CN102635358A - Sill pillar-free block caving method mining process capable of reducing waste rock interfusion amount through water injection - Google Patents
Sill pillar-free block caving method mining process capable of reducing waste rock interfusion amount through water injection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sill pillar-free block caving method mining process capable of reducing waste rock interfusion amount through water injection, aiming to solve the problem that an end ore drawing caving mining method is high in loss and dilution. The sill pillar-free block caving mining method comprises the steps of: completing each sublevel ore drawing in a stage, injecting water and seeping the water into a drawhole of the stoping roadway uniformly and overlying rock around the end wall at each sublevel stoping roadway end of the stage except undermost sublevel, standing for 1-3 days, discharging excess water in the overlying rock through drainage ditches at two sides of the stoping roadway, bonding the overlying rock to reduce the flowability and carrying out blasting and ore drawing stoping of the next ore caving step pitches, wherein the newly caved ore is dry and good in the flowability to ensure that the purpose that the ore is easy to draw out and the rock is not easy to draw out is realized, therefore, the ore recovery rate is effectively increased and the ore dilution and loss are reduced. The sill pillar-free block caving method mining process disclosed by the invention is simple, low in cost and good in benefit and has the advantages that: the ore is basically drawn out in a pure form, the loss and the dilution are few and the effect on mines of which silt-containing rock of the overlying layer is heavy and the stope water quantity is few is obvious.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the underground mining method technical field, relate in particular to a kind of water filling and reduce the no foundation block caving method mining technology that barren rock is sneaked into.
Background technology
Underground mining method comprises adopts standard, cutting and three basic working procedure of back production; Press the mode of safeguarding to be divided into openstope method, filling method and caved stopes three major types by ground; Caved stopes is the mining methods of controlling and pressing with managing with avalanche country rock bashing; The end ore-drawing collapse method of a large amount of ore drawings because have that process structure is simple, mining rate is big, efficient is high, mechanization degree is high, advantage such as safety, mining cost are low, worldwide be widely used.The end ore-drawing collapse method of a large amount of ore drawings mainly contains two types of sublevel caving method and block caving methods.
Sublevel caving method is that ore body is divided into some stages; To the stage be divided into plurality of segments; Mode by rhombus is staggered is arranged the substoping route, and segmentation is carried out actual mining by a less ore caving interval under covering layer one by one from top to bottom, and sublevel caving method is divided into sill pillars sublevel caving method and sublevel caving method without sill pillar according to the ore removal mode; The sill pillars sublevel caving method bottom is provided with polycrystalline substance, mainly uses at nonferrous metal mine; Sublevel caving method without sill pillar divides pars infrasegmentalis not set out the polycrystalline substance in ore deposit; Do not stay any ore pillar, work such as the rock drilling of segmentation, ore caving and ore removal are all carried out in stope drift active workings, and are safe and reliable; Particularly in the underground mining of iron ore mine, these mining codes have comparative advantage at metallurgical mine.
The essential characteristic of block caving method is that back production highly equals the stage overall height.The block caving method actual application scheme is many, and foundation block caving method scheme is only arranged at present both at home and abroad, and the foundation block caving method that has of its medial end portions ore removal has certain advantage; Be that all stage end wall is erectility, carry out back production in the end, ore caving interval of primary excavation stage overall height; The polycrystalline substance of arranging through the stage bottom carries out ore removal; Nugget production capacity is big, and labor productivity is high, mainly uses at nonferrous metal mine.Though there is not the formulation of foundation block caving method scheme at present; But do not have the foundation block caving method and close place is arranged with " high end wall sublevel caving method without sill pillar " scheme; High end wall sublevel caving method without sill pillar is as one group with several segmentations (2-3 segmentation usually); Its end wall is erectility in same upright position, forms high end wall, ore caving interval of these several segmentations of primary excavation.
Patent (application number 201110232079.7) " a kind of formula of cornicing with the artificial false top of steel and concrete structure does not have foundation stage caved stopes " and patent (application number 201110232064.0) " a kind of no foundation stage caved stopes of the formula structure of cornicing " all relate to a kind of no foundation end wall stage caved stopes that cornices; Be that ore body is divided into the stage; In the stage, be divided into segmentation again; The substoping tunnel interlaced arrangement that assumes diamond in shape is carried out actual mining in stope drift active workings up and down, and each segmentation keeps the leading structure of cornicing of the distance of cornicing of segmentation on it of a kind of segmentation down always in the stage; With the stage is unit; Back production highly equals the stage overall height, in the stage each segmentation by from top to bottom order ore caving interval of explosion successively, again by from top to bottom order successively at each substoping tunnel ore removal.
