CN102684441A - 无刷直流电机 - Google Patents

无刷直流电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102684441A
CN102684441A CN2012101537611A CN201210153761A CN102684441A CN 102684441 A CN102684441 A CN 102684441A CN 2012101537611 A CN2012101537611 A CN 2012101537611A CN 201210153761 A CN201210153761 A CN 201210153761A CN 102684441 A CN102684441 A CN 102684441A
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China
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control circuit
motor
brshless
overcurrent fuse
fuse
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CN102684441B (zh
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A·格斯灵
M·克雷斯
M·拉斯
V·斯泰格瓦尔德
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Hanon Auto Parts Germany Co ltd
Magna Powertrain Bad Homburg GmbH
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Magna Electronics Europe GmbH and Co OHG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/0833—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for electric motors with control arrangements
    • H02H7/0838—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for electric motors with control arrangements with H-bridge circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
    • H02P29/032—Preventing damage to the motor, e.g. setting individual current limits for different drive conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/0811—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for dc motors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Abstract

无刷直流电机1具有多个电绕组2以及与该多个电绕组连接的控制电路3。所述控制电路3包括：开关装置4，用于从外部电源UB到绕组2的电压的时间依赖的应用；测量装置5，用于取决于来自外部电源UB经过控制电路3的电流IB产生电信号；和过电流熔断器6，用于保护控制电路3和绕组2。为了获得控制电路的特别高的集成度，本发明提出将横跨过电流熔断器6的电压降作为输入值提供给测量器件5。

Description

无刷直流电机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种无刷直流电机，并且更具体地，涉及一种带有控制电路的无刷直流电机。本发明以德国优先权申请102011010567.0为基础，其通过引用结合于此。
背景技术
在文档EP 0088277A2中公开了带有控制电路的传统无刷直流电机。所述文档具体公开了通过分路器检测三相桥式驱动器的电流消耗。所检测的值用于控制电机。
在文档DE 10 2005 014 167A1中公开了用于多相同步电机中的桥式驱动器的传统保护电路。所述保护电路旨在识别开关装置中的损害状态，具体是MOSFET中的损害状态，以便如果适当的话能够采取措施来抵抗随后的损害。
此外，文档DE 10 2005 058 221 B3公开了用于各种目的的过电流熔断器。在两个托架之间布置可电熔断导体材料，该导体材料由于自身的电阻随电流的流动而变热。定制电流的横截面尺寸，以使得当超过固定值时，超过熔断温度。熔断的材料随后流出导通路径，导致电流被中断。此外，文档DE 10 2009 036 578 B3和DE 10 2005 040 308 A1中公开了过电流熔断器的备选实施例。
本发明的目的是提供一种带有控制电路的无刷直流电机，其以特别有利的方式集成过电流保护装置。
该目的通过一种无刷直流电机来实现，该无刷直流电机具有多个电绕组(2)以及与该多个电绕组连接的控制电路(3)，所述控制电路3包括开关装置(4)，其用于从外部电源(UB)到绕组(2)的电压的时间依赖的施加，测量器件(5)，用于取决于来自外部电源(UB)经过控制电路(3)的电流(IB)产生电信号，和过电流熔断器(6)，用于保护控制电路(3)和绕组(2)，其中横跨过电流熔断器(6)的电压降可以作为输入值提供给测量装置(5)。
发明内容
本发明的有利配置及改进在从属权利要求中限定。
附图说明
下面将参考在所附示意图中图示的示例实施例更详细地解释本发明，在所附示意图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的带有控制电路的无刷直流电机的示意电路图。
具体实施方式
如图1中所示，在无刷直流电机1中应用三个电绕组2。这些绕组2是所谓定子的一部分，该定子具有本身已知的设计并被布置为邻近永磁体转子。为了清晰的原因，定子和转子两者已在附图中省略了。
提供控制电路3，以时间依赖模式并具有交变极性将来自外部电压源UB的电压连接至绕组2。为了这个目的，控制电路3包括多个开关装置4，该多个开关装置4(以本身已知方式)为MOSFET形式，并且彼此连接作为三相桥式驱动器。就三相桥式驱动器而言，由控制逻辑7驱动。关于MOSFET及其由控制逻辑7的驱动的细节，参考相关的技术文献。此外，控制电路3还包括过电流熔断器6，其被布置在电源电压的馈送线中，并且如果超过了预定电流值，则中断电源电压的供应并由此中断经过控制电路的电流。过电流熔断器6可以是不可逆熔丝、双金属条或者磁熔断器的形式或者具有另一公知设计。过电流熔断器6防止绕组2过热和着火，并且在三相桥式驱动器的开关装置4短路时防止开关装置4的后续毁坏。
此外，控制电路3包括测量器件5，用于取决于来自外部电源UB经过控制电路3的电流IB产生电信号。无刷直流电机1的瞬时功耗值以本身公知的方式从电信号获得，并且可能从取决于供电电压UB的类似信号获得，所述瞬时功耗值转而影响绕组2的时间依赖的驱动。当无法得到电机的转子位置用于驱动绕组2时，这个测量具有特别重大的意义。沿着过电流熔断器6的电压降可通过适当的电路提供给测量器件5。相应地，示意性图示用电流熔断器6的等效电路图示出了过电流熔断器6，该等效电路图包括理想熔断器组件和实际内部阻抗。由于过电流熔断器6的实际内部阻抗实质上是电阻阻抗，因此除去温度的影响，横跨所述内部阻抗的电压降大致与要检测的电流IB成比例。因此，来自于电压源的控制电路3的功耗可以根据测量的电流和供电电压值大致确定。
然而，在市场上无法得到具有针对其阻抗值的容差的过电流熔断器的传统实施例。因此，在实际中，需要额外的措施来管理关于过电流熔断器6的生产中的变化对电机操作的质量的影响。原则上，尽管可以单独测量系列产品中过电流熔断器6的阻抗值并通过处理过电流熔断器来调整或者通过改变控制电路2的其余部分来补偿(例如提供补偿电阻)，但是将会失去提出的集成性的重要优点。
因此，优选地确定在每种情况下要安装的过电流熔断器6的阻抗，并且在系列产品的情况下在控制电路2的控制逻辑7的数据存储装置8提供对应于具体阻抗值的数据，所述数据在无刷直流电机1的操作期间可被电读取，并且被提供给计算器件7。计算器件7然后提供希望的修正。这样的计算器件7在目前典型的实施例中不需要任何额外的组件，因为控制逻辑7典型地包括微处理器和用于所述微处理器的顺序控制的非易失性程序存储器8。此外，大多数情况下，操作需要的程序编码被独立地写到非易失性程序存储器8中。在这个程度上，在非易失性程序存储器8被写入时，存在着有关过电流熔断器6的所测量的阻抗的数据同样作为参数存储以用于将要执行的程序的可能性。这样，电信号可取决于电流IB在控制电路3中产生，并且所述电信号仍然仅在预设限度内偏离理论精确值。

