CN102656255A - 用来除去硫化氢的改进方法 - Google Patents

用来除去硫化氢的改进方法 Download PDF

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CN102656255A
CN102656255A CN2010800568537A CN201080056853A CN102656255A CN 102656255 A CN102656255 A CN 102656255A CN 2010800568537 A CN2010800568537 A CN 2010800568537A CN 201080056853 A CN201080056853 A CN 201080056853A CN 102656255 A CN102656255 A CN 102656255A
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D·R·康普顿
S·杰弗瑞斯
R·萨普
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种使用辛酸锌从粘性石油物流中除去硫化物的方法,所述粘性石油物流是例如沥青、原油和油基砂浆,所述辛酸锌中锌与辛酸络合的摩尔比不等于1:2。因为锌是+2价,羧酸是–1价,之前人们假设所有的辛酸锌的锌与羧酸的比例必然为1:2。但是,所述辛酸锌制剂的比例不等于1:2,具体来说,其比例范围为2.1:3至1.97:3,这样的比例范围实际上能够更好地起作用。另外,这些比例不等于1:2的制剂的粘度更低,因此使用起来要比比例等于1:2的现有制剂更容易。

Description

用来除去硫化氢的改进方法
相关申请的交叉参考
关于联邦资助开发研究的声明
未应用。
发明背景
本发明涉及辛酸锌作为硫化氢清除剂的应用。石油沥青是作为热分离精炼工艺的残余物制得的。所述热分离工艺会导致热裂解的发生,热裂解通常会导致沥青物流中包含硫化氢。实际上,即使当沥青离开工艺操作的真空蒸馏部分之后,热裂解仍然在沥青中继续进行,在高温条件下尤为明显。为了对沥青进行安全装载、处理和储存,需要将沥青中的硫化氢含量减少到安全的水平。在过去,所述硫化氢含量的减少是通过对热沥青进行足够长时间的风化来实现的,使得硫化氢减少到安全的水平。这不仅需要很长的时间(几天时间),而且还会向储存处的蒸气空间内释放硫化氢,这会造成毒害问题。另外,近来欧洲环境规定的日益严格提高了对排放气体中硫化氢含量的限制。
为了避免这些问题,人们进行了其它的努力,包括在较低温度下操作真空蒸馏塔,以减少残余物中的热裂解。通过加快沥青在冷却回路中的流速,实现了较低温度的操作。但是,与在较高温度条件下的操作相比,该较低温度的操作效率较低,生产率和热量回收也会降低。用来解决该问题的其它相关方法可以参见欧洲专利公开第0121377号和欧洲专利第000 421 683A1号。
美国专利第5,000,835号描述了使用金属羧酸盐作为氢清除剂。该专利描述了具有6-24个碳原子的金属羧酸盐的反应。在这些金属羧酸盐中,羰基作为带相反电荷的金属的载体,使得金属处于可溶于有机环境的形式,使得金属可以与溶解的硫化氢相接触。当金属羧酸盐中的金属与溶解的硫化氢反应的时候,此二者形成不溶性金属硫化物,从而消除了硫化氢的毒性和腐蚀性。虽然该专利描述了使用辛酸锌,该辛酸锌是油溶性的并且容易得到,但是该专利还描述了辛酸锌的效果逊于其它的金属羧酸盐。
因此,人们需要使用辛酸锌作为硫化氢清除剂的改进方法。除非明确说明,此部分并不表示申请人承认本文中引用的任何专利、出版物或其它信息所述的技术是本发明的“现有技术”。此外,此部分不应解释为已作出检索或不存在37C.F.R.§.1.56(a)规定的其它相关信息。
发明概述
本发明的至少一个实施方式涉及用来从粘性石油物流中除去硫化物的方法,所述粘性石油物流是例如沥青、原油和油基砂浆。该方法包括向所述物流加入有效量的辛酸锌的步骤,其中与锌与辛酸络合的摩尔比不是1:2。所述辛酸锌可以是辛酸氧锌(oxo zinc octoate),可以是四核辛酸氧锌(tetranuclear oxozinc octoate)。所述锌与辛酸的摩尔比可以大于1:2。所述辛酸锌可以以流体的方式加入,所述流体的粘度小于锌/辛酸摩尔比等于1:2的类似流体。
本发明的至少一个实施方式涉及一种使用流体从石油物流中除去硫化物的方法,所述流体中锌与辛酸的摩尔比为2.1:3,1.97:3,或者为2.1:3至1.97:3。加入有机液体的辛酸锌的剂量可以为1-2000ppm。通过所述加入操作可以将硫化物的量减少至少50%。所述辛酸锌可以在低粘度流体中加入,在所述低粘度流体中,锌金属含量占所述流体的5-20重量%。
附图说明
以下将具体结合附图对本发明进行详细描述:
图1是显示作为硫化氢清除剂的各种辛酸锌的粘度的图。材料的粘度越低,则其越容易加入沥青并分散在沥青中。
具体实施方式
辛酸锌是一种8碳的羧酸(具体来说是2-乙基己酸),其中锌离子与酸的氧原子配合。因为锌是+2价,羧酸是-1价,之前人们假设所有的辛酸锌中锌与羧酸的比例必然为1:2。如图1所示,这些1:2的辛酸锌容易发生聚合,形成高粘度的材料,使得它们作为硫化氢清除剂的实际用途非常有限。
