CN102630276A - 具有超速抑制翼板的垂直轴风力发电机 - Google Patents

具有超速抑制翼板的垂直轴风力发电机 Download PDF

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CN102630276A
CN102630276A CN2010800497796A CN201080049779A CN102630276A CN 102630276 A CN102630276 A CN 102630276A CN 2010800497796 A CN2010800497796 A CN 2010800497796A CN 201080049779 A CN201080049779 A CN 201080049779A CN 102630276 A CN102630276 A CN 102630276A
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迈伦·努里斯
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/061—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D3/064—Fixing wind engaging parts to rest of rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/212—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Darrieus type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/31—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor of changeable form or shape
    • F05B2240/313—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor of changeable form or shape with adjustable flow intercepting area
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/77—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades the adjusting mechanism driven or triggered by centrifugal forces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/101—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
    • F05B2270/1011—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n) to prevent overspeed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/40—Type of control system
    • F05B2270/402—Type of control system passive or reactive, e.g. using large wind vanes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
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Abstract

本发明提供一种具有超速抑制翼板的垂直轴风力发电机。风力发电机设置在稳固的管体上，在其上部具有推力轴承。三个(内部)翼板安装在发电机上并处于推力轴承下方。这些翼板总体一样。它们相互间隔120度设置。三个其它的翼板(外部)固定在些翼板上。这些外部翼板构造成具有空气动力学横截面，这些翼板具有用于边缘支撑的壳架和特定的肋，同时安装在翼板内部的金属线缆防止破裂的飞散。根据本发明具有内部和外部翼板。由于转速增加，外部翼板逐渐改变位置，使得风的冲角改变，翼板抵抗风流动并保持转速稳定。

Description

具有超速抑制翼板的垂直轴风力发电机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种产生电流的风力发电机，其具有垂直轴和超速抑制翼板，可适应最高速风吹的情况。
背景技术
风力发电机非常普遍并被很多人使用，其构成了绿色发电形式的一种。使用这些系统，风的移动能量被成功转换为旋转，这在具有高平均风速的地区(通过合适的连接)具有发电效果。
风力发电机通常使用定位于水平轴、随风吹而旋转的翼板。旋转的轴与发电机连接。构造大小和方式随不同的生产商而不同。
风力发电机具有一些缺点，比如在强风(高速风)时产生高速旋转的失控，或者开始时的基本不动好象低风速情况下的的低性能。系统的不动主要是由于需要翼板能承受通过强风的压力的倾斜翼板。
风力发电机的另一个缺点是这些系统意图用在居民区外的构造和安装中，因为为了安全原因它们的构造和安装需要特别的限制措施而不应让可能的参观者进入。这些装备体现的主要是电能的价值，而为家用自主供电消耗发电实际上是困难的且经济上不赢利的(每个风力发电机和户)。该类构造还有另一个严重缺陷。为避免速度过高，翼板都有朝向每个翼板轴的反向翼板，这样它们通过这方式减小空气阻力和最终减小轴旋转速度。这种反向机构通常是电力和机械系统的组合。这些系统的可靠性不能达到所要求的。翼板多次具有不同的倾斜，这种失调影响了发电机的性能。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种具有垂直轴和避免速度过快的翼板的可以产生电流的风力发电机。
本发明的目的在于满足小型(家用)电能生产的需求，现在已解决了生厂商的所有技术难题和不利条件。已经达到的如下：小规模的构造，简单的安装，开始时最少的不动性，易于靠近，安全维护以及最关键的是，拥有被内部和外部翼板控制的最大数量的旋转。
本发明的特点是风力发电机设置在稳固管体上，在其上部具有推力轴承。三个(内部)翼板安装在发电机上并处于推力轴承下方。这些翼板由不锈钢板制成并且总体一样。他们还相互间隔120度设置，具有最大可能的准确度以获得系统最好平衡性，不会因为摩擦或振动而降低性能。三个其它的(外部)翼板安装在这些翼板上。外翼板具有空气动力学的横截面，由特殊的耐受阳光照射和天气状况的塑料制成。这些翼板具有用于支撑边缘的特定的肋和壳架，同时具有安装在翼板内部的金属线缆以防止破裂的飞散。内部翼板提供可能的较低风速的启动，而外部翼板提供高的转速、应力和性能。
根据本发明，这的实现通过进入内部翼板的空气入口和旋转它们的推力产生。外部翼板(悬停翼板)由于其空气动力学横截面带来更大的推力增长和旋转速度增加。同时所达到的速度会大于如果这些翼板不存在的情况时所达到的速度，这是由于增加的面积和外部翼板带来的空气动力学机制。风速逐渐增加得超出预想，翼板也逐渐改变位置，从而风的冲角改变使得翼板抵制风吹，保持旋转速度的稳定和避免可能有害于电力生产单元和风力发电机本身的超速。所以，最后，稳定的电力生产系统的性能是所期望的。
附图说明
本发明通过一个例子和附图的解释进行说明，其中：
图1显示本发明的具有所有风力发电机部件的完整设施的透视图。
图2显示本发明对应的水平面图。
图3显示应用弹簧保持翼板的构造细节。
图4显示发电机的半剖视图。
具体实施方式
本发明具有圆形截面、通过螺丝限定在牢固地面上的牢固垂直基部(1)。整个结构在基部上旋转。三个内翼板(2)组成对于空气流的主要阻抗中心。当空气从它们中间通过时，就形成旋转运动。这些翼板从其边缘通过螺丝支撑，所述边缘安装在牢固垂直基部(1)上方和下方的圆盘(3和13)处。翼板安装在基部底部是通过轴台(5)进行，其稳定性通过分开的楔(6)实现。特定件(7)通过连接部(9)支撑在内翼板上，抑制翼板(8)(外翼板)安装在它们的边缘。这些特定件(7)组成抑制翼板的基部，它们通过在内翼板(2)上形成连接部的销进行安装。抑制翼板基部在相互之间通过特定金属板(10)连接以根据风向形成相同倾角，因为它们是一个接一个一起运动的。这是可以实现的，这是因为特定金属板(10)通过相对的连接部(4)安装在翼板边缘，连接部(4)设置在特定件(7)。它们的形状类似于钝角，与它们的位置一起，它们限制出了抑制翼板位置变化的裕度，即其上空气的冲角(incidence corner)。面对结构中心的外翼板的金属板支撑部(7)上具有销(14)，平行于旋转轴。弹簧(15)悬挂在这个钉上，且另一边在销(12)上，其钉在相对内翼板的内表面上。连接部(9)与特定金属片(10)和弹簧(15)一起在最大风速时允许抑制翼板有能力改变位置以从结构中采取缺省位置，这保持发电机的转速稳定。翼板的最终位置的出现是由于对抑制翼板的大离心力的产生。这个位置克服弹簧(15)的预加应力，所以对抑制翼板的风的冲角改变。因此，翼板和发电机的最终转速得到稳定，且风速处于期望限度内时已经存在的弹簧使翼板返回到它们最初的位置，即风速处于需要的限度内的位置。弹簧张力可被调整以抵抗期望的风速限制内的转速，并可在生厂商需要更大或更小最终转速时重新调整。
抑制翼板被设计为特定的空气动力学横截面，因为安全因素其内部具有金属线缆(16)，可防止破裂时的片件飞散。特定金属线缆在提供所需延展性的特定件(17)处截止。
发电机(18)在该结构上的应用是通过普通发电机对于该结构的偏心实施来进行的。与平常的马达和发电机操作相反，我们却具有操作稳定的铁磁芯(20)的和线圈的缠绕(19)以及载及内部永磁体(21)的外表旋转。