Claims (3)

1.无刷直流电机(1)，具有多个电绕组(2)以及与该多个电绕组连接的控制电路(3)，所述控制电路(3)包括：开关装置(4)，用于从外部电源(UB)到绕组(2)的电压的时间依赖的施加；测量装置(5)，用于取决于来自外部电源(UB)经过控制电路(3)的电流(IB)产生电信号；和过电流熔断器(6)，用于保护控制电路(3)和绕组(2)，该无刷直流电机的特征在于横跨电流熔断器(6)的电压降能够作为输入值提供给测量装置(5)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无刷直流电机(1)，其中控制电路(3)包括电可读数据存储装置(8)和计算器件(7)，以便取决于能够从数据存储装置(5)读取的数据和横跨过电流熔断器(6)的电压计算电信号。
3.根据权利要求2所述的无刷直流电机(1)，其中能够从数据存储装置(8)读取的数据对过电流熔断器(6)的电特性与一预设值或一组预设值之间的差异编码，所述电特性具体是电阻。
CN201210153761.1A 2011-02-07 2012-02-07 无刷直流电机 Active CN102684441B (zh)

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DE102011010567A DE102011010567A1 (de) 2011-02-07 2011-02-07 Bürstenloser Gleichstrommotor
DE102011010567.0 2011-02-07

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DE102011010567A1 (de) 2012-08-09
EP2485355B1 (de) 2016-03-30
US10498133B2 (en) 2019-12-03
US20120200245A1 (en) 2012-08-09
EP2485355A1 (de) 2012-08-08
CN102684441B (zh) 2016-04-06

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