Therefore; No foundation block caving method by each segmentation end wall upper-lower position branch vertical end wall in the stage with cornice two kinds of end walls; No foundation vertical end wall block caving method is that each segmentation end wall of all stage is in same upright position; And there is not the foundation end wall block caving method of cornicing is that each segmentation end wall of all stage is in the leading position of the distance of cornicing of segmentation on it of a kind of down segmentation, all is that back production highly equals the stage overall height.
The avalanche method of end ore removal is under covering layer, to carry out the end ore drawing, and what just begun to emit is pure ore, and top barren rock landing soon forms the barren rock funnel, and barren rock is sneaked in advance and emitted.Extensively adopt cut off grade ore drawing at present both at home and abroad, be lower than cut-off grade when emitting the grade of ore, promptly stop ore drawing, a residual ore part of not emitting is emitted with the mode that the ore deposit rock mixes in following segmentation, and another part then is lost in underground.The covering layer bottom big problem of ore drawing ore losses dilution never is well solved, and is a great problem on puzzlement mining circle.The general rate of dilution is 20-25%, and high reaches 42.9%, and the rate of extraction is generally 55-70%.
The covering layer bottom big main cause of ore drawing ore losses dilution is because the ore drawing mode that the ore deposit rock directly contacts under the covering layer causes.If can control flowing of barren rock,, and greatly improve ore recovery rate with the ore losses dilution problem that fundamentally solves the end ore-drawing collapse mining method.
Caved stopes covering layer long-term existence is in stope, and along with the carrying out of back production, corrasion that the ore deposit rock constantly flows and frequent explosion squeezing action cover in the rock and contain a large amount of fritters and powder.
A large amount of real, tests show: in the ore drawing process of end, fritter and powder ore deposit rock can pass through the bulk space and arrive the ore removal mouth in advance, and its flowing velocity is faster than big lump ore rock.Ore drawing by the time, the overlying rock LUMPINESS DISTRIBUTION characteristics that go out around the mine mouth are: near more from drawhole, powder rock and rubble are many more.
According to powder technology knowledge, when containing powder, rubble chance water, it is big that caking property is easy to become, and influences its flowability.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the big problem of end ore-drawing collapse mining method loss and dilution; Be employed in the method that covers water filling in the rock and change its flowability; According to " it is obviously different with the flowability of broken ore to cover rock; make ore emit easily and rock be not easy to emit " principle, proposing a kind of water filling reduces the no foundation block caving method mining technology that barren rock is sneaked into, purpose is to improve ore recovery rate, reduction ore dilution loss effectively.
The objective of the invention is to realize through following technical proposals.
A kind of water filling of the present invention reduces the no foundation block caving method mining technology that barren rock is sneaked into, and comprises ore body is divided into the stage, in the stage, presses the rhombus interlace mode and arranges extracting drift; To the stage be divided into segmentation; Rock drilling, explosion and ore removal are all accomplished in stope drift active workings, in stope drift active workings, adopt and concentrate the rock drilling mode to arrange to fan shaped medium length hole in advance, under covering layer, carry out the backing type back production; Be in same upright position or a kind of down segmentation to end wall leading on it during the position of the distance of cornicing of segmentation when each substoping in the stage; Back production is unit with the stage, and ore caving interval of each segmentation homogeneous avalanche of all stage carries out ore removal in each end, substoping tunnel by order from top to bottom more successively; After it is characterized in that each segmentation ore drawing finishes in the stage; Both sides and front portion in each end, substoping tunnel of this stage except that descending most segmentation adopt grouting equipment that Grouting Pipe is goed deep in the stope drift active workings overlying rock, with water inject and uniformly penetrating to stope drift active workings drawhole and end wall overlying rock on every side; Left standstill 1-3 days; Through the gutter of stope drift active workings both sides, will cover in the rock excessive moisture and drain, carry out explosion, the ore drawing actual mining of next ore caving interval again.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1) ore is emitted with the form of pure ore basically, and loss and dilution is very little, and it is more obvious especially covering layer to be contained the mine effect that the powder rock is heavier, the stope water yield is little;
2) technology is simple, and cost is low, and is profitable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 arranges the stope drift active workings sketch map for rhombus.
