CN109439940B - Method for preparing particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by hot-pressing sintering under atmospheric atmosphere - Google Patents
Method for preparing particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by hot-pressing sintering under atmospheric atmosphere Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material by hot-pressing sintering in an atmospheric atmosphere, belongs to the field of powder metallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material by hot-pressing sintering in an atmospheric atmosphere. The invention aims to overcome the defects of complex process, high cost and low production efficiency of the existing hot-pressing sintering preparation of the composite material. Firstly, ball milling and powder mixing: ball-milling and mixing the ceramic particle reinforcement and the aluminum matrix to obtain mixed powder; secondly, preparing a preform by cold pressing: compacting the mixed powder step by adopting a graphite mold to obtain a prefabricated body; and thirdly, carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the prefabricated body in the atmosphere, transferring the graphite mould into the air after sintering is finished, naturally cooling to room temperature, and demoulding to obtain the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite. The method is used for preparing the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of powder metallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material by hot-pressing sintering in an atmospheric atmosphere.
Background
The particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material has low density, high specific strength, high specific rigidity, excellent wear resistance, excellent high temperature resistance and the like. Because the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material has designability, the excellent performances of matrix aluminum alloy and particles can be fully exerted. Therefore, the preparation process which is low in cost, simple in process and capable of realizing industrialization is always a hot point of research.
The vacuum hot-pressing sintering is a widely applied method, belongs to one of powder metallurgy, and can successfully prepare the composite material with lower volume fraction of the reinforcement, higher density and better quality of the composite material. However, the method has complex process and higher cost, and the vacuum condition is always kept in the material preparation process, so that the industrialized production is difficult to form.
The patent CN104232973A discloses a medium and low volume fraction ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof, the method adopts a method of water-soluble salt pore-forming and Al liquid impregnation in nitrogen atmosphere, and can prepare the medium and low volume fraction aluminum matrix composite material, however, the method for preparing the composite material has the disadvantages of limited size, low density of the prepared material and complex preparation process.
Therefore, overcoming the problem that the preparation of the composite material with high density under the atmospheric atmosphere condition is the key to realizing the industrialization of the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing a particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material by hot-pressing sintering in an atmospheric atmosphere, aiming at overcoming the defects of complex process, high cost and low production efficiency of the existing hot-pressing sintering preparation of the composite material.
The invention relates to a method for preparing a particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by hot-pressing sintering in atmospheric atmosphere, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, ball milling and powder mixing: ball-milling and mixing the ceramic particle reinforcement and the aluminum matrix to obtain mixed powder;
secondly, preparing a preform by cold pressing: compacting the mixed powder step by adopting a graphite mold to obtain a prefabricated body;
and thirdly, carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the prefabricated body in the atmosphere, transferring the graphite mould into the air after sintering is finished, naturally cooling to room temperature, and demoulding to obtain the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, a water washing process is adopted to remove the agglomeration of the ceramic powder, improve the powder quality and reduce the internal holes of the composite material; step-by-step compaction is adopted, so that the uniformity of the interior of the material is ensured; the low-speed ball milling, the small-diameter grinding balls and the higher ball-to-material ratio are adopted, the powder mixing uniformity is improved, the deformation of an aluminum powder oxidant is controlled, and the interface combination between the aluminum powder and ceramic particles is ensured; finally, the preparation of the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material in the atmospheric environment is realized.
The volume fraction of the low-volume-fraction particle reinforced aluminum composite material is wider step by step, the particles are uniform step by step in a matrix, the material has no anisotropy, and compared with an aluminum alloy material, the low-volume-fraction particle reinforced aluminum composite material has excellent performance, can promote the update of the material, and has remarkable social benefit.
The method replaces a vacuum environment, realizes the preparation of the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material in an atmospheric environment, and greatly reduces the material cost. The composite material prepared by the method has the advantages of high density, high yield, low cost, simple process and short flow, is beneficial to industrial production and has obvious economic benefit. The yield strength of the prepared particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is 415-470 MPa, the tensile strength reaches 470-540 MPa, the elongation is 3-6%, and the elastic modulus is 110-120 GPa.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic photograph of a particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material prepared in example one;
FIG. 2 is a transmission electron micrograph of the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite according to the first embodiment.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for preparing the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by hot-pressing sintering in the atmospheric atmosphere comprises the following steps:
firstly, ball milling and powder mixing: ball-milling and mixing the ceramic particle reinforcement and the aluminum matrix to obtain mixed powder;
secondly, preparing a preform by cold pressing: compacting the mixed powder step by adopting a graphite mold to obtain a prefabricated body;
and thirdly, carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the prefabricated body in the atmosphere, transferring the graphite mould into the air after sintering is finished, naturally cooling to room temperature, and demoulding to obtain the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite.
