CN106244893A - A kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106244893A CN106244893A CN201610775103.4A CN201610775103A CN106244893A CN 106244893 A CN106244893 A CN 106244893A CN 201610775103 A CN201610775103 A CN 201610775103A CN 106244893 A CN106244893 A CN 106244893A
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- silicon carbide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
- C22C32/0063—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on SiC
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
- C22C1/1047—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
Abstract
The present invention relates to particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material technical field, disclose a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base and preparation method thereof.Described composite by volume fraction be 6～16% nano silicon carbide granulate be evenly distributed on volume fraction be 84～94% aluminium alloy in form, described preparation method is for first passing through dispensing, ball milling, preforming and hot-forming preparation 1～5% composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base, secondly it is concentrated in vacuo and is evaporated part alloy matrix aluminum, eventually passed the reinforced aluminum matrix composites that solid solution, Ageing Treatment i.e. prepare the nano silicon carbide granulate content of the present invention.The reinforced aluminum matrix composites of the high nano silicon carbide granulate content that experimental data proof is prepared by the present invention not only has the functional characters such as high heat conduction, electric conductivity, specific modulus, wearability because of the high-load of nano silicon carbide granulate, and takes into account intensity and plasticity and toughness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material technical field, specifically a kind of nano silicon carbide granulate increases
Strong aluminum matrix composite and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The development of aeronautical and space technology proposes new requirement and challenge to material property, gets at common homogenous material
More being difficult to meet under the novel mechanical structures background to part performance requirement, the granule integrating multiple material advantage strengthens
The mechanical performance that aluminum matrix composite is good owing to having high ratio modulus, high specific strength etc., has on aerospace instrumentation
Being widely applied, many excellent specific properties such as its high specific stiffness, specific strength, good heat conductivity, low thermal coefficient of expansion receive extensively
General concern, illustrates wide application prospect, at optical precision component and inertia in fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, electronics
Application in instrument the most increasingly draws attention.But play the performance potential of composite the most further, be still material science
The problem that worker pays close attention to.
Wherein, the specific surface area of nano silicon carbide granulate is huge, and between granule, interfacial interaction is strong, and this makes nanometer
The functional of silicon-carbide particle composite is all greatly improved such as heat conduction, electric conductivity, specific modulus, wearability, nano silicon carbide
Silicon grain internal flaw is few, surface activity is high, with matrix to suit intensity high, when its Dispersed precipitate is in matrix, can play
Dispersion-strengthened action, its performance showing excellence receives increasing concern.
Composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base generally requires high nanometer silicon carbide in its raising functionally
The granule of content.But in prior art, after nano silicon carbide granulate volume fraction is more than 10%, the plasticity and toughness of aluminum matrix composite
And intensity reduces rapidly, processing becomes difficulty.If composite is improving nanometer silicon carbide volume fraction, ensure that it is functional
On the premise of, intensity does not declines and plasticity and toughness reach certain value, then composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base except
Its prominent functionalization characteristic, is alternatively arranged as structural material applications in key stressed member, will have before being more widely applied
Scape.But the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base circulated in the market can't take into account good function simultaneously
Property, intensity and plasticity and toughness.
Summary of the invention
It is desirable to provide a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base and preparation method thereof so that it is prone to
A kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base producing and taking into account functional, intensity and plasticity and toughness is achieved.
For solving above technical problem, a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base of the present invention is with nano-sized carbon
Silicon carbide particle is for strengthening particle, and with aluminium alloy as matrix, wherein the volume fraction of nano silicon carbide granulate is 6～16%, and remaining is
Aluminium alloy.
