CN102667383A - 用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气的设备和方法 - Google Patents

用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气的设备和方法 Download PDF

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CN102667383A
CN102667383A CN2010800259321A CN201080025932A CN102667383A CN 102667383 A CN102667383 A CN 102667383A CN 2010800259321 A CN2010800259321 A CN 2010800259321A CN 201080025932 A CN201080025932 A CN 201080025932A CN 102667383 A CN102667383 A CN 102667383A
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R·杜贝蒂尔-格勒尼耶
M·科尼亚尔
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于分离空气的设备，包括：第一中压蒸馏塔(1)；第二低压蒸馏塔(2)；第三低压蒸馏塔(3)；第一冷凝蒸发器(9、9A)；布置在第二塔的底部中的第二冷凝蒸发器(5)；用于将空气供应给第一塔的管道(33)；用于将富氮液体从第一塔的顶部供应至第三塔的顶部的管道(35)；用于将液体从第三塔的底部供应至第一冷凝蒸发器的至少一个管道(23)；用于将液体从第一塔的底部供应至第三塔的管道(25)；用于将液体从第一冷凝蒸发器供应至第二塔的管道(21)；用于将气体从第二塔的顶部供应至第三塔的底部的管道(15、19)，其中，第一塔、第二塔和第三塔并排布置。

Description

用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气的设备和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气的设备和方法。
背景技术
已知的，用于分离空气的常规设备(“双塔”型)设置有：
·中压塔上方的低压塔，通过蒸发器进行热交换；
·并排的低压塔和中压塔(colonne moyenne pression，均压塔)，具有液体回流泵(从低压塔至冷凝蒸发器的液氧或者从冷凝蒸发器至中压塔的液氮)以及用于输送气体(从冷凝蒸发器至低压塔的气态氧的返回以及从中压塔至冷凝蒸发器的气态氮的输送)的管道。
已知，由于第一布置防止了气体返回管道中的压力的损失和来自液体回流泵的能量的损失，所以第一布置使得可以获得改进的能量性能。
已知，用于分离空气的在低压塔中具有两个冷凝蒸发器的设备设置有：
·在布置1中：低压塔(及其两个蒸发器)位于中压塔上方(FR-A-2724011，图1和4)。
·在布置2中：低压塔的底部位于地面上并且低压塔的顶部位于中压塔上方，以便直接通过中压塔的塔顶蒸发器进行热交换(FR-A-2724011的图2和3)。
·在布置3中：低压塔(及其两个蒸发器)在中压塔的一侧(US-A-6134915，EP-A-0195065)。
已知，布置1和2允许获得相等的能量性能。在这两种情况下，在气体管道中有压力损失并且没有液体回流泵。
没有文献提出将低压塔的上部置于地面上，或者甚至低压塔的上部不包含冷凝再沸器。
出人意料地，对于使用在低压塔中具有至少两个蒸发器的双塔的极低能量方法，得出的结论是就能量消耗而言，性能最佳的布置是：
-中压塔位于地面上，
-低压塔的上部部段位于地面上，
-低压塔的下部部段位于地面上。
主要原因在于中压塔和低压塔之间的压力差通常小于2bar绝对压强，这使得当低压塔的部段安装在中压塔的上方时，必须安装泵以便提升液体。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种用于分离空气的设备，包括：能够在一中间压力下运行的第一蒸馏塔；能够在一低压下运行的第二蒸馏塔，能够在一低压下或在所述低压下运行的第三蒸馏塔；第一冷凝蒸发器；布置在第二塔的底部中的第二冷凝蒸发器；用于将空气至少供应给第一塔的管道；用于将富氮液体从第一塔的顶部供应至第三塔的顶部的管道；用于将液体从第三塔的底部供应至第一冷凝蒸发器的至少一个管道；用于将液体从第一塔的底部供应至第三塔的管道；用于将液体从第一冷凝蒸发器供应至第二塔的管道；用于将来自第二塔的塔顶馏分气体供应至第三塔的底部的管道，第一塔、第二塔和第三塔并排布置，并且可能地全部布置在地面上。
