CN102635357A - Pillarless phased caving method with top tailing crushed stone filling and sectional water injection binding - Google Patents
Pillarless phased caving method with top tailing crushed stone filling and sectional water injection binding Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pillarless phased caving method with top tailing crushed stone filling and sectional water injection binding, comprising the following steps of: dividing an ore body into phases, arranging stoping gateways in the phases by means of rhombic staggering, dividing the phases into sections, and carrying out rock drilling, blasting and ore removal in a stoping tunnel. The pillarless phased caving method with the top tailing crushed stone filling and the sectional water injection binding is characterized in that ore drawing is controlled by means of water injection during a stoping process, a top gob formed during the stoping process is processed by means of the top tailing crushed stone filling, the ore drawing is controlled by means of the water injection during the stoping process, and water is injected and uniformly permeated into rocks covered around an ore drawing hole and the end wall of the stoping tunnel, and then is stood for 1-3 days. The pillarless phased caving method with the top tailing crushed stone filling and the sectional water injection binding has the following advantages: the problems of high loss and dilution and surface subsidence of the caving method are solved, and loss and dilution indexes are lower than those of an open-stope method and a filling method; the pillarless phased caving method is simple in structure, great in production capacity and high in production efficiency; and due to the filling of a tailing crushed stone in the top, a role of utilizing industrial wastes can be plaayed, and benefits to environmental protection can be realzied.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the underground mining method technical field, relate in particular to the no foundation block caving method of a kind of top tailings rock filling, subsection water injection bonding.
Background technology
Underground mining method comprises adopts standard, cutting and three basic working procedure of back production, presses the mode of safeguarding to be divided into openstope method, filling method and caved stopes three major types by ground.
Openstope method is divided into mineral building and ore pillar with nugget in exploitation process, stope mainly relies on the ore pillar or the permanent ore pillar that persist to carry out the nature support; Sometimes be aided with artificial ore pillar and support, the room of digging up mine earlier, the post of digging up mine again; And in time handle the goaf; Be applicable to the mineral deposit that exploitated ore and country rock are all very firm, the goaf allows bigger exposed area within a certain period of time.
The method of mining by the way of filling also is that nugget is divided into mineral building and ore pillar, along with the propelling of stope, sends into filler to the goaf, moves to carry out underground pressure management, control country rock avalanche and the face of land, and is carrying out back production on the obturation that forms or under its protection.Be applicable to that the weak-walled rare precious ore of exploitation, the face of land do not allow the ore body of subsideing.The advantage of filling method is that compliance is strong, and ore dilution rate is low, and the rate of extraction is high, and operation is safer, can utilize industrial waste, the protection face of land etc.; Shortcoming is a complex process, and cost is high, and labor productivity and nugget production capacity are all lower.
The openstope method and the method for mining by the way of filling all are divided into mineral building and ore pillar carries out back production respectively, and the dilution of mineral building mining loss is smaller, but the suitable difficulty of the back production of ore pillar, loss and dilution is bigger, complex process in addition, and mine capacity is all very low.
Caved stopes is the mining methods of controlling and pressing with managing with avalanche country rock bashing; The end ore-drawing collapse method of a large amount of ore drawings; Because advantage such as have structure and technology is simple, mining rate is big, efficient is high, mechanization degree is high, safety, mining cost are relatively low worldwide is widely used.The end ore-drawing collapse method of a large amount of ore drawings mainly contains two types of sublevel caving method, block caving methods.
Sublevel caving method is that ore body is divided into some stages; To the stage be divided into plurality of segments again with stope drift active workings; Back production is carried out in segmentation one by one from top to bottom; Sublevel caving method is divided into sill pillars sublevel caving method and sublevel caving method without sill pillar according to the ore removal mode, and the sill pillars sublevel caving method bottom is provided with polycrystalline substance, mainly uses at nonferrous metal mine; Sublevel caving method without sill pillar divides pars infrasegmentalis not set out the polycrystalline substance in ore deposit; Do not stay any ore pillar; Work such as the rock drilling of segmentation, ore caving and ore removal are all carried out in stope drift active workings, and are safe and reliable, up and down the segmentation route interlaced arrangement that spatially assumes diamond in shape; Begin under covering layer, to carry out actual minings such as explosion and ore drawing from stope drift active workings one end by a less ore caving interval; Till the other end border, particularly in the underground mining of iron ore mine, these mining codes have comparative advantage at metallurgical mine up to back production.