The method preparing described a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base of the present invention comprises the following steps:
Step one: under argon shield, take described volume fraction be 1～the nano silicon carbide granulate of 5% and 95～99% aluminum close
Bronze mixes, and puts into ball sealer grinding jar, will be re-filled with argon after ball sealer grinding jar evacuation, evacuated and be filled with argon
Circulate 2～5 times, obtain compound；
Step 2: will be equipped with the ball sealer grinding jar of compound that step one prepares carry out under the conditions of-20～20 DEG C ball milling 15～
25h obtains ball milling material, and shuts down once every 2h in mechanical milling process, continues ball milling after cooling 0.5h；
Step 3: ball milling material step 2 prepared loads heat resisting steel mould, is put into by mould in vacuum heating-press sintering equipment,
Begin to warm up after evacuation and carry out vacuum degassing, finally precompressed under 120～150MPa pressure, make the consistency of raw material reach
75%, obtain preformed member；
Step 4: the preformed member that step 3 prepares is put in air furnace, is heated to 560～600 DEG C in 30min, 60
～under the conditions of 90MPa, after heat-insulation pressure keeping 2～4h, it is down to normal pressure, first slow cooling is to 500 DEG C, then fast cooling is to less than 150 DEG C,
The profiled member of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that volume fraction is 1～5%；
Step 5: the profiled member that step 4 prepares is placed in vacuum drying oven, under 18～50 Pa, by vacuum drying oven in 40min
Being heated rapidly to 1410～1510 DEG C and carry out being concentrated in vacuo evaporation, insulation 0.5～8h cools down after being evaporated by part alloy matrix aluminum
The composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that volume fraction is 6～16% is i.e. prepared to room temperature；
Step 6: by step 5 prepare volume fraction be 6～16% composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base exist
Carry out solution treatment 2～3h under conditions of 490～515 DEG C, after shrend, under conditions of 170～200 DEG C, carry out timeliness
Process 8～16h, i.e. prepare final products.
Preferably, the purity of described nano silicon carbide granulate be 99.9% with, on it, particle diameter is: 40nm≤D50≤60nm；
Described Al alloy powder is 2024 Al alloy powders, and its particle diameter is 8～12 μm.
Preferably, described nano silicon carbide granulate by by micrometer silicon carbide silicon grain under the temperature conditions of-20～20 DEG C,
Carrying out ball milling 15～35h in the ball milling hermetically sealed can of applying argon gas protection to prepare, the abrading-ball of described ball milling is zirconium oxide, ball radius
Being 5～10mm, ratio of grinding media to material is 20:1～80:1.
Preferably, in described step one, the pressure in sealed after being vacuumized ball grinder is less than 1 × 10-2Pa, after being filled with argon
Pressure in ball sealer grinding jar is 1 × 105～1.5 × 105Pa。
Preferably, in described step 2, the Material quality of grinding balls of ball milling is agate ball, a diameter of 5～15mm；Ratio of grinding media to material is 10:1
～20:1；The rotating speed of ball milling is 220～380r/min.
Preferably, the vacuum condition in described step 3 is vacuum≤1 × 10-2Pa；In described heating degasification is 30min
Being heated to 400～500 DEG C, the degasification time is 90～120min.
Preferably, in described step 4, pressurize mode is: put to normal pressure after pressurize 30min under the conditions of 60～90MPa
5min, and circulate successively；Slow cooling refers to that the time cooling the temperature to 500 DEG C is 1h；Described fast cooling essence is from 500 DEG C
It is down to the time of less than 150 DEG C less than 0.5h.
Preferably, the nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base after being evaporated by part alloy matrix aluminum in described step 5 is combined
Material is cooled to room temperature with the speed of 5～20 DEG C/min.
Beneficial effect
A kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base of the present invention, the volume fraction of its nanometer silicon carbide be up to 6～
16%, except because of high nano silicon carbide silicone content thus have excellence functional in addition to, also there is following performance: specific stiffness 46～
75GN m/g, percentage elongation 5～11 %, tensile strength 480～610MPa, i.e. specific strength are high, and specific stiffness is big, and plasticity is high；Known
In application, space industry typically requires the percentage elongation of structural material more than 5%, therefore the composite of the present invention is high by it
By force, high rigidity, good plasticity can be widely used for Aero-Space, automobile and other industries with various of match materials.
A kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base of the present invention, powder-processed is to ensure that composite quality
An important step, uniformly mixing and preventing the oxidation of metal dust of Al alloy powder and nano silicon carbide granulate is powder
The key of end reason.The method utilizing low temperature ball milling prepares nano silicon carbide granulate, and crystallite dimension is controlled, surface passivation.Aluminum closes
Bronze is mainly containing alloying elements such as Cu, Mg, for heat-treatable strengthened type.
