CN111390188B - Novel high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Novel high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111390188B
CN111390188B CN202010227274.XA CN202010227274A CN111390188B CN 111390188 B CN111390188 B CN 111390188B CN 202010227274 A CN202010227274 A CN 202010227274A CN 111390188 B CN111390188 B CN 111390188B
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CN111390188A (en
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李桂荣
张德
王宏明
赵玉涛
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Jiangsu University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B22F3/04—Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
    • C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a novel high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof. The particle matrix interface has a metal/metal interface, and the interface strength is high; the thermal expansion performance of the two materials is similar to that of aluminum, so that the pores of the finished product material are reduced, and the compactness of the material is improved; materials are more easily densified; the growth of crystal grains in the sintering process is inhibited by adopting a microwave pressurization method, the micro-nano scale characteristics of the reinforced particles are kept, and the fine grain reinforcement is facilitated to be exerted; and the reduction of atomic diffusion between the particles and the matrix and the generation of brittle phases at the interface are reduced, which contributes to the exertion of the interface strengthening effect. The prepared composite material has higher density and better microstructure, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the material is obviously improved.

Description

Novel high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a novel high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
High strength aluminium alloys are those with a tensile strength greater than 480MPa, mainly alloys based on Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu, i.e. 2XXX hard aluminium alloys and 7XXX series superhard aluminium alloys. The former has slightly lower static strength than the latter, but the use temperature is higher than the latter. The properties of the alloy are greatly different due to different chemical compositions, smelting and solidifying modes, processing techniques and heat treatment systems of the alloy. The highest strength of the North America 7090 aluminum alloy is 855MPa, the strength of the European aluminum alloy is 840MPa, the strength of the Japanese aluminum alloy reaches 900MPa, and the strength of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy reported in China is 740 MPa.
Application of aluminum-based composite material to existing stageIn various fields of the paragraph, the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material is the most mature variety of the metal-based composite materials. The aluminum-based composite material reinforced particle material comprises SiC and Al 2 O 3 、B 4 And C and the like, some functional particles are required to be added according to the working environment and functions, and the carbon fiber composite material has low density, excellent mechanical properties and multiple functional characteristics, becomes an indispensable lightweight structural material and functional material in the high technical fields of military national defense, aerospace and the like, and is increasingly applied to the national economy and high-tech fields of traffic, electronics, energy, environment and the like. However, most of the reinforced particles are ceramic particles, and the addition of ceramic particles has obvious disadvantages, for example, patent application CN 110153408A reports a preparation method of a particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, the ceramic particles have a problem of wettability between the ceramic particles and an aluminum alloy melt, which causes difficulty in adding the ceramic particles, especially high-content ceramic particles, and the ceramic particles are often required to be pretreated, or auxiliary means such as ultrasonic waves and vacuum are adopted, so that the process is complicated, and the cost is increased. Patent application CN 110153408A reports a preparation method of a ceramic particle reinforced 6XXX aluminum-based composite material, in which a large number of interfaces are introduced into the composite material after particles are added, and the presence of a large number of interfaces can cause segregation and abnormal diffusion of elements in the alloy, thereby causing a significant decrease in the strengthening efficiency of the particles, where the strengthening efficiency is (composite material performance-matrix performance)/matrix performance.
Microwave sintering refers to a process in which microwave radiation is used as an external heat source, and the material is densified due to energy obtained by the material because the material has certain absorption (dielectric loss) to microwaves. Compared with the traditional sintering process, the microwave sintering method has the advantages that the temperature gradient of the surface, the inside and the central area of the material is large, the size of crystal grains is uneven, holes, segregation and other large defects are easily formed in the material, the microwave sintering depends on the radiation of a microwave electromagnetic field to penetrate into the material, the whole material is subjected to dielectric loss to increase the temperature, the temperature difference of each part is small, an even fine grain structure is easily obtained, the powder metallurgy characteristic is realized, particles are uniformly distributed in powder, the segregation and other defects exist, and the material performance is obviously improved. Compared with the traditional sintering, the microwave sintering mainly has the remarkable characteristics of integral heating, low-temperature quick firing, no heating inertia, selective heating and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof.