Fig. 2 is in same upright position sketch map for each segmentation end wall of stage.
Fig. 3 gos deep into water filling sketch map in stope drift active workings both sides and the anterior overlying rock for adopting grouting equipment under the vertical end wall situation with Grouting Pipe.
Ore avalanche situation sketch map when Fig. 4 carries out next ore caving interval back production after rock bonds for water filling under the vertical end wall situation will cover.
Fig. 5 is a kind of sketch map that cornices during state for each segmentation end wall of stage is in.
Fig. 6 cornices to adopt under the end wall situation grouting equipment that Grouting Pipe is goed deep into water filling sketch map in stope drift active workings both sides and the anterior overlying rock.
Ore avalanche situation sketch map when Fig. 7 carries out next ore caving interval back production after the rock bonding for water filling under the end wall situation of cornicing will cover.
Fig. 8 is that Grouting Pipe water filling sketch map is inserted in many places in stope drift active workings both sides and anterior overlying rock.
Fig. 9 is each subsection water injection scope sketch map of stage.
Among the figure: 1 is stope drift active workings, and 2 is overlying rock, and 3 is every route ore body avalanche scope line; 4 is ore body, and 5 is last to fan shaped medium length hole, and 6 is Grouting Pipe; 7 for the current of water filling; 8 leave standstill the wet bonding overlying rock in back for water filling, and 9 be the dried ore of new avalanche, and 10 is each subsection water injection penetration range line of stage.
The specific embodiment
Further specify the specific embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Shown in Fig. 1 ~ 9, a kind of water filling of the present invention reduces the no foundation block caving method mining technology that barren rock is sneaked into, and comprises ore body is divided into the stage; In the stage, press the rhombus interlace mode and arrange extracting drift 1, will the stage be divided into segmentation, rock drilling, explosion and ore removal are all accomplished in stope drift active workings 1; 2 is overlying rock among Fig. 1, and 3 is every route ore body avalanche scope line, in stope drift active workings 1, adopts and concentrates the rock drilling mode to arrange to fan shaped medium length hole 5 in advance; Carry out the backing type back production 2 times at covering layer, be in same upright position or a kind of down segmentation to end wall leading on it during the position of the distance of cornicing of segmentation when each substoping in the stage, and back production is unit with the stage; Ore caving interval of each segmentation homogeneous avalanche of all stage carries out ore removal in each 1 end, substoping tunnel by order from top to bottom more successively, and 4 is ore body among Fig. 2,5; After it is characterized in that each segmentation ore drawing finishes in the stage, both sides and front portion in each 1 end, substoping tunnel of this stage except that descending most segmentation are adopted grouting equipment that Grouting Pipe 6 is goed deep into stope drift active workings and are covered in the rock 2; Injecting water also, uniformly penetrating because lumpiness is uneven in the covering rock, contains a large amount of powder rocks and rubble in the covering rock 2 after the ore drawing end around stope drift active workings 1 drawhole and the end wall to stope drift active workings 1 drawhole and end wall overlying rock 2 on every side; These powder rocks and rubble are filled into and cover in rock 2 spaces 7 current for injection among Fig. 3,6,8 under the effect of water; 10 is each subsection water injection penetration range line of stage among Fig. 9; Through 1-3 days leave standstill,, will cover in the rock 2 excessive moisture and drain through the gutter of stope drift active workings 1 both sides; Drawhole overlying rock is on every side more stably bondd; Mobile very poor, generally speaking, optimum moisture content was 8-20% when the covering rock was stablized bonding.Carry out explosion, the ore drawing actual mining of next ore caving interval again, after the explosion of next ore caving interval, because the effect of explosion, humidity that again will be more stable covers rock 8 compactings, makes it more stable, forms " retaining wall " together; In addition, because the ore 9 of new avalanche is more dried, good fluidity; Cause covering rock 8 obviously different with the flowability of the ore 9 of new avalanche like this, when ore drawing, ore 9 flows fast; And that rock 8 flows is slow, can reduce sneaking into of barren rock in the ore drawing process significantly, improves emitting of pure ore.In order to prevent and to reduce the moist moisture content that covers in the rock 8 on every side and infiltrate in the new ore caving stone 9, carry out ore drawing work as early as possible.