Claims (4)

1.具有超速抑制翼板的垂直轴风力发电机的特点是，其携带的具有稳定风力冲角的内部翼板(2)，和具有可变风力冲角的外部翼板(8)，从而它们或者增加发电机旋转或者减少该旋转，保持发电机转速直至所需要的上限而不对机构造成任何损害也不产生超出所需要的电流。
2.外部翼板(抑制翼板)(8)的旋转包括根据权利要求1的基本特征，并通过外部翼板的连接部(9)安装在内部翼板(2)上和同时使用一对弹簧(15)(一个用于上支撑而一个用于下支撑)来实现。这一对连结在两个钉上。一个(12)安装至内部翼板的内部，另一个(14)安装至连接所述内部和外部翼板的特定金属板(7)。风速改变和超过所需要限度的速度增加改变翼板位置，这将增加低风速情况下的旋转速度，当在比所需要的更大的旋转速度时，发电机的旋转速度根据生厂商的预计进行延缓(制动)以获得稳定。抑制翼板基部通过特定金属板(10)相互连接以获得朝向风向的相同倾角，因为它们相互漂移一起移动。这能实现是由于特定金属板(10)结合它们的位置在其边缘具有相对的成钝角的连接部(4)。用这方式它们能限定抑制翼板的位置改变的裕量，即风在它们上的冲角。
3.具有超速抑制翼板的垂直轴风力发电机的特点是两点支撑。一个是发电机(18)所在的上点，第二个是轴台(5)所在的下面的点。驱动为直接的且轴负载(1)是对称的。支撑结构的轴(1)是稳固的。
4.空气的冲角通过弹簧对(15)(一个用于上支撑而一个用于下支撑)调整。这些对数与外部翼板一样多。同样的结构可以用三个或四个或五个内部翼板和相同数量的外部翼板制成。根据花费、重量和性能，选择三对翼板是更有功效的和更优选的。
CN201080049779.6A 2010-01-08 2010-12-30 具有超速抑制翼板的垂直轴风力发电机 Expired - Fee Related CN102630276B (zh)

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CN102630276B (zh) 2015-12-09
EP2521858B1 (en) 2014-05-21
WO2011083345A2 (en) 2011-07-14
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AU2010340785A1 (en) 2012-04-26
GR1007431B (el) 2011-10-12
EP2521858A2 (en) 2012-11-14
HK1174081A1 (zh) 2013-05-31
JP5818025B2 (ja) 2015-11-18
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CA2776871A1 (en) 2011-07-14
US20120195761A1 (en) 2012-08-02

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