A preparation method of a novel high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is characterized by comprising the following steps,
(1) step-by-step ball milling: respectively ball-milling the reinforced particles and the Al particles, putting the ball-milled powder into a vacuum drying oven for drying, then adding ethanol into the reinforced particle powder and the Al powder, and wet-milling and mixing the powder in a planetary ball mill; the reinforced particles are aluminum alloy particles with tensile strength greater than 480 MPa;
(2) ultrasonic dispersion:
carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) by taking absolute ethyl alcohol as a medium, and then drying to obtain uniformly mixed and agglomeration-free composite powder;
(3) and (3) pressing and forming:
pressing and molding the composite powder by using isostatic cool pressing to obtain a compact composite material billet;
(4) microwave pressure sintering:
and (3) sintering the composite material billet into the high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material by microwave pressurization, wherein the sintering temperature is 460-540 ℃, the heating rate is 30-100 ℃/min, and the sintering time is 30-60 min.
Further, in the step (1), the ball milling parameters of the enhanced particles are as follows: the ball-material ratio (10-20) is 1, high-speed ball milling is adopted, the rotating speed is 250-300 r/min, and the ball milling time is 8-12 h; the ball milling parameters of the Al particles are as follows: the ball-material ratio is (10-20): 1, and the ball milling is carried out at an intermediate speed, the rotating speed is 150-200 r/min, and the ball milling time is 20-24 h.
Further, in the step (1), after ball milling of the reinforcing particles, the particle size range of the particles is 10-500 nm, the particle size range of the All particles after ball milling is 30-950 nm, and the sizes of the two particles are controlled to be submicron.
Further, in the step (1), when mixing and ball-milling, the mixture ratio of the two powders is as follows by volume percent: the reinforcing particle powder is 5 vol.% to 45 vol.%, and the balance is pure aluminum.
Further, the reinforcing particles are 2xxx or 7xxx series high strength aluminum alloy particles.
Further, in the step (3), the pressure of the cold isostatic pressing is 250-300 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 2-5 min.
Further, in the step (4), the microwave pressure sintering method specifically comprises the steps of using SiC as a wave absorbing layer with the microwave frequency of 2.45GHz, adopting a bidirectional microwave sintering method, vacuumizing and then filling argon for protection, wherein the vacuum degree is less than 0.1Pa, and the applied pressure is more than 30 MPa.
The novel high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared by the preparation method is characterized in that pure aluminum is used as a matrix, aluminum alloy with the tensile strength of more than 480MPa is used as reinforced particles, a metal/metal interface is arranged between the reinforced particles and the aluminum matrix, the size of the reinforced particles is submicron, and the reinforced particles are dispersed in the aluminum matrix.
Furthermore, the tensile strength of the high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is 180-300MPa, and the elongation is 20-30%.
Further, the compactness of the high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is more than 98.5%.
Specifically, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
(1) step-by-step ball milling:
respectively ball-milling the used reinforced particles and Al particles by using different parameters, putting the ball-milled powder into a vacuum drying oven to be dried to obtain particles with small size and uniform size, then proportioning according to a certain proportion, adding ethanol, and wet-milling and mixing the powder in a planetary ball mill;
(2) ultrasonic dispersion:
carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) by taking absolute ethyl alcohol as a medium, and then carrying out drying treatment to obtain uniformly mixed and agglomeration-free composite powder;
(3) and (3) compression molding:
pressing and molding the mixed powder by using cold isostatic pressing to obtain a compact composite material billet;
(4) microwave pressure sintering:
and preparing the high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material by adopting a microwave pressure sintering method.
