CN102618740A - Silicon carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite material and its preparation method - Google Patents
Silicon carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite material and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102618740A CN102618740A CN201110444069XA CN201110444069A CN102618740A CN 102618740 A CN102618740 A CN 102618740A CN 201110444069X A CN201110444069X A CN 201110444069XA CN 201110444069 A CN201110444069 A CN 201110444069A CN 102618740 A CN102618740 A CN 102618740A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a silicon carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite material and its preparation method. The composite material is characterized by being composited by micron-scale and nano-scale beta-phase silicon carbide spherical particles and an aluminum substrate, with the beta-phase silicon carbide spherical particles distributed in the aluminum substrate to form a synergistic reinforced phase. The preparation method is summarized to be mainly composed of: pre-preparing beta-phase silicon carbide spherical particles, adding aluminum substrate powder and the beta-phase silicon carbide spherical particles accounting for 0-25wt% of the composite material into a ball mill for ball milling treatment, and conducting cold press molding, sintering, as well as air hot pressing sequentially, and finally carrying out hot extrusion molding to obtain a molded product of the composite material. Specifically, the particle size of the aluminum substrate powder is 1micrometer to 100micrometers. The technical scheme of the invention innovatively uses spherical particulate beta-phase silicon carbide and makes use of the synergistic reinforcement effect of the micron and nano-silicon carbide particles, substantially improves the strength, toughness, abrasion resistance and others of the aluminum-based composite material. The preparation process is simple, and the cost input is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminum matrix composite and preparation technology thereof, collaborative enhanced aluminum matrix composite of the micro-nano spherical particle of particularly a kind of beta phase silicon carbide and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The silit reinforced aluminum matrix composites have lightweight, HS, wear-resisting, thermal expansivity is low, dimensional stability good, corrosion-resistant, advantage such as high-temperature stability is good; Being the important support material of field lightweight development trends such as aerospace, special equipment, precision instrument, communications and transportation, is the high performance composite that countries in the world are competitively developed.Research shows that the size of silicon-carbide particle has material impact to performance of composites.When the silicon-carbide particle size is in micron order, because the dispersion-strengthened of silicon-carbide particle and to the obstruction of dislocation motion has caused intensity to increase.When the silicon-carbide particle size is in nano level, though intensity further increases,, be prone to reunite because nano particle has very big specific surface area, can cause the discontinuity of material when being stretched, thereby have a strong impact on the intensity of matrix material.A large amount of theoretical models and experimental study have been found that the compound of multiple dimensioned wild phase can significantly improve the matrix material overall performance, realize collaborative enhancing.With micron silicon-carbide particle and the collaborative reinforced aluminum matrix composites of nano silicon carbide granulate, both can improve the effect of performance silicon-carbide particle enhanced, can effectively weaken the negative impact that the difficult dispersion of nano particle brings again.
At present, the silit reinforced aluminum matrix composites is used the alpha phase silicon carbide in a large number, and is main with the irregular particle of calcination method preparation, and most of research and patent all adopt single yardstick enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles.For realizing the matrix material densification, most of research adopts hot pressed sintering densification to obtain good performance, and technology is loaded down with trivial details, equipment requirements is high and efficient is low.So seeking a kind of performance is better, production efficiency is higher product and preparation method thereof is the important bottleneck of showing this matrix material commercial application.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art; The object of the invention aims to provide a kind of silit enhancement type aluminum matrix composite and preparation method thereof; Utilize the collaborative enhancement of micron and nanometer beta phase silicon carbide particle; And spheroidal particle is prone to the dispersive characteristics, good distribution and the densification of realization enhanced granule in aluminum substrate, the remarkable lifting of acquisition mechanical property.
In order to solve above technical problem; A kind of silit enhancement type aluminum matrix composite of the present invention; It is characterized in that: said matrix material is composited by micron order and nano level beta phase silicon carbide spheroidal particle and aluminum substrate, and wherein beta phase silicon carbide spheroidal particle is distributed in aluminum substrate and forms collaborative wild phase.
Further, the powder of said beta phase silicon carbide spheroidal particle for making by Polycarbosilane spraying cracking, crystallization, decarburization, and be the beta cubic-phase silicon carbide of diameter between 30nm～3 μ m.
