CN102635358B - Pillar-free block caving method mining process capable of reducing waste rock interfusion amount through water injection - Google Patents
Pillar-free block caving method mining process capable of reducing waste rock interfusion amount through water injection Download PDFInfo
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- CN102635358B CN102635358B CN201210125929.8A CN201210125929A CN102635358B CN 102635358 B CN102635358 B CN 102635358B CN 201210125929 A CN201210125929 A CN 201210125929A CN 102635358 B CN102635358 B CN 102635358B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sill pillar-free block caving method mining process capable of reducing waste rock interfusion amount through water injection, aiming to solve the problem that an end ore drawing caving mining method is high in loss and dilution. The sill pillar-free block caving mining method comprises the steps of: completing each sublevel ore drawing in a stage, injecting water and seeping the water into a drawhole of the stoping roadway uniformly and overlying rock around the end wall at each sublevel stoping roadway end of the stage except undermost sublevel, standing for 1-3 days, discharging excess water in the overlying rock through drainage ditches at two sides of the stoping roadway, bonding the overlying rock to reduce the flowability and carrying out blasting and ore drawing stoping of the next ore caving step pitches, wherein the newly caved ore is dry and good in the flowability to ensure that the purpose that the ore is easy to draw out and the rock is not easy to draw out is realized, therefore, the ore recovery rate is effectively increased and the ore dilution and loss are reduced. The sill pillar-free block caving method mining process disclosed by the invention is simple, low in cost and good in benefit and has the advantages that: the ore is basically drawn out in a pure form, the loss and the dilution are few and the effect on mines of which silt-containing rock of the overlying layer is heavy and the stope water quantity is few is obvious.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to underground mining method technical field, relate in particular to that a kind of water filling reduces that barren rock sneaks into without foundation block caving method mining technology.
Background technology
Underground mining method comprises adopts standard, cutting and three basic working procedure of back production, by ground, press the mode of safeguarding to be divided into openstope method, filling method and caved stopes three major types, caved stopes is the mining methods of carrying out control and management and pressing with avalanche country rock bashing, the advantages such as process structure is simple, mining rate is large, efficiency is high, mechanization degree is high owing to having for the Side ore drawing Caving Method with Large Space of a large amount of ore drawings, safety, mining cost are low, are worldwide widely used.The Side ore drawing Caving Method with Large Space of a large amount of ore drawings mainly contains sublevel caving method and block caving method two classes.
Sublevel caving method is to be some stages by ore body division, to be divided into some segmentations the stage, by the staggered mode of rhombus, arrange substoping route, segmentation is carried out actual mining by a less ore caving interval under covering layer one by one from top to bottom, sublevel caving method is divided into sill pillars sublevel caving method and sublevel caving method without sill pillar according to ore removal way, sill pillars sublevel caving method bottom is provided with polycrystalline substance, mainly at nonferrous metal mine, uses; Sublevel caving method without sill pillar divides pars infrasegmentalis not set out the polycrystalline substance in ore deposit, do not stay any ore pillar, the work such as the rock drilling of segmentation, ore caving and ore removal are all carried out in stope drift active workings, safe and reliable, at metallurgical mine, particularly in the underground mining of iron ore mine, these mining codes have comparative advantage.
The essential characteristic of block caving method is that back production highly equals stage overall height.Block caving method actual application scheme is many, only there is at present foundation block caving method scheme both at home and abroad, the foundation block caving method that has of its medial end portions ore removal has certain advantage, be that all stage end wall is erectility, in end, carry out back production, ore caving interval of primary excavation stage overall height, the polycrystalline substance of arranging by stage bottom carries out ore removal, nugget production capacity is large, and labor productivity is high, mainly at nonferrous metal mine, uses.Although there is no at present the formulation without foundation block caving method scheme, but there is close place without foundation block caving method and " high end wall sublevel caving method without sill pillar " scheme, high end wall sublevel caving method without sill pillar is using several segmentations (2-3 segmentation conventionally) as one group, its end wall is erectility in same upright position, form high end wall, ore caving interval of these segmentations of primary excavation.
Patent (application number 201110232079.7) " a kind of projecting-eave type with steel and concrete structure Man-made False is without foundation stage caving stopping method based " and patent (application number 201110232064.0) " a kind of projecting-eave type structure without foundation stage caving stopping method based " all relate to a kind of without the foundation end wall stage caving stopping method based that cornices, to be the stage by ore body division, in the stage, be further subdivided into segmentation, the upper and lower substoping tunnel interlaced arrangement that assumes diamond in shape, in stope drift active workings, carry out actual mining, each segmentation keeps the leading cornice structure of the distance of cornicing of segmentation on it of a kind of lower segmentation always in stage, take the stage as unit, back production highly equals stage overall height, each segmentation is by order from top to bottom successively ore caving interval of explosion in stage, again by order from top to bottom successively at each substoping tunnel ore removal.
