CN102675605B - 可溶性聚6,9-菲并噻吩及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
可溶性聚6,9-菲并噻吩及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于新型功能高分子材料,尤其是一种可溶性聚6,9-菲并噻吩,可广泛用于电致发光、光伏电池、非线性光学和传感领域。
背景技术
共轭聚合物的发展源于1977年日本科学家白川英树合成的聚乙炔膜,掺杂后可以导电,被称为“第四代高分子材料”。与具有相同或相近用途的无机材料相比,导电高分子具有密度低、易加工等优点。由于这类材料结构的共轭特性,使它能传输电荷、受激发光、从而能够或可能在许多电子或光电子器件上得到应用,如高分子发光二极管、光伏打电池、场效应管等。潜在的应用前景和广泛的应用领域促使科学家竞相研究这类具有光电活性的共轭材料,如聚乙炔、聚吡咯、聚噻吩、聚苯胺、聚苯撑乙烯、聚芴等。聚6,9-菲并噻吩,目前没有文献报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提一种可溶性聚6,9-菲并噻吩,该聚合物因为芳基上有长链的取代基团而可溶于各种溶剂,适合旋涂或者打印成膜,从而在光伏电池、非线性光学和传感领域得到应用。
同时,本发明的另一目的在于提供上述聚6,9-菲并噻吩的合成方法和应用。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
本发明的可溶性聚6,9-菲并噻吩,具有如下结构:
其中,R是烷基链;n为≥1的整数。
优选地,所述R为C6~C20的长链。
优选地,所述R为C6H13、C8H17、C10H21、C12H25、C16H33。
优选地,所述R为下列结构中的一种:
所述可溶性聚6,9-菲并噻吩的制备方法:将3,6-二溴菲醌和硫代二乙酸二甲酯反应,得到6,9-二溴菲并噻吩;通过Miyaura反应再将6,9-二溴菲并噻吩转化为相应的硼酸酯,将6,9-二溴菲并噻吩和它的硼酸酯进行聚合反应,得到聚6,9-菲并噻吩。
所述6,9-二溴菲醌通过Suzuki或者Yamamoto方法聚合。
聚6,9-菲并噻吩有着大共轭共平面结构,比聚芴类、聚硅芴类和聚咔唑类聚合物带隙窄,符合太阳能电池给体材料的要求;它的结构上含噻吩羧基和特殊的聚集态结构(表明链间有着特殊的相互作用),这将有利于和富勒烯(PCBM)的相容。以上两大特点使得聚6,9-菲并噻吩成为新型的太阳能电池材料。
本发明的优点有:
(1)材料合成的原料来源广泛,工艺可靠。
(2)本发明的聚6,9-菲并噻吩具有可溶性,因而适合旋涂或者打印成膜,从而在电致发光、光伏电池、非线性光学和传感领域得到应用。
附图说明
图1.6,9-二溴菲醌并[9,10-c]噻吩-1,3-二甲酸(2’-乙基己基)酯的核磁氢谱;
图2.6,9-二溴菲醌并[9,10-c]噻吩-1,3-二甲酸(2’-乙基己基)酯的核磁碳谱;
图3.6,9-嚬呐醇菲醌并[9,10-c]噻吩-1,3-二甲酸(2’-乙基己基)酯核磁氢谱;
图4.6,9-嚬呐醇菲醌并[9,10-c]噻吩-1,3-二甲酸(2’-乙基己基)酯核磁碳谱。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步具体详细描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此,对于未特别注明的工艺参数,可参照常规技术进行。
实施例1
(1)6,9-二溴菲醌并[9,10-c]噻吩-1,3-二甲酸(2’-乙基己基)酯的制备
合成路线如下:
取250ml单口瓶Ⅰ接恒压漏斗换氮气保护,迅速加入1.68g叔丁醇钾(t-BuOK),然后用注射器注入10ml甲醇,溶解放热,冷却后将单口瓶Ⅰ放入冰盐浴中搅拌。另取250ml单口瓶Ⅱ,称取1.09g3,6-二溴菲醌和0.54g硫代二乙酸二甲酯,换氮气保护,注入60ml苯,加热至70℃左右搅拌溶解,冷却至40℃快速加入恒压漏斗中,然后加入单口瓶Ⅰ中,反应液马上变为青褐色,撤除冰盐浴自然升温至室温搅拌反应5天。
5天后停止反应,反应液为棕黄色浊液。后处理如下:往反应瓶内加入约100ml水,搅拌,旋除有机溶液,过滤掉未溶解的固体,然后往滤液里滴入HCl溶液,搅拌,有大量黄色固体物析出,继续滴加HCl至固体物不再增加,置于60℃油浴中继续搅拌2h使其充分反应,最后抽滤得黄色固体,干燥得产物1.30克6,9-二溴菲醌并[9,10-c]噻吩-1,3-二甲酸。
将上述6,9-二溴菲醌并[9,10-c]噻吩-1,3-二甲酸粗产物加入到100ml单口瓶中,加入2滴DMF,再加入8mlSOCl2,接冷凝管和干燥管加热至80℃搅拌反应6h,固体物很快溶解为红棕色澄清液。反应完减压抽除多余的SOCl2得棕黄色固体。然后往固体物中迅速加入10ml2-乙基己基溴(EHBr),升温至100℃继续搅拌反应2h,此时反应液变为褐色清液。反应完减压抽除多余的EHBr,然后以石油醚:乙酸乙酯=20:1(体积比)为洗脱液,硅胶柱色谱提纯产物,甲醇重结晶得0.90g淡黄色固体物,此两步一起的产率为41%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):8.814(d,J=8.8,2H),8.410(d,J=2.0,2H),7.611(dd,J1=8.8,J2=1.2,2H),4.355(m,4H),1.761(m,2H),1.485(m,4H),1.422(m,4H),1.348(m,8H),0.974(t,6H),0.912(t,6H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3,ppm):162.851,136.739,131.515,130.844,129.461,128.826,127.954,124.552,121.544,68.941,38.949,30.569,29.002,24.011,23.009,14.071,11.13.