Further, said aluminum substrate is at least a kind of in fine aluminium, aluminium silicon system, magnalium system, aluminum bronze system or the aluminium zinc line aluminium alloy.
In order to solve above technical problem; A kind of silit enhancement type method for preparing aluminum-based composite material of the present invention; It is characterized in that: said preparation method prepares beta phase silicon carbide spheroidal particle for adopting the method to Polycarbosilane spraying cracking, purification, decarburization, and the aluminum substrate powder added in the ball mill with the beta phase silicon carbide spheroidal particle that accounts for matrix material weight percent 0～25% carries out ball-milling processing, and carries out coldmoulding in order; Sintering; Once above air hot pressing, final hot extrusion molding makes the composite material forming product, and wherein the particle diameter of aluminum substrate powder is 1 μ m～100 μ m.
Further, the speed range of said ball-milling processing is got 100rpm～800rpm, and the spheroidal graphite time is 0.5h～24h.
The pressing pressure of said coldmoulding is got 50MPa～800MPa, and the dwell time is 0.5min～30min.
Saidly be sintered to one of normal pressure-sintered or vacuum sintering under protection of inert gas, sintering temperature is got 550～640 ℃, and sintering time is 0.5h～10h.
Said air hot pressing is carried out hot-pressing densification subsequently for the blank behind the sintering is preheated to 100～600 ℃ earlier under protection of inert gas under air ambient 50MPa～800MPa, the dwell time is 0.5min～30min.
Said hot extrusion molding is for earlier being preheated to 100～600 ℃ to the blank after the air hot pressing under the protection of inert gas condition, subsequently under air ambient with extrusion ratio 4:1～50:1, extrusion speed 2～10mm/s extrusion molding.
The present invention compares to prior art and has outstanding beneficial effect, and simple division is following.
(1) used to novelty the beta phase silicon carbide as wild phase, with respect to traditional alpha phase silicon carbide, the beta phase silicon carbide has higher intensity, toughness and wear resistance;
(2) beta phase silicon carbide coating of particles is spherical, because the contact area between ball and the ball is little, is difficult for bonding, and with respect to the erose silit of tradition, spherical silicon-carbide particle has better dispersiveness and flowability;
(3) the cooperative reinforcing effect of utilization micron and nano silicon carbide granulate, with respect to using the perhaps silicon-carbide particle of nano-scale of unified micron, the micro-nano carbon silicon carbide particle can show two kinds of yardstick silicon-carbide particles advantage separately simultaneously, and strengthening effect is more remarkable;
(4) adopt normal pressure-sintered and atmosphere hot pressing process combined, with respect to hot pressed sintering, it is simple to have technology, and equipment drops into low, plurality of advantages such as Rapid Realization aluminum substrate sintering densification.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a preparation technology's of the present invention implementing procedure synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the SEM photo of beta phase silicon carbide spherical powder in the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the XRD graphic representation of beta phase silicon carbide spherical powder shown in Figure 2;
The electron scanning micrograph of the enhancement type aluminum matrix composite fracture that makes in Fig. 4 embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 5 embodiment of the invention 1 prepared enhancement type aluminum matrix composite with only have the hardness data comparison diagram of silit micron particle enhancement type aluminum matrix composite when accomplishing the different process step;
Fig. 6 embodiment of the invention 3 to 5 prepared enhancement type aluminum matrix composites and the tensile strength data comparison diagram that only has silit micron particle enhancement type aluminum matrix composite.
Fig. 7 embodiment of the invention 6 to 8 prepared enhancement type aluminum matrix composites and the tensile strength data comparison diagram that only has silit micron particle enhancement type aluminum matrix composite.
Embodiment
Creator of the present invention finds that through concentrating on studies the Beta phase silicon carbide has higher hardness, better toughness and wear resistance, as the enhancement type composite portion of aluminum matrix composite, can make composite products show more superior over-all properties.Wherein with the micro-nano spherical particle of beta phase silicon carbide as wild phase; Can bring into play the superior over-all properties advantage of beta phase silicon carbide; Realize micro-nano collaborative enhancing, and can make full use of spheroidal particle and be easy to the dispersive characteristics, obtain remarkable enhancing composite property.Up to now, rarely have the collaborative enhanced research of the multiple dimensioned silicon-carbide particle of report, especially still do not have report as wild phase with the micro-nano spherical particle of beta phase silicon carbide.