Preferably, the step-by-step ball milling in the step (1) is carried out, and a high ball-to-material ratio is adopted when the reinforcing particles are separately ball-milled, specifically, the ball-to-material ratio is (10-20): 1; performing high-speed ball milling at the rotating speed of 250-300 r/min; the ball milling time is 8-12h, and the high ball material ratio (10-20) is adopted during the ball milling of Al particles: 1; performing ball milling at a medium speed, wherein the rotating speed is 150-200 r/min; the ball milling time is 20-24h, and the high ball-to-material ratio and medium speed ball milling of Al particles is mainly because the activity of Al is large, violent reaction is easy to occur in the ball milling process, and potential safety hazards are caused. Mixing the powder for 5 hours, and obtaining the product with moderate rotating speed ball material ratio.
Preferably, the proportion in the step (1) is 5 vol% to 45 vol% of the reinforcing particles in percentage by volume, and the balance is Al.
Preferably, the particle size after ball milling in step (1) is characterized by: the particle size range of the reinforced aluminum alloy particles is 10-500 nm, the particle size range of the Al matrix alloy powder is 30-950 nm, and the sizes of the two particles are submicron.
Preferably, in the step (1) and the step (2), the drying time of the mixed powder is 8-12h, and the temperature is 55-65 ℃.
Preferably, the cold isostatic pressure in the step (3) is 250-300 MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 2-5 min.
Preferably, the microwave pressure sintering method used in step (4) is: the microwave frequency is 2.45GHz, SiC is used as a wave absorbing layer, a bidirectional microwave sintering method is adopted, argon is filled for protection after vacuumizing, the vacuum degree is less than 0.1Pa, the applied pressure is more than 30MPa, the sintering temperature is 460-540 ℃, the higher the temperature is, the higher the density is, but the energy consumption is high; the temperature rise rate is 30-100 ℃/min, the sintering time is 30-60 min, the time is long, the density is high, and the energy consumption is high; the composite material is prepared by adopting a microwave pressure sintering method through vacuum argon filling.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which is innovative in that the type of the used particle phase is not a ceramic phase or a whisker, but a submicron high-strength aluminum alloy, and particles of an aluminum alloy with the tensile strength greater than 480MPa are used as reinforcing particles, and mainly comprise 2xxx series aluminum alloy and 7xxx series aluminum alloy; sintering and molding by a microwave pressurization method.
(1) The particle phase of the composite material is high-strength aluminum alloy, and the addition amount is high. The selected high-strength aluminum alloy particles are used as a strengthening phase, and are a novel composite material strengthening phase, and raw materials of the high-strength aluminum alloy particles are easy to obtain and easy to ball mill; furthermore, the volume fraction of the added particles can be increased to 45 vol.% due to the preparation and synthesis by microwave pressurized powder sintering.
(2) The present invention does not require a pretreatment operation to improve the wettability of the particulate phase. When ceramic particles or whiskers and the like are used as a reinforcing phase, the particles are usually required to be pretreated for improving the wettability, and the pretreatment for improving the wettability is not required for the reinforcing particles, so that the process is simplified.
(3) The composite material has high particle/matrix interface bonding strength. The particle matrix interface has metal/metal characteristics, the natural compatibility of the particle matrix interface can overcome the defect of interface incompatibility during the traditional ceramic particle strengthening, and the compatible interface is beneficial to improving the interface bonding capability and increasing the interface strength.
(4) Microwave sintering reduces the formation of brittle phases at the particle/matrix interface. The invention adopts a microwave method for sintering and forming, the low-temperature and fast-firing characteristic of the microwave can reduce the atomic diffusion between the particles and the matrix, reduce the generation of brittle phases at the interface of the particles/the matrix, and contribute to improving the interface bonding strength and exerting the interface strengthening effect.
(5) The composite material prepared by the invention has higher density. When other types of particle strengthening phases are selected to prepare the aluminum matrix composite, pores caused by asynchronous shrinkage often appear in the solidification process due to large difference of thermal expansion performance of particles and a matrix, so that the density of the composite is low. The particle phase type selected by the invention is high-strength aluminum alloy, the thermal expansion performance of the hard aluminum alloy is very close to that of an aluminum matrix in the composite material, the reduction of holes of a finished product material is facilitated, the compactness is improved, and a compact material is more easily obtained. In addition, the high pressure used in isostatic compaction is conducive to obtaining a highly dense cold blank, and the pressurization in microwave sintering is conducive to obtaining a highly dense composite material.