The essential characteristic of block caving method is that back production highly equals the stage overall height.The block caving method actual application scheme is many, and foundation block caving method scheme is only arranged at present both at home and abroad, and the foundation block caving method that has of its medial end portions ore removal has certain advantage; Be that all stage end wall is in same upright position, be erectility, carry out back production in the end; Ore caving interval of primary excavation stage overall height arranges that in the stage bottom polycrystalline substance carries out ore removal, and nugget production capacity is big; Labor productivity is high, mainly uses at nonferrous metal mine.Though there is not the formulation of foundation block caving method scheme at present; But do not have the foundation block caving method and close place is arranged with " high end wall sublevel caving method without sill pillar " scheme; High end wall sublevel caving method without sill pillar is as one group with several segmentations (2-3 segmentation usually); Its end wall is erectility in same upright position, forms high end wall, ore caving interval of these several segmentations of primary excavation.
Patent (application number 201110232079.7) " a kind of formula of cornicing with the artificial false top of steel and concrete structure does not have foundation stage caved stopes " and patent (application number 201110232064.0) " a kind of no foundation stage caved stopes of the formula structure of cornicing " all relate to a kind of no foundation end wall stage caved stopes that cornices; Be that ore body is divided into the stage; In the stage, be divided into segmentation again; The substoping tunnel interlaced arrangement that assumes diamond in shape is carried out actual mining in stope drift active workings up and down, and each segmentation keeps the leading structure of cornicing of the distance of cornicing of segmentation on it of a kind of segmentation down always in the stage; With the stage is unit; Back production highly equals the stage overall height, in the stage each segmentation by from top to bottom order ore caving interval of explosion successively, again by from top to bottom order successively at each substoping tunnel ore removal.
Therefore; No foundation block caving method by each segmentation end wall upper-lower position branch vertical end wall in the stage with cornice two kinds of end walls; No foundation vertical end wall block caving method is that each segmentation end wall of all stage is in same upright position; And there is not the foundation end wall block caving method of cornicing is that each segmentation end wall of all stage is in the leading position of the distance of cornicing of segmentation on it of a kind of down segmentation, all is that back production highly equals the stage overall height.
Yet there are two big disadvantages in the avalanche method of end ore removal: 1) loss and dilution problem.Because the end ore drawing is an ore drawing under covering layer, what just begun to emit is pure ore, and top barren rock landing soon forms the barren rock funnel, and barren rock is sneaked in advance and emitted.Extensively adopt cut off grade ore drawing at present both at home and abroad, be lower than cut-off grade, promptly stop ore drawing when emitting the grade of ore; A residual ore part of not emitting is emitted in following segmentation; Another part then is lost in underground, and the ore losses dilution is greatly its maximum defective, and the general rate of dilution is 20-25%; High reaches 42.9%, and the rate of extraction is generally 55-70%; 2) surface subsidence problem.Along with back production is constantly carried out, the top ore body is adopted sky, covers rock and constantly moves down, and the goaf is formed at stope top, makes surface subsidence easily.
The ore-drawing collapse mining method ore losses dilution of covering layer bottom big with surface subsidence be the dig up mine difficult problem on boundary of puzzlement always.
The covering layer bottom big main cause of ore drawing ore losses dilution is because the ore drawing mode that the ore deposit rock directly contacts under the covering layer causes.If can control flowing of barren rock,, and greatly improve ore recovery rate with the ore losses dilution problem that fundamentally solves the end ore-drawing collapse mining method.