(2)6,9-嚬呐醇菲醌并[9,10-c]噻吩-1,3-二甲酸(2’-乙基己基)酯的制备
合成路线如下:
取0.704g(1mmol)6,9-二溴菲醌并[9,10-c]噻吩-1,3-二甲酸(2’-乙基己基)酯于100ml单口瓶中,加入0.762g(3mmol)联二嚬呐醇硼酸酯,CH3COOK0.6g,催化剂PdCl2(dppf)60mg,换氩气保护,用注射器注入20ml无水二氧六环溶液,置于80℃油浴中反应24h。反应完冷却,反应液为黑色浊液。取样走板,在石油醚:乙酸乙酯=9:1(体积比)中,产物点Rf=0.4,且有蓝色荧光。加氯仿充分溶解,过滤,旋除溶剂,以石油醚:乙酸乙酯=9:1为洗脱液,硅胶柱色谱提纯得0.55g淡黄色粘稠状半固体产物,产率69%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):8.987(s,2H),8.771(d,J=8.0,2H),7.931(d,J=8.0,2H),4.368(m,4H),1.752(m,2H),1.48~1.335(m,40H),0.971(t,6H),0.91(t,6H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3,ppm):163.811,137.533,135.111,134.165,133.11,128.502,126.493,122.802,83.945,77.33,77.012,76.694,68.67,38.761,30.473,28.936,24.952,23.842,22.962,14.03,11.056.
(3)聚(菲醌并[9,10-c]噻吩-1,3-二甲酸(2’-乙基己基)酯-6,9-基)
合成路线如下:
取氟化钾47mg于聚合管中,加入1ml无水NN二甲基甲酰胺,换氩气三次,110℃反应10mins使其络合,冷却。快速加入6,9-二溴菲醌并[9,10-c]噻吩-1,3-二甲酸(2’-乙基己基)酯和6,9-嚬呐醇菲醌并[9,10-c]噻吩-1,3-二甲酸(2’-乙基己基)酯各0.1mmol,催化剂三苯基膦四合钯(Pd(PPh3)4)3mg,换氩气后注入甲苯2ml,110℃反应48h,体系为橙红色。取10mg硼酸酯单体溶于1ml甲苯中并注入反应体系反应12h,然后再往反应体系中注入1ml溴苯,反应12h。得暗橙红色液体,且有固体析出。将反应体系滴入40ml无水乙醇和20ml水的混合体系中沉淀,搅拌0.5h。过滤并真空干燥得棕黄色偏黑的固体。取所得固体加入20mg TMT(硫代三聚氰酸)并用50ml丙酮回流24h,过滤。将所得滤饼用甲苯溶解并用细孔硅胶过柱。旋除溶剂,用约2ml二氯甲烷溶解固体产物滴入40ml无水乙醇中沉淀,过滤干燥得33mg棕黄色固体。
实施例2
(1)6,9-二溴菲醌并[9,10-c]噻吩-1,3-二甲酸(2’-乙基己基)酯的制备
合成路线如下:
取250ml单口瓶I接恒压漏斗换氮气保护,迅速加入1.68g t-BuOK,然后用注射器注入10ml甲醇,溶解放热,冷却后将反应瓶放入冰盐浴中搅拌。另取250ml单口瓶II,称取1.09g3,6-二溴菲醌和0.54g硫代二乙酸二甲酯,换氮气保护,注入60ml苯,加热至70℃左右搅拌溶解,冷却至40℃快速加入恒压漏斗中,然后加入反应瓶I中,反应液马上变为青褐色,撤除冰盐浴自然升温至室温搅拌反应5天。
5天后停止反应,反应液为棕黄色浊液。后处理如下:往反应瓶内加入约100ml水,搅拌,旋除有机溶液,过滤掉未溶解的固体,然后往滤液里滴入HCl溶液,搅拌,有大量黄色固体物析出,继续滴加HCl至固体物不再增加,置于60℃油浴中继续搅拌2h使其充分反应,最后抽滤得黄色固体,干燥得产物1.32克6,9-二溴菲醌并[9,10-c]噻吩-1,3-二甲酸,不再处理。