The preparation method of a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base of the present invention, first passes through low content
Nanometer silicon carbide be uniformly distributed in alloy matrix aluminum formation and strengthen phase, it is achieved that the low nanometer that specific strength is high, specific stiffness is big
The preparation of the reinforced aluminum matrix composites of silicon-carbide particle content: realize nano-particle and Al alloy powder by high-energy mechanical ball milling
Uniform mixing, and effectively refine matrix grain；Preparation process prevents the oxidation of Al alloy powder under argon shield；Agate ball with
Material density is suitable, it is to avoid phenomenon at the bottom of powder card during planetary ball mill, it is ensured that be sufficiently mixed；Powder degasification, preforming and heat
Pressure sinter molding is all carried out the most in situ, improve mixed-powder can briquettability and compactness, effectively prevent
The oxidation of Al alloy powder, it is ensured that matrix and the good combination of silicon-carbide particle, finally by vacuum evaporation by aluminium alloy
Body portion evaporation realizes ensureing that nano silicon carbide granulate still is able in the case of nano silicon carbide granulate volume fraction improves
In matrix dispersed, thus prepare a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with several specific embodiments and experimental data, the present invention is further illustrated.
The nano silicon carbide granulate content of a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that embodiment 1 prepares
Volume fraction is 6%, and its raw material is: the nano silicon carbide granulate of 1% volume fraction and the Al alloy powder of 99% volume fraction, wherein
Nano silicon carbide granulate is by micrometer silicon carbide silicon grain at-20 DEG C, and under the conditions of ratio of grinding media to material is 20:1, the ball milling protected at applying argon gas is close
In sealed cans prepared by the zirconium oxide balls ball milling 15h of a diameter of 5mm, the purity of this nanometer silicon carbide more than 99.9%, particle diameter
For 40nm(DN50)；Al alloy powder is 2024 Al alloy powders, and particle diameter is 8 μm, and its preparation method is:
Step one: under argon shield, takes described nano silicon carbide granulate and Al alloy powder mixes, and puts into and seals ball milling
Tank, is re-filled with argon after ball sealer grinding jar evacuation, and wherein the pressure in sealed after being vacuumized ball grinder is less than 1 × 10-2Pa,
After being filled with argon, the pressure in ball sealer grinding jar is 1 × 105～1.5 × 105Pa, evacuated and be filled with argon circulate 2 times,
Compound.
Step 2: will be equipped with the ball sealer grinding jar of compound that step one prepares under the conditions of-20 DEG C, use a diameter of 5mm
Achates abrading-ball carry out ball milling, abrading-ball is 10:1 with the mass ratio of raw material, drum's speed of rotation 220r/min, every in mechanical milling process
Shutting down once every 2h, continue ball milling after cooling 0.5h, ball milling 15h obtains ball milling material；
Step 3: ball milling material step 2 prepared loads heat resisting steel mould, 1 × 10-2Under the vacuum condition of Pa in 30min
Be heated to 400 DEG C carry out vacuum degassing 90min after, precompressed under 120MPa pressure, make the consistency of raw material reach 75%, obtain pre-
Profiled member；
Step 4: put in air furnace by the preformed member that step 3 prepares, starts pressurization in 30min after being heated to 560 DEG C
To 60MPa, put to normal pressure 5min after keeping 30min, and circulate successively, after 2h, be down to normal pressure, finally uniform speed slow in 1h
It is cooled to 500 DEG C, then fast cooling, to less than 150 DEG C, obtains the nano silicon carbide granulate that volume fraction is 1% and strengthens in 0.5h
The profiled member of aluminum matrix composite；
Step 5: be placed in vacuum drying oven by the profiled member that step 4 prepares, under 18 Pa, by quick in vacuum drying oven in 40min
It is heated to 1410 DEG C and carries out being concentrated in vacuo evaporation, be incubated the speed with 5～20 DEG C/min after part alloy matrix aluminum is evaporated by 0.5h
Degree is cooled to room temperature and i.e. prepares the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that volume fraction is 6%；
Step 6: the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base section bar that volume fraction is 6% that step 5 prepares is existed
Carry out solution treatment 2h under conditions of 490 DEG C, after shrend, under conditions of 170 DEG C, carry out Ageing Treatment 8h, the most prepared
Final products.
