动产生影响。
此外，主电机12仅驱动有限数目的部件，由此可有用于驱动车辆的功率。
在另一运行模式下，两个电机均能单独地或如上所述与热机结合地用于驱动车辆。
如图1的示例中那样，对于倒档，沿相反方向驱动主电机12的转子20转动，而其转速低于阈值Nr。在此情况下，自由轮90在锁止方向上，并且两个半轴40a和40b可转动地彼此连接。因此，倒档的操作与图1的相同。
对于驱动混合车辆的热模式，内燃机10运行，并且它用作以结合图1上述的操作模式驱动车辆的发动机。
这是由于考虑到半轴40a和40b之间的速度差，自由轮90通过将半轴40a的转动传递到半轴40b而在锁止方向上。
类似地，仅电机12能用于在车辆减速阶段或在制动阶段通过将该电机用作对于电池的发电机来全部或部分地回收能量。
此外，在车辆制动阶段和无论齿轮箱36的变速比如何，热机通过离合器44的打开来与轴脱开，这允许使能量回收最大化。
在图3的情况下（是图2的变型），半轴40a分成两个部分40a’和40a”，并且这两个部分借助卡爪型直接联接器92、较佳地借助手动控制件94来连接。如可在附图中更清楚可见，该卡爪有利地设置在自由轮90和离心式离合器70之间。
图3的变型在卡爪92处于工作位置时以与图2相同的方式进行操作。
该变型与图2的不同之处在于它允许在电池为空时切换到“备用”模式，因为它能在车辆静止时借助热机10来对电池充电。
这通过使卡爪92不工作来实现，这防止将来自轴40a’的任何转动传递到轴40a”并由此传递到车轮26。
当车辆静止时，热机启动，并且当离合器44从轴38的转速Nr工作时，轴38由热机的轴18驱动转动。然后，将该转动传递到电机14的转子22。然后，该电机起到对电池16供电的发电机的作用。
该变型还使得用于驱动车辆的“串联混合”型运行模式变得可行。
更精确地说，如上所述，热机10驱动用作发电机的电机14。由此，产生的电功率被送到由此驱动车辆的电机12。
图4的不同之处在于发动机10的驱动轴18包括通过诸如自由轮96的单向联接器来彼此连接的两个半轴18a和18b。
如在此图中更清楚可见，自由轮96设置在热机10和离心式离合器44之间，且辅助电机14有利地设置在该离合器和自由轮96之间，其中，电机的转子与半轴18a合并。
关于在此变型中驱动混合车辆的电模式，其中主电机12用作在前进档或倒档驱动车辆的发动机，其操作与图1中的操作一样。
在两个供电的电动机的运行过程中，电机14能操作成仅在轴18a的速度超过阈值Nv时才驱动车辆。一旦到达该速度，离心式离合器44工作，并且将轴18a连接到轴380。
在此构造中，由于沿滑动方向存在自由轮96，所以不将轴18a的转动传递到轴18b。
在启动热机之后，一旦轴18a的转速高于轴18b的转速，则自由轮处于锁定方向。
由此构造，操作类似于结合图1已述的操作。
本发明不限于所述实施例，并且它包含被本发明覆盖的任何等同物或变型。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于混合型车辆的动力系，所述动力系包括特别是内燃机类型的热机（10）、连接至车辆的车轴（24）的电机（12）和传动装置（36），所述传动装置包括通过可脱开联接器（44）连接至所述热机（10）的驱动轴（18）的主传动轴（38），并且所述主传动轴载有至少两个第一齿轮(56,58)，所述第一齿轮与由连接到所述车轴的辅助传动轴(40)承载的至少两个第二齿轮(60,62)协作，其特征在于，所述主传动轴(36)连接至辅助电机(14)。
2.如权利要求1所述的动力系，其特征在于，所述辅助传动轴(40)包括通过单向联接器(90)彼此连接的两个半轴(40a,40b)。
3.如权利要求2所述的动力系，其特征在于，所述辅助半轴中的一个(40a)包括通过直接联接器(92)彼此连接的两个部件(40a’,40a”)。
4.如权利要求3所述的动力系，其特征在于，所述直接联接器包括卡爪(92)。
5.如权利要求3或4所述的动力系，其特征在于，所述直接联接器包括卡爪(94)。
6.如权利要求1所述的动力系，其特征在于，驱动所述热机（10）的轴(18)包括通过单向联接器(96)彼此连接的两个半轴(18a,18b)。
7.如权利要求6所述的动力系，其特征在于，所述驱动半轴中的一个(18a)承载辅助电机(14)。
8.如权利要求2或6所述的动力系，其特征在于，所述单向联接器包括卡爪(90,96)。
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EP2712749B1 (fr) 2018-05-16
EP2712749A1 (fr) 2014-04-02
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US10046635B2 (en) 2018-08-14
CN103660908B (zh) 2019-04-19
FR2995830A1 (fr) 2014-03-28

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