CN102635631B - 轴承 - Google Patents

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Publication number
CN102635631B
CN102635631B CN201210031879.7A CN201210031879A CN102635631B CN 102635631 B CN102635631 B CN 102635631B CN 201210031879 A CN201210031879 A CN 201210031879A CN 102635631 B CN102635631 B CN 102635631B
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bearing
torque
rolling element
rotary body
inner rotary
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CN102635631A (zh
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J·黑克尔
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/083Structural association with bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/06Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/38Ball cages
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/581Raceways; Race rings integral with other parts, e.g. with housings or machine elements such as shafts or gear wheels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H13/00Gearing for conveying rotary motion with constant gear ratio by friction between rotary members
    • F16H13/06Gearing for conveying rotary motion with constant gear ratio by friction between rotary members with members having orbital motion
    • F16H13/08Gearing for conveying rotary motion with constant gear ratio by friction between rotary members with members having orbital motion with balls or with rollers acting in a similar manner
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/003Couplings; Details of shafts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/085Structural association with bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at only one end of the rotor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/44Needle bearings
    • F16C19/46Needle bearings with one row or needles
    • F16C19/466Needle bearings with one row or needles comprising needle rollers and an outer ring, i.e. subunit without inner ring
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C21/00Combinations of sliding-contact bearings with ball or roller bearings, for exclusively rotary movement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2380/00Electrical apparatus
    • F16C2380/26Dynamo-electric machines or combinations therewith, e.g. electro-motors and generators
    • F16C2380/27Motor coupled with a gear, e.g. worm gears

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)
  • Friction Gearing (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种轴承,所述轴承(30)具有内旋转体(38)、至少一个在内旋转体(38)上绕行的滚动体(34)和一个在至少一个滚动体(34)上绕行的外旋转体(36),所述轴承(30)适于能借助于驱动装置(46)将转矩导入内旋转体(38)、滚动体(34)和外旋转体(36)三个部件中的一个上并且能借助于从动装置(48)将转矩从内旋转体(38)、滚动体(34)和外旋转体(36)三个部件中的另一个导出。