(6) The grain size of the matrix of the composite material prepared by the invention is in a fine submicron scale, the microwave low-temperature fast firing used by the invention is beneficial to inhibiting the growth of the grain size of the matrix, the submicron scale before sintering is kept to a larger extent, and the fine grain strengthening mechanism is beneficial to being exerted.
(7) The method is used for preparing the composite material, wherein fine particles are dispersed and distributed. When the aluminum-based composite material is prepared by high-temperature casting or high-temperature sintering, submicron fine particles are easy to grow or agglomerate or grow and agglomerate at the same time due to sufficient high-temperature heat, the dispersion strengthening effect is reduced, and the agglomeration phenomenon is more serious when the volume fraction of the particles is high; the microwave low-temperature fast sintering method is favorable for reducing the agglomeration of submicron fine particles caused by atomic diffusion due to the low-temperature condition, the sintering time is short, the crystal grain growth in the sintering process can be inhibited, the micro-nano scale characteristics can be kept to a greater extent, the particle dispersion characteristics in the ball-milling mixed powder can be kept, and the organization characteristics of the submicron particles dispersed in the matrix in the designed volume fraction range can be favorable for exerting a dispersion strengthening mechanism.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the material prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the material prepared in example 2.
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of the material prepared in example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
The preparation method of the novel high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material takes aluminum alloy particles with the tensile strength of more than 480MPa as reinforcing particles, namely high-strength aluminum alloy particles, which mainly comprise 2xxx series aluminum alloy and 7xxx series aluminum alloy; sintering and molding by a microwave pressurization method. Before sintering, firstly, carrying out ball milling on the reinforced particles and Al particles step by step, namely, carrying out ball milling on the high-strength aluminum alloy particles and the aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix separately and then mixing uniformly, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: the high-strength aluminum alloy reinforced particles adopt a high ball-to-material ratio when being subjected to independent ball milling due to high hardness, specifically, the ball-to-material ratio is (10-20): 1, and the powder is finer when the ball-to-material ratio is larger; high-speed ball milling is carried out at the rotating speed of 250-300 r/min, the rotating speed is faster and finer, the ball milling time is 8-12h, the high ball-to-material ratio (10-20): 1 is adopted during the ball milling of Al particles, the medium-speed ball milling is adopted at the rotating speed of 150-200 r/min and the ball milling time is 20-24h because the texture of aluminum or aluminum alloy is softer, and then the two kinds of powder are uniformly mixed. When the powder is mixed and ball-milled, the mixture ratio of the two powders is as follows by volume percent: the reinforcing particle powder is 5 vol.% to 45 vol.%, and the balance is pure aluminum. Carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on the mixed powder by taking absolute ethyl alcohol as a medium, and then drying to obtain uniformly mixed and agglomeration-free composite powder; pressing and molding the composite powder by using cold isostatic pressing to obtain a compact composite material billet; and finally, sintering the composite material billet at 460-540 ℃ by microwave pressurization to obtain the high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
The prepared high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material takes pure aluminum as a matrix, aluminum alloy with the tensile strength of more than 480MPa as reinforced particles, a metal/metal interface is formed between the reinforced particles and the aluminum matrix, the size of the reinforced particles is submicron, and the reinforced particles are dispersed in the aluminum matrix. The mechanical property is obviously improved, the tensile strength is improved by 10 to 50 percent and can reach 180-300 MPa; the elongation is improved by 10-50% and is 20-30%; the density is more than 98.5%.
Example 1:
2050 aluminum alloy particles taking Al-Cu-Li (3.4 wt.%, 1.2 wt.% Li, Al-bal) as a main component are taken as reinforcing particles, the proportion is 10 vol.% of the reinforcing particles in percentage by volume, and the balance is Al.
