CN102675855B - 利用五氧化二磷的聚氨酯可降解塑料 - Google Patents
利用五氧化二磷的聚氨酯可降解塑料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102675855B CN102675855B CN201210037517.9A CN201210037517A CN102675855B CN 102675855 B CN102675855 B CN 102675855B CN 201210037517 A CN201210037517 A CN 201210037517A CN 102675855 B CN102675855 B CN 102675855B
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- Prior art keywords
- additive
- degradable
- urethane
- plastics
- flakes
- Prior art date
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- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 33
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title abstract description 33
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 78
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 229920006238 degradable plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- -1 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920003232 aliphatic polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920006264 polyurethane film Polymers 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000030944 contact inhibition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- SBJCUZQNHOLYMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Naphthalene diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=C=O)=CC=CC2=C1N=C=O SBJCUZQNHOLYMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocyanic acid Chemical class N=C=O OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical group CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(O)=O JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960005082 etohexadiol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical group O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic anhydride Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/82—Post-polymerisation treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2230/00—Compositions for preparing biodegradable polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020110014018A KR101039877B1 (ko) | 2011-02-17 | 2011-02-17 | 오산화인을 이용한 폴리우레탄 생분해성 플라스틱 |
| KR10-2011-0014018 | 2011-02-17 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102675855A CN102675855A (zh) | 2012-09-19 |
| CN102675855B true CN102675855B (zh) | 2014-06-18 |
Family
ID=44405235
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210037517.9A Active CN102675855B (zh) | 2011-02-17 | 2012-02-17 | 利用五氧化二磷的聚氨酯可降解塑料 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8445109B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP2489696A1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP5096625B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR101039877B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN102675855B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106084748A (zh) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-09 | 东莞市雄林新材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种可生物降解的tpu薄膜及其制备方法 |
| KR20230164335A (ko) | 2022-05-25 | 2023-12-04 | 주경옥 | 생분해성 플라스틱 조성물 및 이에 의해 제조된 생분해성 플라스틱 제품 |
| KR102637542B1 (ko) * | 2023-05-18 | 2024-02-16 | 주식회사 제이와이패키지 | 쇼핑백을 제조하고 검수하는 서비스를 제공하는 장치, 시스템, 방법 및 프로그램 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1081276A (en) * | 1965-04-27 | 1967-08-31 | Bayer Ag | Process for the production of cold setting compositions |
| US3625917A (en) * | 1963-12-16 | 1971-12-07 | Gen Electric | Organosilicon materials |
| CN1314427A (zh) * | 2000-03-16 | 2001-09-26 | 武汉大学 | 半互穿聚合物网络材料及其制备方法和用途 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3162609A (en) * | 1960-05-31 | 1964-12-22 | Dow Chemical Co | Self-extinguishing urethane polymer compositions |
| GB1078317A (en) * | 1964-09-18 | 1967-08-09 | Bayer Ag | Polyurethane materials |
| DE4225045A1 (de) * | 1992-07-29 | 1994-02-03 | Basf Ag | Verwendung von wasserlöslichen oder in Wasser dispergierbaren Polyurethanen als Hilfsmittel in kosmetischen und pharmazeutischen Zubereitungen und Polyurethane, die Polymilchsäurepolyole einpolymerisiert enthalten |
| US20040084791A1 (en) * | 2001-01-18 | 2004-05-06 | Kyu-Tek Han | Biodegradale polyurethane capsules and manufacturing method thereof |
| KR100346998B1 (ko) * | 2001-11-03 | 2002-07-31 | 주식회사 엘테크놀로지 | 폴리머의 분해를 촉진시키기 위한 첨가제 조성물 |
| KR100644998B1 (ko) * | 2006-08-17 | 2006-11-10 | 소재용 | 폴리우레탄용 복합분해제의 제조방법 및 그 방법에 의해제조된 복합분해제를 함유하는 복합분해성 폴리우레탄조성물 |
| KR20110011076A (ko) * | 2009-07-27 | 2011-02-08 | 박기수 | 무 항생제 축산물 신선포장재 |
-
2011
- 2011-02-17 KR KR1020110014018A patent/KR101039877B1/ko active Active
-
2012
- 2012-02-16 US US13/397,944 patent/US8445109B2/en active Active
- 2012-02-16 JP JP2012031416A patent/JP5096625B2/ja active Active
- 2012-02-16 EP EP20120155815 patent/EP2489696A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-02-17 CN CN201210037517.9A patent/CN102675855B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3625917A (en) * | 1963-12-16 | 1971-12-07 | Gen Electric | Organosilicon materials |
| GB1081276A (en) * | 1965-04-27 | 1967-08-31 | Bayer Ag | Process for the production of cold setting compositions |
| CN1314427A (zh) * | 2000-03-16 | 2001-09-26 | 武汉大学 | 半互穿聚合物网络材料及其制备方法和用途 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| "聚氨酯材料的老化降解";贺传兰;《聚氨酯工业》;20021231;第17卷(第3期);第1-5页 * |
| 贺传兰."聚氨酯材料的老化降解".《聚氨酯工业》.2002,第17卷(第3期),第1-5页. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8445109B2 (en) | 2013-05-21 |
| CN102675855A (zh) | 2012-09-19 |
| JP2012172152A (ja) | 2012-09-10 |
| EP2489696A1 (en) | 2012-08-22 |
| JP5096625B2 (ja) | 2012-12-12 |
| US20120213987A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
| KR101039877B1 (ko) | 2011-06-09 |
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