优选地，第二塔至少包含位于第二冷凝蒸发器上方的第三冷凝蒸发器。
能够在低温下运行的设备元件(例如液氧蒸发器)可布置在一个塔的下方，并且其中，其它两个塔和该设备元件直接布置在地面上。
加压装置可与第二塔的底部和液氧蒸发器相连接。
第一冷凝蒸发器可以位于第一塔的上方并且与第一塔的顶部连接，以便容许通过来自第一塔的气体而再沸腾。
优选地，所述设备仅包括一个与所述塔中的两个相连接的泵。
所述泵可以与用于将液体从第二塔的底部供应至第一冷凝再沸器的两个管道相连接。
气体管道可以将第一冷凝器连接至第三塔的底部。
第二塔和/或第三塔的顶部可低于第一冷凝再沸器且优选地低于第一塔的顶部。
第一塔中的充填密度可以低于第二塔和/或第三塔的充填密度。
优选地，第三塔不包含冷凝再沸器。
第二塔还可包含第三冷凝再沸器以及布置在第三冷凝再沸器上方的用于交换热量和物质的装置。
用于将来自第二塔的塔顶馏分气体供应至第三塔的底部的管道可以与用于在第一冷凝再沸器中蒸发的气体的管道相连接。
优选地，所述设备元件是布置在第三塔的下方的液氧蒸发器。
第一塔的运行压力与第二塔和第三塔中的至少一个的压力之间的压力差优选小于3bar、优选地2.5bar、优选地2bar。
第二塔的顶部的运行压力和第三塔的底部的运行压力之间的压力差小于1bar、优选地小于0.5bar、优选地小于0.2bar。
附图说明
参考附图更加详细地描述本发明，附图示出了根据本发明用于分离空气的设备。
具体实施方式
图1中，所述设备包括在中压下运行的第一塔1、在低压下运行的第二塔2和在略低于第二塔2的压力的低压下运行的第三塔3，低压塔优选地在小于500mbar(且优选地200mbar)的压力差下运行，该压力差是从塔3的底部和塔2的顶部之间测量到的。在各塔的中部测到的、中压塔1和低压塔2或3之间的压力差小于3bar，优选地2.5bar，优选地2bar。
这三个塔1、2、3放置在地面27上，但是由于产品蒸发器11被放置在第三塔3的下方所以第三塔3被提升。当然，可以将蒸发器11放置在其它地方且将塔3直接放置在地面27上。地面27由混凝土基料或其它平坦表面构成。
已被净化和冷却的压缩空气流33进入第一塔1的底部——在其中压缩空气流33被分离，从而形成富氧流25和富氮流。富氧流25进入第三塔3的较低位置。富氮流在第一塔的塔顶冷凝器9中冷凝。所述冷凝器9被液流23冷却，该液流23由置于地面27上的泵13从第三塔3的底部泵送并且加压。来自冷凝器9的已蒸发的液体17与第二塔2的塔顶馏分气体15混合，以便形成供应至第三塔3的底部的气态流19。将来自冷凝器9的液体21供应至第二塔2的塔顶。
第二塔2包含一个或两个或更多个再沸器，包括底部再沸器5和可能地中间再沸器7。所述再沸器可以通过任何合适的方法加热，包括通过经冷压缩或未经冷压缩的空气流，或者通过经冷压缩或未经冷压缩的氮流。在第二塔2的低水平位置处抽取气态或液态氧的流29。所述液态氧的流可以被泵(未示出)加压并且进入蒸发器11从而形成加压气态流。
液氮流35在阀中膨胀并进入第三塔3的顶部，并且在第三塔3的顶部抽取富氮气态流31。优选地，第三塔3的顶部低于第一塔1的顶部，由此通过重力流而方便该传输。
图2和图1的区别在于，图1示出的冷凝器9为浴式蒸发器，而图2示出了薄膜式蒸发器9。在本例中，从冷凝器抽取的流21是两相流且如图1中一样流到第二塔的顶部。没有产生流17。
图3和4是图1和2的变型，分别示出了没有蒸发器11或蒸发器11放置在除位于一个塔的下方的位置外的其它位置。在本例中，三个塔直接放置在地面27上。
图5和6分别示出了图1和2的变型，其中，第二塔仅包含一个再沸器，即底部再沸器5。在本例中，第二塔自然较短。该底部再沸器5可以通过可能经压缩的或者可能经冷压缩的氮或空气加热。
根据本发明，应理解必须有最多一个或者甚至两个泵。第一泵是用于将液体从第三塔的底部提升至第一塔塔顶冷凝器的泵13。用于其中需要加压形式的氧的场合的第二泵用于加压液态氧。为了提升其它液体例如液体25，塔之间的压力差应该足以夹带液体。