Therefore, without foundation block caving method by each segmentation end wall upper-lower position minute vertical end wall in the stage and two kinds of the end walls of cornicing, without foundation vertical end wall block caving method, be that each segmentation end wall of all stage is in same upright position, and be each segmentation end wall of all stage in the leading position of the distance of cornicing of segmentation on it of a kind of lower segmentation without the foundation end wall block caving method of cornicing, be all that back production highly equals stage overall height.
The Caving Method with Large Space of end ore removal is under covering layer, to carry out Side ore drawing, and what just started to emit is pure ore, and top barren rock landing soon, forms barren rock funnel, and barren rock is sneaked in advance and emitted.Extensively adopt at present cut off grade ore drawing both at home and abroad, when emitting the grade of ore lower than cut-off grade, stop ore drawing, the mode that a residual ore part of not emitting mixes with ore deposit rock in lower segmentation is emitted, and another part is lost in underground.The covering layer bottom large problem of ore drawing ore losses dilution is never well solved, and is a great problem on puzzlement mining circle.The general rate of dilution is 20-25%, and high reaches 42.9%, and the rate of extraction is generally 55-70%.
The covering layer bottom large main cause of ore drawing ore losses dilution is because the direct ore drawing mode contacting of ore deposit rock under covering layer causes.If can control flowing of barren rock, will fundamentally solve the ore losses dilution problem of Side ore drawing caved stopes, and greatly improve ore recovery rate.
Caved stopes covering layer long-term existence is in stope, and along with the carrying out of back production, ore deposit rock is mobile corrasion and explosion squeezing action frequently constantly, covers in rock and contains a large amount of fritters and powder.
A large amount of real, tests show: in Side ore drawing process, fritter and powder ore deposit rock can pass through bulk space and arrive in advance ore removal mouth, and its flowing velocity is faster than large lump ore rock.When ore drawing ends, go out mine mouth overlying rock LUMPINESS DISTRIBUTION feature around and be: from drawhole more close to, powder rock and rubble are more.
According to powder technology knowledge, when meeting water containing powder, rubble, it is large that caking property is easy to become, and affects its mobility.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the large problem of Side ore drawing caved stopes loss and dilution, the method of employing water filling in covering rock changes its mobility, according to " cover rock obviously different from the mobility of broken ore; make ore easily emit and rock be not easy to emit " principle, propose that a kind of water filling reduces that barren rock sneaks into without foundation block caving method mining technology, object is effectively to improve ore recovery rate, reduce ore dilution loss.
The object of the invention is to realize by following technical proposals.
A kind of water filling of the present invention reduce that barren rock sneaks into without foundation block caving method mining technology, comprise that by ore body division be the stage, in the stage, press rhombus interlace mode and arrange stope drift active workings, to the stage be divided into segmentation, rock drilling, explosion and ore removal all complete in stope drift active workings, in stope drift active workings, adopt and concentrate in advance rock drilling mode cloth to be set up to fan shaped medium length hole, under covering layer, carry out backing type back production, within the stage, each substoping is leading on it during the position of the distance of cornicing of segmentation in same upright position or a kind of lower segmentation to end wall, back production be take the stage as unit, ore caving interval of each segmentation homogeneous avalanche of all stage, by order from top to bottom, in each end, substoping tunnel, carry out ore removal successively again, after it is characterized in that interior each segmentation ore drawing of stage finishes, except descending most both sides and the front portion of each end, substoping tunnel of this stage segmentation, adopt grouting equipment that Grouting Pipe is goed deep in stope drift active workings overlying rock, water is injected and uniformly penetrating to stope drift active workings drawhole and end wall overlying rock around, standing 1-3 days, by the gutter of stope drift active workings both sides, excessive moisture in covering rock is drained, carry out again the explosion of next ore caving interval, ore drawing actual mining.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1) ore is emitted with the form of pure ore substantially, and loss and dilution is very little, especially more obvious containing the mine effect that powder rock is heavier, the stope water yield is little to covering layer;
2) technique is simple, and cost is low, profitable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that rhombus is arranged stope drift active workings schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that each segmentation end wall of stage is in same upright position schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 adopts grouting equipment that Grouting Pipe is goed deep into water filling schematic diagram in stope drift active workings both sides and anterior overlying rock in vertical end wall situation.