Constitutional features from aluminum matrix composite of the present invention; This matrix material is composited by micron order and nano level beta phase silicon carbide spheroidal particle and aluminum substrate, and wherein the beta phase silicon carbide spheroidal particle of two kinds of size class is distributed in aluminum substrate and forms collaborative wild phase.
Wherein this beta phase silicon carbide spheroidal particle is the powder that is made by Polycarbosilane spraying cracking, crystallization, decarburization, and is the beta cubic-phase silicon carbide of diameter between 30nm～3 μ m.This aluminum substrate is at least a kind of in fine aluminium, aluminium silicon system, magnalium system, aluminum bronze system or the aluminium zinc line aluminium alloy.
Again from the preparation method of silit enhancement type aluminum matrix composite of the present invention; As shown in Figure 1; Its process step can be summarized as employing the spray method of cracking, purification, decarburization of Polycarbosilane is prepared beta phase silicon carbide spheroidal particle, and the aluminum substrate powder added in the ball mill with the beta phase silicon carbide spheroidal particle that accounts for matrix material weight percent 0～25% carries out ball-milling processing, and carries out coldmoulding in order; Sintering; Once above air hot pressing, final hot extrusion molding makes the composite material forming product, and is as shown in Figure 4.Wherein the particle diameter of aluminum substrate powder is 1 μ m～100 μ m.But wherein each process step has certain parameter qualification, and to realize the technology finished product of superior performance, specifically: 1. the speed range of ball-milling processing is got 100rpm～800rpm, and the spheroidal graphite time is 0.5h～24h; 2. the pressing pressure of coldmoulding is got 50MPa～800MPa, and the dwell time is 0.5min～30min; 3. be sintered to one of normal pressure-sintered or vacuum sintering under protection of inert gas, sintering temperature is got 550～640 ℃, and sintering time is 0.5h～10h; 4. air hot pressing is carried out hot-pressing densification subsequently for the blank behind the sintering is preheated to 100～600 ℃ earlier under protection of inert gas under air ambient 50MPa～800MPa, and the dwell time is 0.5min～30min; 5. hot extrusion molding is for earlier being preheated to 100～600 ℃ to the blank after the air hot pressing under the protection of inert gas condition, subsequently under air ambient with extrusion ratio 4:1～50:1, extrusion speed 2～10mm/s extrusion molding.
Embodiment 1:The ball-milling processing of step 1, starting powder: in ball grinder, add aluminum substrate powder and mass percent successively and be 5% beta phase silicon carbide micron and nanometer spherical particle and (also can be called " powder "; As shown in Figures 2 and 3), obtain composite granule behind the rotating speed ball milling 30min with 144r/min.
Step 2, coldmoulding: the composite granule that obtains is put into powder metallurgy die, with the pressing pressure pressurize 3min coldmoulding of 200MPa.
Step 3, sintering: the blank after the coldmoulding is put into the atmosphere protection cabinet-type electric furnace carry out sintering in the argon shield atmosphere, sintering temperature is 580 ℃, and sintering time is 5h.
Step 4, air hot pressing: the blank behind the sintering is packed in the hot pressing die; Put into together the atmosphere protection cabinet-type electric furnace the argon shield atmosphere be preheating to 550 ℃ and be incubated 2h after take out compression moulding behind pressurize 0.5min under the pressing pressure of pressing machine 200MPa.
Embodiment 2:The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that what select for use in the composite granule is silit micron powder, and the otherness of mechanical performance data sees also Fig. 5 and shown in Figure 6.
Embodiment 3:The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the ball milling time is 10min in the step 1.
Embodiment 4:The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the ball milling time is 20min in the step 1.
Embodiment 5:The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the ball milling time is 40min in the step 1.
Embodiment 6:The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that it is 1% that institute adds spherical beta phase silicon carbide micro-nano powder mass percent.
Embodiment 7:The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that it is 10% that institute adds spherical beta phase silicon carbide micro-nano powder mass percent.
Embodiment 8:The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that it is 15% that institute adds spherical beta phase silicon carbide micro-nano powder mass percent.