第一塔1包含相对低的充填密度(例如250m2/m3至500m2/m3的密度)并且第二塔和/或第三塔包含相对高的充填密度(例如600m2/m3至1000m2/m3)以便获得最高可能的第一塔1以及最低可能的第二塔2和/或第三塔3，使得由于重力而在第一塔上方的蒸发器与第二塔和/或第三塔之间产生流。以此方式促进管道21、35中的液体的通过。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于分离空气的设备，包括：能够在一中压下运行的第一蒸馏塔(1)；能够在一低压下运行的第二蒸馏塔(2)；能够在一低压下或在所述低压下运行的第三蒸馏塔(3)；第一冷凝蒸发器(9、9A)；布置在所述第二蒸馏塔的底部中的第二冷凝蒸发器(5)；用于将空气至少供应给所述第一蒸馏塔的管道(33)；用于将富氮液体从所述第一蒸馏塔的顶部供应至所述第三蒸馏塔的顶部的管道(35)；用于将液体从所述第三蒸馏塔的底部供应至所述第一冷凝蒸发器的至少一个管道(23)；用于将液体从所述第一蒸馏塔的底部供应至所述第三蒸馏塔的管道(25)；用于将液体从所述第一冷凝蒸发器供应至所述第二蒸馏塔的管道(21)；用于将来自所述第二蒸馏塔的塔顶馏分气体供应至所述第三蒸馏塔的底部的管道(15、19)，所述第一蒸馏塔、所述第二蒸馏塔和所述第三蒸馏塔并排布置，可能地全部布置在地面(27)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，能够在低温下运行的设备元件，例如液氧蒸发器(11)，布置在所述塔(1、2、3)中的一个塔的下方，并且其中，所述塔中的其它两个塔和该设备元件直接放置在地面上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备，包括与所述第二蒸馏塔(2)的底部和所述液氧蒸发器(11)相连接的用于加压的装置。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第一冷凝蒸发器(9、9A)位于所述第一蒸馏塔(1)的上方并且与所述第一蒸馏塔的顶部相连接，以允许通过来自所述第一蒸馏塔的气体而再沸腾。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的设备，仅包括一个与所述塔中的两个相连接的泵(13)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的设备，其特征在于，所述泵(13)与用于将液体从所述第二蒸馏塔(2)的底部供应至所述第一冷凝再沸器(9、9A)的两个管道(23)相连接。
7.根据前述权利要求之一所述的设备，包括将所述第一冷凝再沸器(9)连接至所述第三蒸馏塔(3)的底部的气体管道(17、19)。
8.根据前述权利要求之一所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第二蒸馏塔(2)和/或所述第三蒸馏塔(3)的顶部低于所述第一冷凝再沸器(9、9A)且优选地低于所述第一蒸馏塔(1)的顶部，所述第一蒸馏塔(1)中的充填密度可低于所述第二蒸馏塔(2)和/或所述第三蒸馏塔(3)的充填密度。
9.根据前述权利要求之一所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第三蒸馏塔不包含冷凝再沸器。
10.根据前述权利要求之一所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第二蒸馏塔(2)还包含第三冷凝再沸器(7)以及布置在该第三冷凝再沸器上方的用于交换热量和物质的装置。
11.根据前述权利要求之一所述的设备，其特征在于，用于将来自所述第二蒸馏塔的塔顶馏分气体供应至所述第三蒸馏塔的底部的管道(15、19)与用于在所述第一冷凝再沸器(9)中蒸发的气体的管道(17)相连接。
12.根据前述权利要求之一所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备元件是布置在所述第三蒸馏塔(3)的下方的液氧蒸发器(11)。
13.一种使用前述权利要求之一所述的设备分离空气的方法，其中，所述第一蒸馏塔(1)的运行压力与所述第二蒸馏塔(2)和所述第三蒸馏塔(3)中的至少一个的压力之间的压力差小于3bar、优选地2.5bar、优选地2bar。
14.一种使用权利要求1至12之一所述的设备分离空气的方法，其特征在于，所述第二蒸馏塔(2)的顶部的运行压力和所述第三蒸馏塔(3)的底部的运行压力之间的压力差小于1bar、优选地小于0.5bar、优选地小于0.2bar。
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