Fig. 4 is ore avalanche situation schematic diagram when water filling is carried out next ore caving interval back production after covering rock is bondd in vertical end wall situation.
Fig. 5 is each segmentation end wall of stage in a kind of schematic diagram cornicing during state.
Fig. 6 cornices to adopt in end wall situation grouting equipment that Grouting Pipe is goed deep into water filling schematic diagram in stope drift active workings both sides and anterior overlying rock.
Fig. 7 is the ore avalanche situation schematic diagram when carrying out next ore caving interval back production after covering rock bonding of water filling in the end wall situation of cornicing.
Fig. 8 is that Grouting Pipe water filling schematic diagram is inserted in many places in stope drift active workings both sides and anterior overlying rock.
Fig. 9 is each subsection water injection scope schematic diagram of stage.
In figure: 1 is stope drift active workings, 2 is overlying rock, 3 is every route ore body avalanche scope line, 4 is ore body, and 5 is upper to fan shaped medium length hole, and 6 is Grouting Pipe, 7 for the current of water filling, 8 is the standing rear wet bonding overlying rock of water filling, and 9 is the more dry ore of new avalanche, and 10 is each subsection water injection penetration range line of stage.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, further illustrate the specific embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Fig. 1 ~ 9, a kind of water filling of the present invention reduce that barren rock sneaks into without foundation block caving method mining technology, comprise that by ore body division be the stage, in the stage, press rhombus interlace mode and arrange stope drift active workings 1, to the stage be divided into segmentation, rock drilling, explosion and ore removal all complete in stope drift active workings 1, in Fig. 1,2 is overlying rock, 3 is every route ore body avalanche scope line, in the interior employing of stope drift active workings 1, concentrate in advance rock drilling mode cloth to be set up to fan shaped medium length hole 5, at covering layer, carry out backing type back production 2 times, within the stage, each substoping is leading on it during the position of the distance of cornicing of segmentation in same upright position or a kind of lower segmentation to end wall, back production be take the stage as unit, ore caving interval of each segmentation homogeneous avalanche of all stage, by order from top to bottom, in each 1 end, substoping tunnel, carry out ore removal successively again, Fig. 2, in 5,4 is ore body, after it is characterized in that interior each segmentation ore drawing of stage finishes, except descending most both sides and the front portion of each 1 end, substoping tunnel of this stage segmentation, adopting grouting equipment that Grouting Pipe 6 is goed deep into stope drift active workings covers in rock 2, water is injected and uniformly penetrating to stope drift active workings 1 drawhole and end wall overlying rock 2 around, owing to covering lumpiness inequality in rock, ore drawing finishes to contain a large amount of powder rocks and rubble in rear stope drift active workings 1 drawhole and end wall covering rock 2 around, these powder rocks and rubble are under the effect of water, be filled into and cover in rock 2 spaces, Fig. 3, 6, 7 current for injection in 8, in Fig. 9,10 is each subsection water injection penetration range line of stage, standing through 1-3 days, by the gutter of stope drift active workings 1 both sides, excessive moisture in covering rock 2 is drained, drawhole overlying rock around is more stably bondd, mobility is very poor, generally, while covering the stable bonding of rock, optimum moisture content is 8-20%.Carry out again explosion, the ore drawing actual mining of next ore caving interval, after the explosion of next ore caving interval, due to the effect of explosion, more stable humidity is covered to rock 8 compactings, make it more stable, form " retaining wall " together; In addition, because the ore 9 of new avalanche is more dry, good fluidity, cause like this covering rock 8 obviously different from the mobility of the ore 9 of new avalanche, when ore drawing, ore 9 flows fast, and that rock 8 flows is slow, can significantly reduce sneaking into of barren rock in ore drawing process, improve emitting of pure ore.In order to prevent and to reduce the moist moisture content covering in rock 8 around and infiltrate in new ore caving stone 9, carry out as early as possible ore drawing work.
The endwall structure that cornices, because distance of cornicing of segmentation is gone up in lower segmentation in advance, Grouting Pipe insertion depth is shallow, and the endwall structure that cornices is more convenient than the water filling of vertical end wall structure.