The nano silicon carbide granulate content of a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that embodiment 2 prepares
Volume fraction is 8%, and its raw material is: the nano silicon carbide granulate of 2% volume fraction and the Al alloy powder of 98% volume fraction, wherein
Nano silicon carbide granulate is by micrometer silicon carbide silicon grain at-13 DEG C, and under the conditions of ratio of grinding media to material is 30:1, the ball milling protected at applying argon gas is close
In sealed cans prepared by the zirconium oxide balls ball milling 19h of a diameter of 6mm, the purity of this nanometer silicon carbide more than 99.9%, particle diameter
For 44nm(DN50)；Al alloy powder is 2024 Al alloy powders, and particle diameter is 9 μm, and its preparation method is:
Step one: under argon shield, takes described nano silicon carbide granulate and Al alloy powder mixes, and puts into and seals ball milling
Tank, is re-filled with argon after ball sealer grinding jar evacuation, and wherein the pressure in sealed after being vacuumized ball grinder is less than 1 × 10-2Pa,
After being filled with argon, the pressure in ball sealer grinding jar is 1 × 105～1.5 × 105Pa, evacuated and be filled with argon circulate 3 times,
Compound.
Step 2: will be equipped with the ball sealer grinding jar of compound that step one prepares under the conditions of-13 DEG C, use a diameter of 7mm
Achates abrading-ball carry out ball milling, abrading-ball is 12:1 with the mass ratio of raw material, drum's speed of rotation 250r/min, every in mechanical milling process
Shutting down once every 2h, continue ball milling after cooling 0.5h, ball milling 17h obtains ball milling material；
Step 3: ball milling material step 2 prepared loads heat resisting steel mould, 1 × 10-2Under the vacuum condition of Pa in 30min
Be heated to 420 DEG C carry out vacuum degassing 95min after, precompressed under 125MPa pressure, make the consistency of raw material reach 75%, obtain pre-
Profiled member；
Step 4: put in air furnace by the preformed member that step 3 prepares, starts pressurization in 30min after being heated to 570 DEG C
To 66MPa, put to normal pressure 5min after keeping 30min, and circulate successively, after 2.5h, be down to normal pressure, finally the most slow in 1h
Slowly it is cooled to 500 DEG C, then fast cooling, to less than 150 DEG C, obtains the nano silicon carbide granulate that volume fraction is 1% and increases in 0.5h
The profiled member of strong aluminum matrix composite；
Step 5: be placed in vacuum drying oven by the profiled member that step 4 prepares, under 25 Pa, by quick in vacuum drying oven in 40min
It is heated to 1430 DEG C and carries out being concentrated in vacuo evaporation, be incubated the speed with 5～20 DEG C/min after part alloy matrix aluminum is evaporated by 2h
It is cooled to room temperature and i.e. prepares the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that volume fraction is 8%；
Step 6: the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base section bar that volume fraction is 8% that step 5 prepares is existed
Carry out solution treatment 2h under conditions of 495 DEG C, after shrend, under conditions of 176 DEG C, carry out Ageing Treatment 9h, the most prepared
Final products.
The nano silicon carbide granulate content of a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that embodiment 3 prepares
Volume fraction is 10%, and its raw material is: the nano silicon carbide granulate of 2% volume fraction and the Al alloy powder of 98% volume fraction, wherein
Nano silicon carbide granulate is by micrometer silicon carbide silicon grain at-4 DEG C, and under the conditions of ratio of grinding media to material is 45:1, the ball milling protected at applying argon gas is close
In sealed cans prepared by the zirconium oxide balls ball milling 23h of a diameter of 7mm, the purity of this nanometer silicon carbide more than 99.9%, particle diameter
For 48nm(DN50)；Al alloy powder is 2024 Al alloy powders, and particle diameter is 10 μm, and its preparation method is:
Step one: under argon shield, takes described nano silicon carbide granulate and Al alloy powder mixes, and puts into and seals ball milling
Tank, is re-filled with argon after ball sealer grinding jar evacuation, and wherein the pressure in sealed after being vacuumized ball grinder is less than 1 × 10-2Pa,
After being filled with argon, the pressure in ball sealer grinding jar is 1 × 105～1.5 × 105Pa, evacuated and be filled with argon circulate 3 times,
Compound.