The endwall structure that cornices, because distance of cornicing of segmentation is gone up in segmentation in advance down, the Grouting Pipe insertion depth is shallow, the endwall structure that cornices is more convenient than the water filling of vertical end wall structure.
The inventor did the experiment of this respect analog simulation; The magnetic iron ore of selecting ore deposit, down-hole, Anshan iron and steel plant length of bow mountain range for use is as the ore simulation material; Select for use dolomite as the rock simulation material, with the ratio placement model stope structure of actual mine structural parameters in 1:60, experiment shows: the rate of extraction of the present invention can reach 80-92%; The rate of dilution reaches 2-5%, and economic benefit is obvious.In the ore drawing process, the overlying rock after the bonding flows hardly, along with emitting of ore, the barren rock that has only the broken ore top with the mode of filling vacancies in the proper order with ore toward current downflow, and the interface is clear; Whole ore drawing process, barren rock are sneaked into seldom, and new ore caving stone is almost emitted with pure ore, thereby greatly improves the back production effect.
The present invention is very obvious to the mine effect that covering layer contains powder and rubble is heavier, the stope water yield is little, estimates that the rate of extraction can reach 80-92%, and the rate of dilution reaches 2-5%, and economic benefit is obvious.
The invention belongs to a large amount of ore-drawing collapse mining methods, solved the big problem of end ore drawing loss and dilution, safe and reliable, simple, cost is low, profitable, water filling of the present invention reduces the barren rock method of sneaking into and also is suitable for the foundation block caving method is arranged.
For the mine that covering layer contains powder and rubble is heavier, the stope water yield is little, mining methods according to the invention can replace at present more popular sublevel caving method without sill pillar, sill pillars sublevel caving method and underground mining method such as foundation block caving method is arranged.
Claims (1)
1. a water filling reduces the no foundation block caving method mining technology that barren rock is sneaked into, and comprises ore body is divided into the stage, in the stage, presses the rhombus interlace mode and arranges extracting drift; To the stage be divided into segmentation; Rock drilling, explosion and ore removal are all accomplished in stope drift active workings, in stope drift active workings, adopt and concentrate the rock drilling mode to arrange to fan shaped medium length hole in advance, under covering layer, carry out the backing type back production; Be in same upright position or a kind of down segmentation to end wall leading on it during the position of the distance of cornicing of segmentation when each substoping in the stage; Back production is unit with the stage, and ore caving interval of each segmentation homogeneous avalanche of all stage carries out ore removal in each end, substoping tunnel by order from top to bottom more successively; After it is characterized in that each segmentation ore drawing finishes in the stage; Both sides and front portion in each end, substoping tunnel of this stage except that descending most segmentation adopt grouting equipment that Grouting Pipe is goed deep in the stope drift active workings overlying rock, with water inject and uniformly penetrating to stope drift active workings drawhole and end wall overlying rock on every side; Left standstill 1-3 days; Through the gutter of stope drift active workings both sides, will cover in the rock excessive moisture and drain, carry out explosion, the ore drawing actual mining of next ore caving interval again.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102619519A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2012-08-01 | 鞍钢集团矿业公司 | Ore drawing technique for controlling fluidity of ore rocks via pillarless vertical end-wall sublevel caving method |
| CN106089209A (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2016-11-09 | 广西大学 | Flexible isolating layer serves as the sublevel caving on false top and works in coordination with mining methods |
| CN110821494A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-02-21 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for controlling transition of sublevel caving without sill pillar to low-dilution ore drawing |
| CN111749696A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-09 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Method capable of completely acquiring ore residues after caving method ore drawing simulation test |
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| CN106089209A (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2016-11-09 | 广西大学 | Flexible isolating layer serves as the sublevel caving on false top and works in coordination with mining methods |
| CN110821494A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-02-21 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for controlling transition of sublevel caving without sill pillar to low-dilution ore drawing |
| CN111749696A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-09 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Method capable of completely acquiring ore residues after caving method ore drawing simulation test |
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