The washing and drying of the reinforcement according to this embodiment is one of the factors that affect the quality of the material. The necessary water washing process has important significance for cleaning and screening the powder, secondary agglomeration process exists in the crushing process of the ceramic particles, the agglomerated powder cannot be opened through the ball milling process, if the agglomerated powder is not removed, a large number of holes can be formed in the material preparation process, and the density of the material is reduced, so that the water washing method is a method for effectively removing the powder agglomeration.
The step-by-step compaction is also a key factor influencing the material quality, and the ball-milling powder is gradually added into the die and compacted step by step, so that the compaction of the preform is facilitated, and the subsequent hot-pressing process is very facilitated. If the powder is added and compacted at one time, the upper and lower compaction degrees of the powder are not uniform, the void ratio is different, the air content of each part is different, and the prepared composite material has non-uniform texture and performance.
The ball milling process is also a key factor influencing the quality of the material, an alumina phase is not formed under the oxidation action of oxygen in the conventional vacuum hot-pressing sintering process, and the condition of poor combination of the interface between the matrix aluminum alloy and the ceramic particles due to the existence of alumina is avoided. According to the method, on the basis of ensuring that the aluminum powder and the ceramic powder are uniformly mixed, the ball milling rotating speed is greatly reduced, the ball milling energy is reduced, the surface of the powder is fresh, and the oxidation effect is avoided, wherein the ball milling rotating speed is 60-120 r/min in the embodiment. In addition, the size of the grinding balls is also an important control factor, the diameters of the grinding balls are unified to be 1-4mm in the embodiment, and the small grinding balls can reduce the powder deformation and the secondary grinding of the ceramic powder as much as possible.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: and in the first step, the ceramic particle reinforcement is washed with water before ball milling and powder mixing. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the water washing is specifically carried out according to the following steps: cleaning the ceramic particle reinforcement in water at the temperature of 30-45 ℃ for 3-5 times to obtain paste, placing the paste in a stainless steel disc, transferring the paste into a drying box, and drying at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ for more than 48 hours; the volume ratio of the ceramic particle reinforcement to water is 1 (2-4). The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The volume ratio of water to ceramic particle reinforcement in this embodiment should be higher than 2: 1.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: in the first step, the ceramic particle reinforcement is boron carbide, titanium diboride, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide or titanium carbide, and the particle size of the ceramic particle reinforcement is 1-100 mu m. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: in the first step, the aluminum matrix is aluminum alloy powder, and the particle size of the aluminum alloy powder is 1-100 μm. The rest is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: in the first step, the volume fraction of the ceramic particle reinforcement is 0.1-35%. The rest is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: in the step one, the particle size of the ceramic particle reinforcement body is the same as that of the aluminum matrix. The rest is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: the aluminum substrate in step one is a 2xxx series aluminum alloy, a 6xxx series aluminum alloy, or a 7xxx series aluminum alloy. The rest is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: in the step one, the ball mill in the ball milling and powder mixing is a planetary ball mill, and the method is one-way ball milling and powder mixing; ball milling parameters: the ball-material ratio is (8-20): 1, the ball milling time is 2-4 h, and the rotating speed is 60-120 r/min. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that: the step-by-step compaction in the second step is specifically carried out according to the following steps: firstly, putting mixed powder accounting for 40-50% of the total mass into a sintered graphite mold, and carrying out primary compaction under the pressure of 10-20 MPa for 5 min; then placing the mixed powder accounting for 30-40% of the total mass into a sintered graphite mold, and carrying out secondary compaction under the pressure of 10-20 MPa for 5 min; and finally, putting the residual mixed powder into a sintered graphite die, and compacting for the third time, wherein the pressure is 20-30 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 10 min. The rest is the same as one of the first to ninth embodiments.