The specific microwave sintering preparation method of the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) ball mill
Step-by-step ball milling, wherein Al-Cu-Li 2050 aluminum alloy particles are independently ball milled, and the ball-to-material ratio is 15: 1; high-speed ball milling is carried out, and the rotating speed is 250 r/min; the ball milling time is 10h, and the high ball-to-material ratio is 10 when Al particles are ball milled: 1; performing ball milling at a medium speed of 200 r/min; the ball milling time is 22 h. Then adding ethanol according to the formula proportion, wherein the ball material ratio is 2: 1, wet-grinding the mixed powder in a planetary ball mill for 5 hours at the rotating speed of 150 r/min.
(2) Ultrasonic dispersion
And (2) carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) by taking absolute ethyl alcohol as a medium, and then drying the mixed powder in a vacuum drying box at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain uniformly mixed and agglomeration-free composite powder.
(3) Compression molding
Keeping the cold isostatic pressure of the step (2) at 300MPa for 3 min.
(4) Microwave pressure sintering
And (2) performing microwave pressure sintering on the pressed sample, wherein the microwave frequency is 2.45GHz, SiC is used as a wave absorbing layer, a bidirectional microwave sintering method is adopted, the vacuum degree is less than 0.1Pa, the applied pressure is 40MPa, the sintering temperature is 500 ℃, the heating rate is 60 ℃/min, the sintering time is 45min, and the composite material is obtained after sintering.
Example 2:
2A04 hard aluminum alloy with Al-Cu-Mn-Mg (3.6 wt.% Cu, 0.7 wt.% Mn, 2.5 wt.% Mg and Al-bal) as a main component is used as an additional strengthening phase, the proportion is 25 vol.% of strengthening particles in percentage by volume, and the balance is Al.
The specific microwave sintering preparation method of the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) ball mill
Step-by-step ball milling, wherein 2189 aluminum alloy particles are ball milled independently at a ball-to-material ratio of 10: 1; high-speed ball milling is carried out, and the rotating speed is 300 r/min; the ball milling time is 12h, and the high ball-to-material ratio is 15 during the ball milling of Al particles: 1; performing ball milling at a medium speed of 150 r/min; the ball milling time is 24 h. Then adding ethanol according to the formula proportion, wherein the ball material ratio is 2: 1, wet-grinding the mixed powder in a planetary ball mill for 5 hours at the rotating speed of 150 r/min.
(2) Ultrasonic dispersion
And (2) carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) by taking absolute ethyl alcohol as a medium, and then drying the mixed powder in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain uniformly mixed and agglomeration-free composite powder.
(3) Press forming
Keeping the cold isostatic pressure of the step (2) at 300MPa for 3 min.
(4) Microwave pressure sintering
And (2) performing microwave pressure sintering on the pressed sample, wherein the microwave frequency is 2.45GHz, SiC is used as a wave absorbing layer, a bidirectional microwave sintering method is adopted, the vacuum degree is less than 0.1Pa, the applied pressure is 35MPa, the sintering temperature is 540 ℃, the heating rate is 40 ℃/min, the sintering time is 30min, and the composite material is obtained after sintering.
Example 3:
Al-Zn-Mg-Cu (5.6 wt.% Zn, 2.8 wt.% Mg, 1.8 wt.% Cu, Al-bal)7055 alloy particles are used as reinforcing particle strengthening phases, the proportion is 45 vol.% of reinforcing particles in percentage by volume, and the balance is Al.
The specific microwave sintering preparation method of the particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) ball mill
Step-by-step ball milling, namely, independently ball milling 2059 alloy particles in a ball-to-material ratio of 20: 1; high-speed ball milling is carried out, and the rotating speed is 250 r/min; the ball milling time is 8h, and the high ball-to-material ratio is 20 when Al particles are ball milled: 1; performing ball milling at a medium speed of 150 r/min; the ball milling time is 20 h. Then, adding ethanol according to the formula proportion, wherein the ball material ratio is 2: 1, wet-grinding the mixed powder in a planetary ball mill for 5 hours at the rotating speed of 150 r/min.
(2) Ultrasonic dispersion
And (2) carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) by taking absolute ethyl alcohol as a medium, and then drying the mixed powder in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 55 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain uniformly mixed and agglomeration-free composite powder.