在至少一个实施方式中,使用的辛酸锌的锌/酸比例不等于1:2。在羧酸氧锌中,一个或多个氧原子与两个或更多个锌原子键合,形成的氧-锌基团是与羧酸的羰基络合的锌物质。在至少一个实施方式中,所述氧-锌基团是四核氧-锌,其中四个锌原子与一个氧基键合,使得锌与羧酸的比例为2:3。
在一个实施方式中,所述锌与羧酸的比例为1.97:3至2.1:3。
该比例促进了全部的锌的反应,防止了混浊的外观,如果有混浊现象,则表示有残留的未反应的氧化锌。
通过使用这些非1:2比例的辛酸锌,获得了很多的优点。首先,制得的辛酸盐中,每摩尔辛酸根对应的锌原子数更多。因为锌原子是除去硫化物的主要推动因素,因此每摩尔物质中锌的浓度增大,提高了辛酸盐的效率。其次,如图1所示,比例不等于1:2的辛酸锌的粘度小于比例等于1:2的辛酸盐,由此得到应用性更高的辛酸盐,所述辛酸盐具有比粘度较大的辛酸锌更高效的浓度。较低的粘度是出人意料的结果,这是因为人们会认为络合物可以将更多的分子结合在一起,具有较高的粘度,但是,测试结果证明,当该比例为2:3的时候,得到了较低的粘度结果。图1显示了在芳族溶剂中制备的辛酸锌的四氧形式和聚合物形式相对于温度粘度减小。
四核辛酸氧锌的化学结构如下:
μ-Zn4O-μ-(O2C8H15)6
实施例
通过以下实施例可以更好地理解本发明的上述内容,提供以下实施例仅是为了说明,不是用来限制本发明的范围。
在相同的芳族溶剂中制备了大量样品。使用气体快速检测仪(DraegerTube)测试各种样品的蒸气空间H2S水平。表I显示了样品在315-325℉的温度下加热2小时之后的效果。表II表明本发明的组合物即使在更短的时间之后也非常有效。
表1
Figure BDA00001765883600041
表II
Figure BDA00001765883600042
本发明可以以多种不同的形式实施,但是本发明在附图中显示并详细描述了优选的具体实施方式。本发明公开的内容是对本发明原理的示例说明,并不将本发明限于所描述的具体实施方式。本文中述及的所有专利、专利申请、科学论文和任意其他参考文献都通过引用全文纳入本文。此外,本发明包含本文所描述和归入本文的部分或全部不同实施方式的任意可能的组合。
以上揭示的内容是说明性的,而不是完全的。本领域普通技术人员想到很多的变化和替代形式。所有这些替代和变化形式都包括在权利要求书范围之内,在权利要求书中,术语″包括″表示″包括,但不限于″。本领域的技术人员可以考虑到与本文所述的具体实施方式等同的其他等价形式,这些等价形式也包括在权利要求书范围之内。
本文公开的所有范围和参数应理解为包括范围内的任意和全部的子范围和端点之间的每个数值。例如,所述范围“1-10”应理解为包括最小值1和最大值10之间(包括该值)的任意和全部子范围;即从大于或等于最小值1开始(例如1-6.1),至小于或等于最大值10结束(例如2.3-9.4,3-8,4-7)的全部子范围,和该范围中包含的最终各数值1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9和10。
本发明优选实施方式和替代实施方式的描述。本领域技术人员可以考虑到与本文所述的具体实施方式等同的其他等价形式,这些等价形式也包括在所附权利要求书范围之内。

Claims (12)

1.一种用来从石油物流中除去硫化物的方法,所述方法包括向有机液体加入有效量的辛酸锌的步骤,其中锌与辛酸络合的摩尔比不是1:2。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述辛酸锌是辛酸氧锌。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述辛酸锌是四核辛酸氧锌。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述锌与辛酸的摩尔比大于1:2。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述辛酸锌在流体中加入,所述流体的粘度小于锌/辛酸摩尔比等于1:2的类似流体的粘度。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述石油物流选自:沥青、原油、油基砂浆、以及它们的任意组合。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述锌与辛酸的摩尔比为2.1:3。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述锌与辛酸的摩尔比为1.97:3。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述锌与辛酸的摩尔比为2.1:3至1.97:3。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,加入所述有机液体中的辛酸锌的剂量为1-2000ppm。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述加入的辛酸锌使所述硫化物减少至少50%。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述辛酸锌在低粘度流体中加入,锌金属含量占所述流体的5-20重量%。
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