The concrete implementation mode eleven: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to tenth embodiments in that: the hot-pressing sintering in the third step is carried out according to the following steps: heating the sintering temperature from room temperature to the sintering temperature at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 3-5 h; after the heat preservation is finished, hot pressing is carried out by using a press machine, the pressure is 40-50 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 20-30 min; the sintering temperature is 30-150 ℃ lower than the melting point of the aluminum matrix. The rest is the same as one of the first to tenth embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows: a method for preparing particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by hot pressing sintering under atmospheric atmosphere comprises the following steps:
firstly, ball-milling and mixing boron carbide reinforcement particles and 6061 aluminum alloy to obtain mixed powder; the volume fraction of the boron carbide reinforcement particles is 15%; the boron carbide reinforcement particles are washed with water before ball-milling and powder mixing, and the washing is specifically carried out according to the following steps: cleaning the ceramic particle reinforcement in water at the temperature of 40 ℃ for 3-5 times to obtain paste, placing the paste in a stainless steel disc, and transferring the paste into a drying box for drying, wherein the drying temperature is 60 ℃ and the drying time is 48 h; the ball mill in the ball milling and powder mixing is a planetary ball mill, and the method is one-way ball milling and powder mixing; ball milling parameters: the ball-material ratio is 10:1, the ball milling time is 2h, and the rotating speed is 60 r/min;
secondly, preparing a preform by cold pressing: compacting the mixed powder step by adopting a graphite mold to obtain a prefabricated body; the step-by-step compaction is specifically carried out according to the following steps: firstly, putting mixed powder accounting for 50 percent of the total mass into a sintered graphite die, and carrying out primary compaction under the pressure of 20MPa for 5 min; then, placing the mixed powder accounting for 30 percent of the total mass into a sintered graphite die, and carrying out secondary compaction under the pressure of 20MPa for 5 min; and finally, putting the residual mixed powder into a sintered graphite die, and compacting for the third time, wherein the pressure is 25MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 10 min.
Thirdly, carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the prefabricated body in the atmosphere, transferring the graphite mould into the air after sintering, naturally cooling to room temperature, and demoulding to obtain the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite; the hot-pressing sintering is specifically carried out according to the following steps: heating the sintering temperature from room temperature to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 3 h; and (5) after the heat preservation is finished, hot pressing is carried out by using a press machine, the pressure is 40MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 20 min. Example two: a method for preparing particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by hot pressing sintering under atmospheric atmosphere comprises the following steps:
firstly, ball-milling and mixing boron carbide reinforcement particles and 2024 aluminum alloy to obtain mixed powder; the volume fraction of the boron carbide reinforcement particles is 15%; the boron carbide reinforcement particles are washed with water before ball-milling and powder mixing, and the washing is specifically carried out according to the following steps: cleaning the ceramic particle reinforcement in water at the temperature of 40 ℃ for 3-5 times to obtain paste, placing the paste in a stainless steel disc, and transferring the paste into a drying box for drying, wherein the drying temperature is 60 ℃ and the drying time is 48 h; the ball mill in the ball milling and powder mixing is a planetary ball mill, and the method is one-way ball milling and powder mixing; ball milling parameters: the ball-material ratio is 10:1, the ball milling time is 3h, and the rotating speed is 100 r/min;
secondly, preparing a preform by cold pressing: compacting the mixed powder step by adopting a graphite mold to obtain a prefabricated body; the step-by-step compaction is specifically carried out according to the following steps: firstly, putting mixed powder accounting for 40 percent of the total mass into a sintered graphite die, and carrying out primary compaction under the pressure of 20MPa for 5 min; then placing the mixed powder accounting for 40 percent of the total mass into a sintered graphite die, and carrying out secondary compaction under the pressure of 20MPa for 5 min; and finally, putting the residual mixed powder into a sintered graphite die, and compacting for the third time, wherein the pressure is 25MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 10 min.
Thirdly, carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the prefabricated body in the atmosphere, transferring the graphite mould into the air after sintering, naturally cooling to room temperature, and demoulding to obtain the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite; the hot-pressing sintering is specifically carried out according to the following steps: heating the sintering temperature from room temperature to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 3 h; and (5) after the heat preservation is finished, hot pressing is carried out by using a press machine, the pressure is 40MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 30 min.
Example three: a method for preparing particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by hot pressing sintering under atmospheric atmosphere comprises the following steps:
firstly, ball-milling and mixing boron carbide reinforcement particles and 6061 aluminum alloy to obtain mixed powder; the volume fraction of the boron carbide reinforcement particles is 20%; the boron carbide reinforcement particles are washed with water before ball-milling and powder mixing, and the washing is specifically carried out according to the following steps: cleaning the ceramic particle reinforcement in water at the temperature of 40 ℃ for 3-5 times to obtain paste, placing the paste in a stainless steel disc, and transferring the paste into a drying box for drying, wherein the drying temperature is 60 ℃ and the drying time is 48 h; the ball mill in the ball milling and powder mixing is a planetary ball mill, and the method is one-way ball milling and powder mixing; ball milling parameters: the ball-material ratio is 12:1, the ball milling time is 3h, and the rotating speed is 120 r/min;
secondly, preparing a preform by cold pressing: compacting the mixed powder step by adopting a graphite mold to obtain a prefabricated body; the step-by-step compaction is specifically carried out according to the following steps: firstly, putting mixed powder accounting for 40 percent of the total mass into a sintered graphite die, and carrying out primary compaction under the pressure of 20MPa for 5 min; then, placing the mixed powder accounting for 30 percent of the total mass into a sintered graphite die, and carrying out secondary compaction under the pressure of 20MPa for 5 min; and finally, putting the residual mixed powder into a sintered graphite die, and compacting for the third time, wherein the pressure is 25MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 10 min.