(3) Press forming
Keeping the cold isostatic pressure of the step (2) at 250MPa for 2.5 min.
(4) Microwave pressure sintering
And (2) performing microwave pressure sintering on the pressed sample, wherein the microwave frequency is 2.45GHz, SiC is used as a wave absorbing layer, a bidirectional microwave sintering method is adopted, the vacuum degree is less than 0.1Pa, the applied pressure is 45MPa, the sintering temperature is 480 ℃, the heating rate is 50 ℃/min, the sintering time is 60min, and the composite material is obtained after sintering.
Table 1 shows the mechanical properties of the examples and comparative samples
Figure GDA0003658714750000071
The conclusions can be drawn from the data in table 1: compared with the common particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, the mechanical property and the density of the composite prepared by the invention are obviously improved.
FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 are scanned images of microstructures of the composite materials prepared in examples 1-3, and it is observed that the enhanced particles are in submicron level, and are uniformly dispersed, and the particle-tissue interface is clear.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a novel high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is characterized by comprising the following steps,
(1) step-by-step ball milling: respectively ball-milling the reinforced particles and the Al particles, putting the ball-milled powder into a vacuum drying oven for drying, then adding ethanol into the reinforced particle powder and the Al powder, and wet-milling and mixing the powder in a planetary ball mill; the reinforced particles are aluminum alloy particles with tensile strength larger than 480 MPa;
(2) ultrasonic dispersion:
carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) by taking absolute ethyl alcohol as a medium, and then drying to obtain uniformly mixed and agglomeration-free composite powder;
(3) and (3) pressing and forming:
pressing and molding the composite powder by using cold isostatic pressing to obtain a compact composite material billet;
(4) microwave pressure sintering:
and (3) sintering the composite material billet into the high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material by microwave pressurization, wherein the sintering temperature is 460-540 ℃, the heating rate is 30-100 ℃/min, and the sintering time is 30-60 min.
2. The preparation method of the novel high-strength aluminum alloy particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the ball milling parameters of the reinforcing particles are as follows: the ball-material ratio (10-20) is 1, high-speed ball milling is adopted, the rotating speed is 250-300 r/min, and the ball milling time is 8-12 h; the ball milling parameters of the Al particles are as follows: the ball-material ratio is (10-20): 1, and the ball milling is carried out at an intermediate speed, the rotating speed is 150-200 r/min, and the ball milling time is 20-24 h.
3. The preparation method of the novel high-strength aluminum alloy particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), after ball milling of the reinforcing particles, the particle size range is 10-500 nm, the particle size range of Al particles after ball milling is 30-950 nm, and both particle sizes are controlled in submicron level.
4. The preparation method of the novel high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the ratio of two powders in volume percent during mixing and ball milling is: the reinforcing particle powder is 5 vol.% to 45 vol.%, and the balance is pure aluminum.
5. A method of producing a new high strength aluminium alloy particle reinforced aluminium matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterised in that the reinforcing particles are 2xxx or 7xxx series high strength aluminium alloy particles.
6. The method for preparing the novel high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the pressure of the cold isostatic pressing is 250-300 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 2-5 min.
7. The method for preparing the novel high-strength aluminum alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the microwave pressure sintering method is specifically that the used microwave frequency is 2.45GHz, SiC is used as a wave absorbing layer, a bidirectional microwave sintering method is adopted, argon is filled for protection after vacuum pumping, the vacuum degree is less than 0.1Pa, and the applied pressure is more than 30 MPa.
8. The novel high-strength aluminum alloy particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein pure aluminum is used as a matrix, an aluminum alloy with a tensile strength of more than 480MPa is used as reinforcing particles, a metal/metal interface is formed between the reinforcing particles and the aluminum matrix, and the reinforcing particles are in a submicron size and are dispersed in the aluminum matrix.
9. The novel high-strength aluminum alloy particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 8, wherein the tensile strength is 180-300MPa, and the elongation is 20-30%.
10. The novel high-strength aluminum alloy particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 8, wherein the compactness is 98.5% or more.
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