将上述6,9-二溴菲醌并[9,10-c]噻吩-1,3-二甲酸粗产物加入到100ml单口瓶中,加入2滴DMF,再加入8mlSOCl2,接冷凝管和干燥管加热至80℃搅拌反应6h,固体物很快溶解为红棕色澄清液。反应完减压抽除多余的SOCl2得棕黄色固体。然后往固体物中迅速加入10ml溴辛烷,升温至100℃继续搅拌反应2h,此时反应液变为褐色清液。反应完减压抽除多余的溴辛烷,然后以石油醚:乙酸乙酯=20:1(体积比)为洗脱液,硅胶柱色谱提纯产物,甲醇重结晶得0.92g淡黄色固体物,此两步一起的产率为41%。
(2)6,9-嚬呐醇菲醌并[9,10-c]噻吩-1,3-二甲酸辛基酯的制备
合成路线如下:
取0.704g(1mmol)6,9-二溴菲醌并[9,10-c]噻吩-1,3-二甲酸辛基酯于100ml单口瓶中,加入0.762g(3mmol)联二嚬呐醇硼酸酯,CH3COOK0.6g,催化剂PdCl2(dppf)60mg,换氩气保护,用注射器注入20ml无水二氧六环溶液,置于80℃油浴中反应24h。反应完冷却,反应液为黑色浊液。取样走板,在石油醚:乙酸乙酯=9:1(体积比)中,产物点Rf=0.4,且有蓝色荧光。加氯仿充分溶解,过滤,旋除溶剂,以石油醚:乙酸乙酯=9:1为洗脱液,硅胶柱色谱提纯得0.59g淡黄色粘稠状半固体产物,产率75%。
(3)聚(菲醌并[9,10-c]噻吩-1,3-二甲酸辛基酯-6,9-基)酯
合成路线如下:
取氟化钾47mg于聚合管中,加入1ml无水NN二甲基甲酰胺,换氩气三次,110℃反应10mins使其络合,冷却。快速加入6,9-二溴菲醌并[9,10-c]噻吩-1,3-二甲酸辛酯和6,9-嚬呐醇菲醌并[9,10-c]噻吩-1,3-二甲酸辛酯各0.1mmol,催化剂三苯基膦四合钯(Pd(PPh3)4)3mg,换氩气后注入甲苯2ml,110℃反应48h,体系为橙红色。取10mg硼酸酯单体溶于1ml甲苯中并注入反应体系反应12h,然后再往反应体系中注入1ml溴苯,反应12h。得暗橙红色液体,且有固体析出。将反应体系滴入40ml无水乙醇和20ml水的混合体系中沉淀,搅拌0.5h。过滤并真空干燥得棕黄色偏黑的固体。取所得固体加入20mg TMT(硫代三聚氰酸)并用50ml丙酮回流24h,过滤。将所得滤饼用甲苯溶解并用细孔硅胶过柱。旋除溶剂,用约2ml二氯甲烷溶解固体产物滴入40ml无水乙醇中沉淀,过滤干燥得39mg棕黄色固体。
Claims (6)
2.根据权利要求1所述可溶性聚6,9-菲并噻吩,其特征在于,所述R为C6H13、C8H17、C10H21、C12H25、C16H33。
4.根据权利要求1~3任意一项所述可溶性聚6,9-菲并噻吩的制备方法,其特征在于,将3,6-二溴菲醌和硫代二乙酸二甲酯反应,得到6,9-二溴菲并噻吩;通过Miyaura反应再将6,9-二溴菲并噻吩转化为相应的硼酸酯,将6,9-二溴菲并噻吩和它的硼酸酯进行聚合反应,得到聚6,9-菲并噻吩。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述6,9-二溴菲醌通过Suzuki或者Yamamoto方法聚合。
6.根据权利要求1~3任意一项所述可溶性聚6,9-菲并噻吩的应用,其特征在于,所述可溶性聚6,9-菲并噻吩应用于电致发光、光伏电池、非线性光学和传感领域。
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