Thirdly, carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the prefabricated body in the atmosphere, transferring the graphite mould into the air after sintering, naturally cooling to room temperature, and demoulding to obtain the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite; the hot-pressing sintering is specifically carried out according to the following steps: heating the sintering temperature from room temperature to 575 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 3 h; and (5) after the heat preservation is finished, hot pressing is carried out by using a press machine, the pressure is 45MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 30 min.
Examples one-three particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites have the basic mechanical properties set forth in table 1.
TABLE 1
FIG. 1 is a metallographic photograph of a particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material prepared in example one; the boron carbide ceramic particles in the composite material are uniformly distributed in the matrix, and obvious holes and agglomeration are not found.
Fig. 2 is a high-resolution photograph of the interface between B4C particles and Al matrix in the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material of example one, and it can be seen that the interface between the particles and the matrix alloy in the composite material is well bonded, and there is no obvious interface product.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by hot pressing sintering under atmospheric atmosphere is characterized in that the method for preparing particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by hot pressing sintering under atmospheric atmosphere is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, ball milling and powder mixing: ball-milling and mixing the ceramic particle reinforcement and the aluminum matrix to obtain mixed powder; the volume fraction of the ceramic particle reinforcement is 0.1-35%; the ceramic particle reinforcement is boron carbide, titanium diboride, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide or titanium carbide, and the particle size of the ceramic particle reinforcement is 1-100 mu m; the ceramic particle reinforcement is washed with water before ball milling and powder mixing; the water washing is specifically carried out according to the following steps: cleaning the ceramic particle reinforcement in water at the temperature of 30-45 ℃ for 3-5 times to obtain paste, placing the paste in a stainless steel disc, transferring the paste into a drying box, and drying at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ for more than 48 hours; the volume ratio of the ceramic particle reinforcement to water is 1 (2-4); the ball mill in the ball milling and powder mixing is a planetary ball mill, and the method is one-way ball milling and powder mixing; ball milling parameters: the ball-material ratio is (8-20): 1, the ball milling time is 2-4 h, and the rotating speed is 60-120 r/min;
secondly, preparing a preform by cold pressing: compacting the mixed powder step by adopting a graphite mold to obtain a prefabricated body; the step-by-step compaction is specifically carried out according to the following steps: firstly, putting mixed powder accounting for 40-50% of the total mass into a sintered graphite mold, and carrying out primary compaction under the pressure of 10-20 MPa for 5 min; then placing the mixed powder accounting for 30-40% of the total mass into a sintered graphite mold, and carrying out secondary compaction under the pressure of 10-20 MPa for 5 min; finally, putting the residual mixed powder into a sintered graphite die, and compacting for the third time, wherein the pressure is 20-30 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 10 min;
thirdly, carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the prefabricated body in the atmosphere, transferring the graphite mould into the air after sintering, naturally cooling to room temperature, and demoulding to obtain the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite; the hot-pressing sintering is specifically carried out according to the following steps: heating the sintering temperature from room temperature to the sintering temperature at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 3-5 h; after the heat preservation is finished, hot pressing is carried out by using a press machine, the pressure is 40-50 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 20-30 min; the sintering temperature is 30-150 ℃ lower than the melting point of the aluminum matrix.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the aluminum matrix in the step one is aluminum alloy powder with a particle size of 1-100 μm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the ceramic particle reinforcement and the aluminum matrix have the same particle size.
4. The method for preparing the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material by hot-pressing sintering under the atmospheric atmosphere as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume fraction of the ceramic particle reinforcement in the first step is 0.1-35%.
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| CN110153408B (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2021-10-15 | 齐齐哈尔翔科新材料有限公司 | Preparation method of ceramic particle reinforced 6XXX aluminum-based composite material |
| CN111218587B (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-12-11 | 福建祥鑫股份有限公司 | Aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112176227B (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2021-08-13 | 福建祥鑫股份有限公司 | Boron aluminum carbide composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114703389B (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-12-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Low stress shaping B 4 Preparation method of C/Al composite material section bar |
| CN116005025A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-04-25 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第十二研究所 | Uniform controllable preparation method of multi-component aluminum-based composite material |
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