Step 2: will be equipped with the ball sealer grinding jar of compound that step one prepares under the conditions of-5 DEG C, with a diameter of 9mm's
Achates abrading-ball carries out ball milling, and abrading-ball is 15:1 with the mass ratio of raw material, drum's speed of rotation 285r/min, in mechanical milling process every
2h shuts down once, continues ball milling after cooling 0.5h, and ball milling 19h obtains ball milling material；
Step 3: ball milling material step 2 prepared loads heat resisting steel mould, 1 × 10-2Under the vacuum condition of Pa in 30min
Be heated to 440 DEG C carry out vacuum degassing 100min after, precompressed under 135MPa pressure, make the consistency of raw material reach 75%, obtain pre-
Profiled member；
Step 4: put in air furnace by the preformed member that step 3 prepares, starts pressurization in 30min after being heated to 575 DEG C
To 72MPa, put to normal pressure 5min after keeping 30min, and circulate successively, after 3h, be down to normal pressure, finally uniform speed slow in 1h
It is cooled to 500 DEG C, then fast cooling, to less than 150 DEG C, obtains the nano silicon carbide granulate that volume fraction is 1% and strengthens in 0.5h
The profiled member of aluminum matrix composite；
Step 5: be placed in vacuum drying oven by the profiled member that step 4 prepares, under 30 Pa, by quick in vacuum drying oven in 40min
It is heated to 1450 DEG C and carries out being concentrated in vacuo evaporation, be incubated the speed with 5～20 DEG C/min after part alloy matrix aluminum is evaporated by 3.5h
Degree is cooled to room temperature and i.e. prepares the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that volume fraction is 10%；
Step 6: the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base section bar that volume fraction is 10% that step 5 prepares is existed
Carry out solution treatment 2.5h under conditions of 500 DEG C, after shrend, under conditions of 180 DEG C, carry out Ageing Treatment 11h, i.e. make
Obtain final products.
The nano silicon carbide granulate content of a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that embodiment 4 prepares
Volume fraction is 12%, and its raw material is: the nano silicon carbide granulate of 3% volume fraction and the Al alloy powder of 97% volume fraction, wherein
Nano silicon carbide granulate is by micrometer silicon carbide silicon grain at 4 DEG C, and under the conditions of ratio of grinding media to material is 55:1, the ball milling in applying argon gas protection seals
Being prepared by the zirconium oxide balls ball milling 27h of a diameter of 8mm in tank, the purity of this nanometer silicon carbide is more than 99.9%, and particle diameter is
52nm(DN50)；Al alloy powder is 2024 Al alloy powders, and particle diameter is 10 μm, and its preparation method is:
Step one: under argon shield, takes described nano silicon carbide granulate and Al alloy powder mixes, and puts into and seals ball milling
Tank, is re-filled with argon after ball sealer grinding jar evacuation, and wherein the pressure in sealed after being vacuumized ball grinder is less than 1 × 10-2Pa,
After being filled with argon, the pressure in ball sealer grinding jar is 1 × 105～1.5 × 105Pa, evacuated and be filled with argon circulate 4 times,
Compound.
Step 2: will be equipped with the ball sealer grinding jar of compound that step one prepares under the conditions of 4 DEG C, with a diameter of 11mm's
Achates abrading-ball carries out ball milling, and abrading-ball is 16:1 with the mass ratio of raw material, drum's speed of rotation 315r/min, in mechanical milling process every
2h shuts down once, continues ball milling after cooling 0.5h, and ball milling 21h obtains ball milling material；
Step 3: ball milling material step 2 prepared loads heat resisting steel mould, 1 × 10-2Under the vacuum condition of Pa in 30min
Be heated to 460 DEG C carry out vacuum degassing 110min after, precompressed under 140MPa pressure, make the consistency of raw material reach 75%, obtain pre-
Profiled member；
Step 4: put in air furnace by the preformed member that step 3 prepares, starts pressurization in 30min after being heated to 585 DEG C
To 78MPa, put to normal pressure 5min after keeping 30min, and circulate successively, after 3h, be down to normal pressure, finally uniform speed slow in 1h
It is cooled to 500 DEG C, then fast cooling, to less than 150 DEG C, obtains the nano silicon carbide granulate that volume fraction is 1% and strengthens in 0.5h
The profiled member of aluminum matrix composite；
Step 5: be placed in vacuum drying oven by the profiled member that step 4 prepares, under 38 Pa, by quick in vacuum drying oven in 40min
It is heated to 1470 DEG C and carries out being concentrated in vacuo evaporation, be incubated the speed with 5～20 DEG C/min after part alloy matrix aluminum is evaporated by 5h
It is cooled to room temperature and i.e. prepares the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that volume fraction is 12%；
Step 6: the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base section bar that volume fraction is 12% that step 5 prepares is existed
Carry out solution treatment 2.5h under conditions of 505 DEG C, after shrend, under conditions of 190 DEG C, carry out Ageing Treatment 13h, i.e. make
Obtain final products.