Caved stopes covering layer long-term existence is in stope, and along with the carrying out of back production, corrasion that the ore deposit rock constantly flows and frequent explosion squeezing action cover in the rock and contain a large amount of fritters and powder.
A large amount of real, tests show: in the ore drawing process of end, fritter and powder ore deposit rock can pass through the bulk space and arrive drawhole in advance, and its flowing velocity is faster than big lump ore rock.When ore drawing ended, the overlying rock LUMPINESS DISTRIBUTION characteristics around the drawhole were: near more from drawhole, powder rock and rubble are many more.
According to powder technology knowledge, when containing powder, rubble chance water, it is big that caking property is easy to become, and influences its flowability.
Yet; For some newly-built mines,, cover rock and be not easy abrasion or cracked perhaps owing to the overlying rock different in kind; It is fewer to cover rock medium stone and content of powder; Adopt water or glue all to be difficult to make and cover the rock bonding, the flowability that covers rock is difficult to change, and needs the artificial content that increases powder, rubble.
Summary of the invention
Two hang-ups of and surface subsidence big to end ore-drawing collapse method ore losses dilution propose the no foundation block caving method that a kind of top tailings rock filling, subsection water injection bond, and the object of the invention is following: 1) in the end water filling of substoping route; It is mobile to change the covering rock of treating around the ore caving body; Make its mobile variation, the ore body of an ore caving interval of next avalanche, new broken ore is more dried; Good fluidity; It is obviously different with the flowability of broken ore realize to cover rock, ore is emitted easily and rock is not easy to emit, thereby improves ore recovery rate effectively, reduction ore dilution and loss; 2) goaf, top charges into the tailings rubble, plays packing action, prevents surface subsidence; In addition; Along with covering flowing of rock, the tailings of top filling constantly infiltrates the covering rock, and arrives near the drawhole; Replenished the content that covers powder and rubble in the rock, helped improving covering the rock water filling in the exploitation process and bond; 3) because the tailings rubble is injected at the top in a large number, play the effect that utilizes industrial waste, the protection face of land, useful to environmental protection.
The objective of the invention is to realize through following technical proposals.
The no foundation block caving method of top of the present invention tailings rock filling, subsection water injection bonding comprises ore body is divided into the stage, in the stage, presses the rhombus interlace mode and arranges extracting drift; To the stage be divided into segmentation, rock drilling, explosion and ore removal are all accomplished in stope drift active workings, in stope drift active workings, adopt and concentrate the rock drilling mode to arrange to fan shaped medium length hole in advance; Under covering layer, carry out the backing type back production; Be in same upright position or a kind of down segmentation to end wall leading on it during the position of the distance of cornicing of segmentation when each substoping in the stage, and back production is unit with the stage, ore caving interval of each segmentation homogeneous avalanche of all stage; Carry out ore removal in each end, substoping tunnel successively by order from top to bottom again; It is characterized in that in exploitation process, adopting the method control ore drawing of water filling, adopt the method for top tailings rubble to handle the goaf, top that forms in the exploitation process, the described method control ore drawing that in exploitation process, adopts water filling; Be after each segmentation ore drawing finishes in the stage; Both sides and front portion in each end, substoping tunnel of this stage except that descending most segmentation adopt grouting equipment that Grouting Pipe is goed deep in the stope drift active workings overlying rock, with water inject and uniformly penetrating to stope drift active workings drawhole and end wall overlying rock on every side; Left standstill 1-3 days; Through the gutter of stope drift active workings both sides, will cover in the rock excessive moisture and drain, carry out explosion, the ore drawing actual mining of next ore caving interval again; The method of described employing top tailings rubble is handled the goaf, top that forms in the exploitation process; Be to arrange some filling wells along orebody trend on the face of land; Charge into tailings and rubble through the filling well at top, stope goaf, be full of the goaf, the weight proportion of said tailings and rubble is: tailings 40-70%; Rubble 20-70%, water 0-30%.