Description

轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及一种轴承,该轴承具有内旋转体、至少一个在内旋转体上绕行的滚动体和一个在至少一个滚动体上绕行的外旋转体。此外,本发明还涉及这种轴承的应用。
背景技术
所称类型的轴承在机器和设备上以各种不同的方式特别是用于将轴支撑和可旋转地支承在所属的壳体部件上。在此,内旋转体径向上相对于外旋转体被支撑。在此这里所称的旋转运动应理解为相对于彼此,其中应包含,一个旋转体本身还可以位置固定地设置,而至少一个其他的体则相对于该旋转体旋转或绕行。
在此,轴承得到应用,特别是用来在电动驱动机构上以可旋转的方式支承电动机的轴。
发明内容
依据本发明,提出一种轴承,所述轴承具有内旋转体、至少一个在内旋转体上绕行的滚动体和一个在至少一个滚动体上绕行的外旋转体,其中所述轴承适于能够借助于驱动装置将转矩导入内旋转体、滚动体和外旋转体组成的组中的一个部件上并且能够借助于从动装置将转矩从内旋转体、滚动体和外旋转体这三个部件中的另一个导出。
这种依据本发明的轴承同时作为行星齿轮传动机构起作用,借助其可以将转矩从驱动装置传递到从动装置上并与此同时在其量上进行变换。通过转矩变换,同时实现了在驱动装置与从动装置之间的转速变换。
在这种借助于滚动轴承构成的“行星齿轮传动机构”中,内旋转体起太阳轮的作用,至少一个滚动体起行星轮的作用并且外旋转体起内齿圈的作用。所要变换的转矩被导入到所述体中的一个上并从另一个体导出。因为这借助滚动轴承及其部件实现,所以不需要额外的传动机构来变换转矩。相应地,可以使整个装置的成本保持很低并且还使其结构空间保持很小。
这种依据本发明的轴承装置的旋转体作为径向的支撑元件起作用并同时作为转矩转换器或转矩传递器起作用。在这些体或元件之间,用于传输转矩的力在此特别有利地仅借助于力锁合或摩擦锁合来传递。对于在两个物体之间的力锁合或者说力锁合方式的连接的情况,只要不超过由静摩擦引起的反作用力,这些物体的相对移动就被阻止。如果切向作用于物体的负荷力大于其静摩擦力,那么力锁合失效并且物体的表面打滑或相对于彼此运动。
至少一个滚动体优选地由轴承保持架包围,该轴承保持架适于作为用于导入转矩的驱动装置或作为用于导出转矩的从动装置起作用。
因此,所述至少一个滚动体在这种装置中作为保持在行星架上或在行星架上被引导的行星轮起作用。行星架由轴承保持架构成。在公知的滚动轴承上本来就经常设有这种类型的轴承保持架,以防止滚动体相互间的相对摩擦。因此,具有该轴承保持架的改进方案可以不影响成本地或至少成本非常低廉地制造。
轴承保持架有利地设有杯形凸缘,用于将导入或导出的转矩传递到轴上。
杯形凸缘用作传递元件,借助其可以将转矩从轴承保持架的区域,也就是从该装置沿径向更靠外的区域导入其中心。在此,特别地,轴位于该装置的中心,凸缘将转矩传递到该轴上,进而该轴可以特别地作为从动轴起作用。
在杯形凸缘的内部优选地设有另一轴承,借助于该另一轴承,凸缘可以沿径向支撑在内旋转体上。如此,凸缘进而轴承保持架可以通过简单和成本低廉的方式沿径向定位并固定,由此可以避免特别是轴承保持架上的摩擦损耗和磨损。
此外,内旋转体优选被构造为固定不动的。
因此,转矩传递在旋转的外旋转体与至少一个滚动体或特别是轴承保持架之间进行。在此,优选地,特别是外旋转体被驱动。然后轴承保持架比外旋转体更快地绕行,由此实现转速变换。
替代地,在依据本发明的轴承装置中,外旋转体被构造为固定不动的。
然后,在旋转的内旋转体与所述至少一个滚动体或特别是轴承保持架之间进行转矩传递。对此,有利地,特别是内旋转体被驱动。然后轴承保持架转动得比内旋转体更慢,由此实现转速变换。
此外,本发明还提出这种依据本发明的轴承在驱动机构上,特别是在电动驱动机构上,如特别是电动机上的应用。
附图说明
下面依据示意性附图对依据本发明的解决方案的实施例进行详细说明。
附图示出了依据本发明的轴承的实施例连同所属驱动机构的纵向剖视图。
具体实施方式
附图中示出了驱动机构10,该驱动机构由电动机12构成。在此,电动机12可以在从动轴14上产生转矩。
电动机12构造有罐状壳体16,参照附图,该罐状壳体在右侧通过壳体盖18基本上是封闭的。罐状壳体16是电动机12定子20的一部分,该定子与在定子20内侧的转子22以常规方式共同作用,以产生所述的转矩。
转子22包括驱动轴24,该驱动轴借助于特别是滑动轴承、滚针轴承或球轴承形式的轴承26相对于罐状壳体16沿径向被支撑。驱动轴24此外与汇流环触点28联接,以通过这种方式向转子22传递电能。此外,驱动轴24借助于被构造为球轴承的轴承30相对于壳体盖18沿径向并也沿轴向得到支撑。轴承30因此既形成径向轴承,也形成轴向轴承并被称为驱动轴24的所谓的固定轴承,而轴承26则形成具有一定轴向运动自由度的浮动轴承。
轴承30通过内圈32和球体形式的多个滚动体34构成。此外,轴承30具有外圈作为外旋转体36,其沿径向在外部包住滚动体34,从而这些滚动体一方面在内圈32上滚动并且另一方面在外旋转体36上滚动。通过驱动轴24和内圈32,在此构成所谓的内旋转体38。
滚动体34由轴承保持架40包住,该轴承保持架作为圆环或圆形套筒在内圈32与作为外旋转体36的外圈之间延伸并且在此包住各单个滚动体34,使这些滚动体在其“赤道”上被轴承保持架40包围,而它们则通过其“极”紧贴在内圈32和外圈上。
轴承保持架40与杯形凸缘42以传递转矩的方式联接,特别是被构造为一体,参照附图的右侧,该凸缘与轴承保持架40紧接。杯形凸缘42从它那方面而言与轴44传递转矩地联接,在附图继续靠右侧,该轴与凸缘42连接。
在这种类型的驱动机构10中,通过定子20和转子22构成驱动装置46,借助于该驱动装置可以向驱动轴24和内圈32(作为内旋转体38)导入转矩。通过滚动体34、轴承保持架40、凸缘42和轴44构成从动装置48,然后借助于该从动装置可以将转矩从驱动机构10导出。内圈32在此与滚动体34和轴承保持架40以行星齿轮传动机构的方式共同作用,由此实现驱动轴24的转速减速为轴44的转速,而为此无需特殊的传动机构。
为了特别是在径向上支撑轴44,在此,在杯形凸缘42的内部设置滚针轴承50,借助于该滚针轴承驱动轴24通过其端部区域抵在凸缘42的内周面上得到支撑。

Claims (5)

1.一种轴承(30),所述轴承具有内旋转体(38)、至少一个在内旋转体(38)上绕行的滚动体(34)和一个在至少一个滚动体(34)上绕行的外旋转体(36),其特征在于,所述轴承(30)能够借助于驱动装置(46)将转矩导入内旋转体(38)、滚动体(34)和外旋转体(36)三个部件中的一个上并且能够借助于从动装置(48)将转矩从内旋转体(38)、滚动体(34)和外旋转体(36)三个部件中的另一个导出。
2.按照权利要求1所述的轴承,其特征在于,所述至少一个滚动体(34)由轴承保持架(40)包围,该轴承保持架能够作为用于导入转矩的驱动装置或作为用于导出转矩的从动装置(48)起作用。
3.按照权利要求2所述的轴承,其特征在于,所述轴承保持架(40)设有杯形凸缘(42),用于将导入或导出的转矩传递到轴(44)上。
4.按照权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的轴承,其特征在于,所述内旋转体被构造为固定不动的。
5.按照权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的轴承,其特征在于,所述外旋转体(36)被构造为固定不动的。
CN201210031879.7A 2011-02-11 2012-02-10 轴承 Expired - Fee Related CN102635631B (zh)

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DE102011003982.1 2011-02-11

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CN102635631B true CN102635631B (zh) 2015-11-25

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EP1199484A2 (de) * 2000-10-20 2002-04-24 INA Wälzlager Schaeffler oHG Dreiringwälzlager für Lüfterkupplung
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GB2488003A (en) 2012-08-15
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GB201121321D0 (en) 2012-01-25
FR2971569A1 (fr) 2012-08-17

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