What need stress once more is the innovation effect of technical scheme of the present invention.Used the beta phase silicon carbide as wild phase, with respect to traditional alpha phase silicon carbide, the beta phase silicon carbide has higher intensity, toughness and wear resistance with comparing to its novelty of prior art; And particle shape is spherical, because the contact area between ball and the ball is little, is difficult for bonding, and with respect to the erose silit of tradition, spherical silicon-carbide particle has better dispersiveness and flowability; Moreover the cooperative reinforcing effect of utilization micron and nano silicon carbide granulate, with respect to using the perhaps silicon-carbide particle of nano-scale of unified micron, the micro-nano carbon silicon carbide particle can show two kinds of yardstick silicon-carbide particles advantage separately simultaneously, and strengthening effect is more remarkable; Combine with atmosphere hot pressing and employing is normal pressure-sintered on the preparation process, with respect to hot pressed sintering, it is simple to have technology, and equipment drops into low, plurality of advantages such as Rapid Realization aluminum substrate sintering densification.
Above-mentioned a plurality of embodiment relatively is intended to be convenient to understand the trend of preparation method of the present invention product performance in the processing parameter adjustment.So that those skilled in the art can know the innovation essence of grasping technical scheme of the present invention, be not the embodiment that only on function or product performance, proposes qualification.So except that the foregoing description, the present invention can also have other polynary embodiment.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. silit enhancement type aluminum matrix composite; It is characterized in that: said matrix material is composited by micron order and nano level beta phase silicon carbide spheroidal particle and aluminum substrate, and wherein beta phase silicon carbide spheroidal particle is distributed in aluminum substrate and forms collaborative wild phase.
2. a kind of according to claim 1 silit enhancement type aluminum matrix composite; It is characterized in that: the powder of said beta phase silicon carbide spheroidal particle for making by Polycarbosilane spraying cracking, crystallization, decarburization, and be the beta cubic-phase silicon carbide of diameter between 30nm～3 μ m.
3. a kind of according to claim 1 silit enhancement type aluminum matrix composite is characterized in that: said aluminum substrate is at least a kind of in fine aluminium, aluminium silicon system, magnalium system, aluminum bronze system or the aluminium zinc line aluminium alloy.
4. the preparation method of a silit enhancement type aluminum matrix composite; It is characterized in that: said preparation method prepares beta phase silicon carbide spheroidal particle for adopting the method to Polycarbosilane spraying cracking, purification, decarburization; And the aluminum substrate powder added in the ball mill with the beta phase silicon carbide spheroidal particle that accounts for matrix material weight percent 0～25% carry out ball-milling processing; And carry out coldmoulding in order, sintering, once above air hot pressing; Final hot extrusion molding makes the composite material forming product, and wherein the particle diameter of aluminum substrate powder is 1 μ m～100 μ m.
5. the preparation method of a kind of silit enhancement type aluminum matrix composite as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the speed range of said ball-milling processing is got 100rpm～800rpm, and the spheroidal graphite time is 0.5h～24h.
6. the preparation method of a kind of silit enhancement type aluminum matrix composite as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the pressing pressure of said coldmoulding is got 50MPa～800MPa, and the dwell time is 0.5min～30min.
7. the preparation method of a kind of silit enhancement type aluminum matrix composite as claimed in claim 4; It is characterized in that: saidly be sintered to one of normal pressure-sintered or vacuum sintering under protection of inert gas; Sintering temperature is got 550～640 ℃, and sintering time is 0.5h～10h.
8. the preparation method of a kind of silit enhancement type aluminum matrix composite as claimed in claim 4; It is characterized in that: said air hot pressing is for being preheated to 100～600 ℃ earlier to the blank behind the sintering under protection of inert gas; Under air ambient 50MPa～800MPa, carry out hot-pressing densification subsequently, the dwell time is 0.5min～30min.
9. the preparation method of a kind of silit enhancement type aluminum matrix composite as claimed in claim 4; It is characterized in that: said hot extrusion molding is for earlier being preheated to 100～600 ℃ to the blank after the air hot pressing under the protection of inert gas condition, subsequently under air ambient with extrusion ratio 4:1～50:1, extrusion speed 2～10mm/s extrusion molding.
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