Inventor did the experiment of this respect analog simulation, select the magnetic iron ore of Gongchangling lron Underground as ore simulation material, select dolomite as rock simulation material, with actual mine structural parameters in the ratio placement model stope structure of 1:60, experiment shows: the rate of extraction of the present invention can reach 80-92%, the rate of dilution reaches 2-5%, and economic benefit is obvious.In ore drawing process, the overlying rock after bonding flows hardly, along with emitting of ore, the barren rock that only has broken ore top in the mode of filling vacancies in the proper order with ore toward current downflow, and interface is clear; Whole ore drawing process, barren rock is sneaked into seldom, and new ore caving stone is almost emitted with pure ore, thereby greatly improves back production effect.
The present invention is very obvious containing powder and rubble is heavier, the stope water yield is little mine effect to covering layer, estimates that the rate of extraction can reach 80-92%, and the rate of dilution reaches 2-5%, and economic benefit is obvious.
The invention belongs to a large amount of ore-drawing collapse mining methods, solved the large problem of Side ore drawing loss and dilution, safe and reliable, simple, cost is low, profitable, water filling of the present invention reduces barren rock, and to sneak into method also applicable to there being foundation block caving method.
For covering layer, containing powder and rubble is heavier, the stope water yield is little mine, mining methods of the present invention can replace at present more popular sublevel caving method without sill pillar, sill pillars sublevel caving method and have the underground mining methods such as foundation block caving method.
Claims (1)
- A water filling reduce that barren rock sneaks into without foundation block caving method mining technology, comprise that by ore body division be the stage, in the stage, press rhombus interlace mode and arrange stope drift active workings, to the stage be divided into segmentation, rock drilling, explosion and ore removal all complete in stope drift active workings, in stope drift active workings, adopt and concentrate in advance rock drilling mode cloth to be set up to fan shaped medium length hole, under covering layer, carry out backing type back production, within the stage, each substoping is leading on it during the position of the distance of cornicing of segmentation in same upright position or a kind of lower segmentation to end wall, back production be take the stage as unit, ore caving interval of each segmentation homogeneous avalanche of all stage, by order from top to bottom, in each end, substoping tunnel, carry out ore removal successively again, after it is characterized in that interior each segmentation ore drawing of stage finishes, except descending most both sides and the front portion of each end, substoping tunnel of this stage segmentation, adopt grouting equipment that Grouting Pipe is goed deep in stope drift active workings overlying rock, water is injected and uniformly penetrating to stope drift active workings drawhole and end wall overlying rock around, standing 1-3 days, by the gutter of stope drift active workings both sides, excessive moisture in covering rock is drained, carry out again the explosion of next ore caving interval, ore drawing actual mining.
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| CN102619519B (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2014-07-09 | 鞍钢集团矿业公司 | Ore drawing technique for controlling fluidity of ore rocks via pillarless vertical end-wall sublevel caving method |
| CN106089209B (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2019-01-04 | 广西大学 | Flexible isolating layer serves as the sublevel caving collaboration mining methods on false top |
| CN110821494A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-02-21 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for controlling transition of sublevel caving without sill pillar to low-dilution ore drawing |
| CN111749696B (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2021-09-24 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Method capable of completely acquiring ore residues after caving method ore drawing simulation test |
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| RU2208162C1 (en) * | 2001-12-07 | 2003-07-10 | Институт горного дела СО РАН | Method of mining of ore deposits by sublevel caving |
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| CN101158287A (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2008-04-09 | 北京科技大学 | Honey comb structure consolidated fill mining method |
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| CN102261248A (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2011-11-30 | 辽宁科技大学 | Sill-pillar-free stage caving stopping method based on creasing-type structure |
| RU2439323C1 (en) * | 2010-09-09 | 2012-01-10 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Южно-Российский государственный технический университет (Новочеркасский политехнический институт)" | Method to mine inclined ore deposits |
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Patent Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2208162C1 (en) * | 2001-12-07 | 2003-07-10 | Институт горного дела СО РАН | Method of mining of ore deposits by sublevel caving |
| CN1508391A (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-06-30 | 宝钢集团上海梅山有限公司 | Long-span prop-free sectional caving stoping method |
| CN101158287A (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2008-04-09 | 北京科技大学 | Honey comb structure consolidated fill mining method |
| CN101881169A (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2010-11-10 | 东北大学 | Sublevel shrinkage caving stage open stope afterwards filling mining method |
| RU2439323C1 (en) * | 2010-09-09 | 2012-01-10 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Южно-Российский государственный технический университет (Новочеркасский политехнический институт)" | Method to mine inclined ore deposits |
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