Advantage of the present invention:
1) the tailings rubble is injected in the goaf, top, plays filling and utilizes the effect of industrial waste, prevents surface subsidence, and is useful to environmental protection; And can increase powder, rubble content in the covering rock, be of value to the flowability that subsection water injection control covers rock;
2) subsection water injection; Reduce and cover the rock flowability; And new ore caving stone is more dried, and is popular good, realizes that ore is emitted easily and barren rock is not easy to emit; Solved the big problem of end ore-drawing collapse method loss and dilution,, covering layer little to the stope water yield contains powder and the less or more mine effect of rubble all is suitable for;
3) rate of extraction estimates that the rate of extraction can reach 80-92%, and the rate of dilution reaches 2-5%, and economic benefit is obvious.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 arranges the stope drift active workings sketch map for rhombus.
Fig. 2 is in same upright position sketch map for each segmentation end wall of stage.
Fig. 3 gos deep into water filling sketch map in stope drift active workings both sides and the anterior overlying rock for adopting grouting equipment under the vertical end wall situation with Grouting Pipe.
Ore avalanche situation sketch map when Fig. 4 carries out next ore caving interval back production after rock bonds for water filling under the vertical end wall situation will cover.
Fig. 5 is a kind of sketch map that cornices during state for each segmentation end wall of stage is in.
Fig. 6 cornices to adopt under the end wall situation grouting equipment that Grouting Pipe is goed deep into water filling sketch map in stope drift active workings both sides and the anterior overlying rock.
Ore avalanche situation sketch map when Fig. 7 carries out next ore caving interval back production after the rock bonding for water filling under the end wall situation of cornicing will cover.
Fig. 8 is that Grouting Pipe water filling sketch map is inserted in many places in stope drift active workings both sides and anterior overlying rock.
Fig. 9 is each subsection water injection scope sketch map of stage.
Figure 10 under the end wall situation of cornicing at the top, goaf tailings lithotripsy method sketch map.
Figure 11 be under the vertical end wall situation at the top, goaf tailings lithotripsy method sketch map.
Among the figure: 1 is stope drift active workings, and 2-1 is the overlying rock of avalanche, and 2-2 is the tailings rubble covering layer of filling, and 3 is every route ore body avalanche scope line; 4 is ore body, and 5 is last to fan shaped medium length hole, and 6 is Grouting Pipe, and 7 are the current of water filling; 8 leave standstill the wet bonding overlying rock in back for water filling, and 9 be the dried ore of new avalanche, and 10 is each subsection water injection penetration range line of stage; 11 are the filling well, and 12 is the face of land, and 13 are the tailings debris flow of filling.
The specific embodiment
Further specify the specific embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Shown in Fig. 1 ~ 11, the no foundation block caving method of top of the present invention tailings rock filling, subsection water injection bonding comprises ore body is divided into the stage; In the stage, press the rhombus interlace mode and arrange extracting drift 1; To the stage be divided into segmentation, rock drilling, explosion and ore removal are all accomplished in stope drift active workings 1, and 2-1 is an overlying rock among Fig. 1; 3 is every route ore body avalanche scope line; In stope drift active workings 1, adopt and concentrate the rock drilling mode to arrange to fan shaped medium length hole 5 in advance, under covering layer 2-1, carry out the backing type back production, be in same upright position or a kind of segmentation down to end wall leading on it during the position of the distance of cornicing of segmentation when each substoping in the stage; Back production is unit with the stage; Ore caving interval of each segmentation homogeneous avalanche of all stage carries out ore removal in each 1 end, substoping tunnel by order from top to bottom more successively, and 4 is ore body among Fig. 2,5; It is characterized in that in exploitation process, adopting the method control ore drawing of water filling, adopt the method for top tailings rubble to handle the goaf, top that forms in the exploitation process.The described method control ore drawing that in exploitation process, adopts water filling is after each segmentation ore drawing finishes in the stage, both sides and front portion in each 1 end, substoping tunnel of this stage except that descending