The nano silicon carbide granulate content of a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that embodiment 5 prepares
Volume fraction is 14%, and its raw material is: the nano silicon carbide granulate of 4% volume fraction and the Al alloy powder of 96% volume fraction, wherein
Nano silicon carbide granulate is by micrometer silicon carbide silicon grain at 12 DEG C, and under the conditions of ratio of grinding media to material is 70:1, the ball milling protected at applying argon gas is close
In sealed cans prepared by the zirconium oxide balls ball milling 30h of a diameter of 9mm, the purity of this nanometer silicon carbide more than 99.9%, particle diameter
For 55nm(DN50)；Al alloy powder is 2024 Al alloy powders, and particle diameter is 11 μm, and its preparation method is:
Step one: under argon shield, takes described nano silicon carbide granulate and Al alloy powder mixes, and puts into and seals ball milling
Tank, is re-filled with argon after ball sealer grinding jar evacuation, and wherein the pressure in sealed after being vacuumized ball grinder is less than 1 × 10-2Pa,
After being filled with argon, the pressure in ball sealer grinding jar is 1 × 105～1.5 × 105Pa, evacuated and be filled with argon circulate 4 times,
Compound.
Step 2: will be equipped with the ball sealer grinding jar of compound that step one prepares under the conditions of 12 DEG C, use a diameter of 13mm
Achates abrading-ball carry out ball milling, abrading-ball is 18:1 with the mass ratio of raw material, drum's speed of rotation 350r/min, every in mechanical milling process
Shutting down once every 2h, continue ball milling after cooling 0.5h, ball milling 23h obtains ball milling material；
Step 3: ball milling material step 2 prepared loads heat resisting steel mould, 1 × 10-2Under the vacuum condition of Pa in 30min
Be heated to 480 DEG C carry out vacuum degassing 115min after, precompressed under 145MPa pressure, make the consistency of raw material reach 75%, obtain pre-
Profiled member；
Step 4: put in air furnace by the preformed member that step 3 prepares, starts pressurization in 30min after being heated to 590 DEG C
To 66MPa, put to normal pressure 5min after keeping 30min, and circulate successively, after 3.5h, be down to normal pressure, finally the most slow in 1h
Slowly it is cooled to 500 DEG C, then fast cooling, to less than 150 DEG C, obtains the nano silicon carbide granulate that volume fraction is 1% and increases in 0.5h
The profiled member of strong aluminum matrix composite；
Step 5: be placed in vacuum drying oven by the profiled member that step 4 prepares, under 44 Pa, by quick in vacuum drying oven in 40min
It is heated to 1490 DEG C and carries out being concentrated in vacuo evaporation, be incubated the speed with 5～20 DEG C/min after part alloy matrix aluminum is evaporated by 6.5h
Degree is cooled to room temperature and i.e. prepares the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that volume fraction is 14%；
Step 6: the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base section bar that volume fraction is 14% that step 5 prepares is existed
Carry out solution treatment 3h under conditions of 510 DEG C, after shrend, under conditions of 195 DEG C, carry out Ageing Treatment 14h, the most prepared
Final products.
The nano silicon carbide granulate content of a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that embodiment 6 prepares
Volume fraction is 16%, and its raw material is: the nano silicon carbide granulate of 5% volume fraction and the Al alloy powder of 95% volume fraction, wherein
Nano silicon carbide granulate is by micrometer silicon carbide silicon grain at 20 DEG C, and under the conditions of ratio of grinding media to material is 80:1, the ball milling protected at applying argon gas is close
In sealed cans prepared by the zirconium oxide balls ball milling 15h of a diameter of 10mm, the purity of this nanometer silicon carbide more than 99.9%, grain
Footpath is 60nm(DN50)；Al alloy powder is 2024 Al alloy powders, and particle diameter is 12 μm, and its preparation method is:
Step one: under argon shield, takes described nano silicon carbide granulate and Al alloy powder mixes, and puts into and seals ball milling
Tank, is re-filled with argon after ball sealer grinding jar evacuation, and wherein the pressure in sealed after being vacuumized ball grinder is less than 1 × 10-2Pa,
After being filled with argon, the pressure in ball sealer grinding jar is 1 × 105～1.5 × 105Pa, evacuated and be filled with argon circulate 5 times,
Compound.