most segmentation; Adopt grouting equipment that Grouting Pipe 6 is goed deep into stope drift active workings and cover among the rock 2-1, water is injected and the overlying rock 2-1 of uniformly penetrating around stope drift active workings 1 drawhole and the end wall, owing to cover lumpiness inequality in the rock; Ore drawing finishes to contain a large amount of powder rocks and rubble among the covering rock 2-1 around back stope drift active workings 1 drawhole and the end wall, and these powder rocks and rubble are filled in the covering rock 2-1 space under the effect of water; 7 were the current of water filling among Fig. 3,6,8, and 10 is each subsection water injection penetration range line of stage among Fig. 9, through 1-3 days leave standstill; Gutter through stope drift active workings 1 both sides; To cover among the rock 2-1 excessive moisture and drain, the overlying rock around the drawhole more stably bond, flowability is very poor; Optimum moisture content was 8-20% when generally speaking, the covering rock was stablized bonding.Carry out explosion, the ore drawing actual mining of next ore caving interval again, after the explosion of next ore caving interval, because the effect of explosion, humidity that again will be more stable covers rock 8 compactings, makes it more stable, forms " retaining wall " together; In addition, because the ore 9 of new avalanche is more dried, good fluidity; Cause covering rock 8 obviously different with the flowability of the ore 9 of new avalanche like this, when ore drawing, ore 9 flows fast; And that rock 8 flows is slow, can reduce sneaking into of barren rock in the ore drawing process significantly, improves emitting of pure ore.In order to prevent and to reduce the moist moisture content that covers in the rock 8 on every side and infiltrate in the new ore caving stone 9, carry out ore drawing work as early as possible; The method of described employing top tailings rubble is handled the goaf, top that forms in the exploitation process; Be 12 to arrange some filling wells 11 along orebody trend on the face of land; Charge into tailings and rubble through filling well 11 at top, stope goaf; Be full of the goaf, the charges medium stone mainly is to play to improve liquidity to prevent the effect that tailings hardens, in order to avoid stop up the later packing job of filling well influence.The weight proportion of said tailings and rubble is: tailings 40-70%, rubble 20-70%, water 0-30%.The tailings rubble covering layer of the 2-2 top goaf filling among Figure 10,11, the tailings debris flow of 13 fillings.The filling well arranges that by mining filling well standard general every separated 30-50m arranges one, filling well diameter 1.8 ~ 2.0m.Top tailings rubble operation can be with adopting with filling, because subsidence is quite slow process, therefore, also can be monthly, season, year concentrated bashing.
The endwall structure that cornices, because distance of cornicing of segmentation is gone up in segmentation in advance down, the Grouting Pipe insertion depth is shallow, the endwall structure that cornices is more convenient than the water filling of vertical end wall structure.
The present invention plays packing action owing to adopt the method for top tailings rubble to handle in the stope goaf, prevents surface subsidence effectively; The tailings that the top is injected covers rock along with covering continuous infiltration of flowing of rock; And near the arrival discharge port, play the effect that replenishes content of powder, through subsection water injection; With treating that the covering rock around the ore caving body bonds; It is mobile reduce to cover rock, realizes that ore is emitted easily and barren rock is not easy to emit, and has solved the big problem of end ore-drawing collapse method loss and dilution; The rate of extraction estimates that the rate of extraction can reach 80-92%, and the rate of dilution reaches 2-5%, and economic benefit is obvious; Because the tailings rubble is injected at the top in a large number, play the effect that utilizes industrial waste, the protection face of land, useful to environmental protection.
Compare with the underground mining methods of present use, the invention solves the big problem with subsidence of avalanche method loss and dilution, the loss and dilution index is also lower than open-stope method and filling method, has more simple in structure, production capacity greatly and advantage of high production efficiency.
The invention belongs to a large amount of ore-drawing collapse mining methods, applicability is strong, for the little mine of the stope water yield, can replace open-stope method, filling method and the avalanche method underground mining methods of present use.
Claims (2)
1. the no foundation block caving method of a top tailings rock filling, subsection water injection bonding; Comprise ore body is divided into the stage, in the stage, press the rhombus interlace mode and arrange extracting drift, will the stage be divided into segmentation; Rock drilling, explosion and ore removal are all accomplished in stope drift active workings; In stope drift active workings, adopt and concentrate the rock drilling mode to arrange to fan shaped medium length hole in advance, under covering layer, carry out the backing type back production, be in same upright position or a kind of segmentation down to end wall leading on it during the position of the distance of cornicing of segmentation when each substoping in the stage; Back production is unit with the stage; Ore caving interval of each segmentation homogeneous avalanche of all stage carries out ore removal in each end, substoping tunnel by order from top to bottom more successively, it is characterized in that in exploitation process, adopting the method control ore drawing of water filling; Adopt the method for top tailings rubble to handle the goaf, top that forms in the exploitation process
The described method control ore drawing that in exploitation process, adopts water filling; Be after each segmentation ore drawing finishes in the stage; Both sides and front portion in each end, substoping tunnel of this stage except that descending most segmentation adopt grouting equipment that Grouting Pipe is goed deep in the stope drift active workings overlying rock, with water inject and uniformly penetrating to stope drift active workings drawhole and end wall overlying rock on every side; Left standstill 1-3 days; Through the gutter of stope drift active workings both sides, will cover in the rock excessive moisture and drain, carry out explosion, the ore drawing actual mining of next ore caving interval again;
The method of described employing top tailings rubble is handled the goaf, top that forms in the exploitation process, is to arrange some filling wells on the face of land along orebody trend, charges into tailings and rubble through the filling well at top, stope goaf, is full of the goaf.
2. the no foundation block caving method of top according to claim 1 tailings rock filling, subsection water injection bonding is characterized in that the weight proportion of said tailings and rubble is: tailings 40-70%, rubble 20-70%, water 0-30%.
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| CN105863727A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-08-17 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Method for treating pillar goaf |
| CN106246183A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-21 | 辽宁科技大学 | A kind of method determining sublevel caving method without sill pillar Caved ore body form |
| CN108804792A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-13 | 中南大学 | Ore-rock Caving process analogy method and system |
| CN112282837A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-29 | 中冶沈勘秦皇岛工程设计研究总院有限公司 | Novel underground mine mining and charging arrangement form |
| CN113202475A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-03 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Filling caving mining method |
| CN113216964A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-08-06 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Recovery method of deposit ore in process of transferring caving method to filling method |
| CN114412468A (en) * | 2022-02-07 | 2022-04-29 | 北京科技大学 | Caving-to-filling transition subsection and isolated ore pillar combined mining method |
| RU2809848C1 (en) * | 2023-07-11 | 2023-12-19 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский технологический университет "МИСиС" | Method of mining ore bodies |
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| CN112282837A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-29 | 中冶沈勘秦皇岛工程设计研究总院有限公司 | Novel underground mine mining and charging arrangement form |
| CN113216964A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-08-06 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Recovery method of deposit ore in process of transferring caving method to filling method |
| CN113216964B (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2022-05-27 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Recovery method of deposit ore in process of transferring caving method to filling method |
| CN113202475A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-03 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Filling caving mining method |
| CN113202475B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-04-15 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Filling caving mining method |
| WO2022247176A1 (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-12-01 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Filling caving mining method |
| CN114412468A (en) * | 2022-02-07 | 2022-04-29 | 北京科技大学 | Caving-to-filling transition subsection and isolated ore pillar combined mining method |
| CN114412468B (en) * | 2022-02-07 | 2022-09-30 | 北京科技大学 | Caving-to-filling transition subsection and isolated ore pillar combined mining method |
| RU2809848C1 (en) * | 2023-07-11 | 2023-12-19 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский технологический университет "МИСиС" | Method of mining ore bodies |
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Application publication date: 20120815 |