Step 2: will be equipped with the ball sealer grinding jar of compound that step one prepares under the conditions of 20 DEG C, use a diameter of 15mm
Achates abrading-ball carry out ball milling, abrading-ball is 20:1 with the mass ratio of raw material, drum's speed of rotation 380r/min, every in mechanical milling process
Shutting down once every 2h, continue ball milling after cooling 0.5h, ball milling 25h obtains ball milling material；
Step 3: ball milling material step 2 prepared loads heat resisting steel mould, 1 × 10-2Under the vacuum condition of Pa in 30min
Be heated to 500 DEG C carry out vacuum degassing 120min after, precompressed under 150MPa pressure, make the consistency of raw material reach 75%, obtain pre-
Profiled member；
Step 4: put in air furnace by the preformed member that step 3 prepares, starts pressurization in 30min after being heated to 600 DEG C
To 66MPa, put to normal pressure 5min after keeping 30min, and circulate successively, after 4h, be down to normal pressure, finally uniform speed slow in 1h
It is cooled to 500 DEG C, then fast cooling, to less than 150 DEG C, obtains the nano silicon carbide granulate that volume fraction is 16% and strengthens in 0.5h
The profiled member of aluminum matrix composite；
Step 5: be placed in vacuum drying oven by the profiled member that step 4 prepares, under 50 Pa, by quick in vacuum drying oven in 40min
It is heated to 1510 DEG C and carries out being concentrated in vacuo evaporation, be incubated the speed with 5～20 DEG C/min after part alloy matrix aluminum is evaporated by 8h
It is cooled to room temperature and i.e. prepares the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that volume fraction is 6%；
Step 6: the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base section bar that volume fraction is 6% that step 5 prepares is existed
Carry out solution treatment 3h under conditions of 515 DEG C, after shrend, under conditions of 200 DEG C, carry out Ageing Treatment 16h, the most prepared
Final products.
Intensity and plasticity and toughness performance to the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base obtained by embodiment 1～6
Major parameter and 2024 aluminium alloys compare obtained experimental data such as following table one:
Table one
Shown in table one, the intensity of a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base of the present invention is better than common 2024 aluminum
Alloy, and percentage elongation >=6.8%, and typically require that the percentage elongation of structural material is more than 5% at space industry, it is seen then that by this
A kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base of bright preparation not only has height because of the high-load of nano silicon carbide granulate
The functional characters such as heat conduction, electric conductivity, specific modulus, wearability, and take into account intensity and plasticity and toughness.
Claims (7)
1. a composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base, it is characterised in that: described composite is with nanometer silicon carbide
Granule is for strengthening particle, and with aluminium alloy as matrix, wherein the volume fraction of nano silicon carbide granulate is 6～16%, and remaining closes for aluminum
Gold.
2. the method for the preparation a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The method comprises the following steps:
Step one: under argon shield, taking volume fraction is 1～the nano silicon carbide granulate of 5% and 95～the Al alloy powder of 99%
Mix, put into ball sealer grinding jar, after ball sealer grinding jar evacuation, will be re-filled with argon, evacuated and be filled with argon circulation
2～5 times, obtain compound；
Step 2: will be equipped with the ball sealer grinding jar of compound that step one prepares carry out under the conditions of-20～20 DEG C ball milling 15～
25h obtains ball milling material, and shuts down once every 2h in mechanical milling process, continues ball milling after cooling 0.5h；
Step 3: ball milling material step 2 prepared loads heat resisting steel mould, is put into by mould in vacuum heating-press sintering equipment,
Begin to warm up after evacuation and carry out vacuum degassing, finally precompressed under 120～150MPa pressure, make the consistency of raw material reach
75%, obtain preformed member；
Step 4: the preformed member that step 3 prepares is put in air furnace, is heated to 560～600 DEG C in 30min, 60
～under the conditions of 90MPa, after heat-insulation pressure keeping 2～4h, it is down to normal pressure, first slow cooling is to 500 DEG C, then fast cooling is to less than 150 DEG C,
The profiled member of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that volume fraction is 1～5%；
Step 5: the profiled member that step 4 prepares is placed in vacuum drying oven, under 18～50 Pa, by vacuum drying oven in 40min
Being heated rapidly to 1410～1510 DEG C and carry out being concentrated in vacuo evaporation, insulation 0.5～8h cools down after being evaporated by part alloy matrix aluminum
The composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that volume fraction is 6～16% is i.e. prepared to room temperature；
Step 6: by step 5 prepare volume fraction be 6～16% composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base exist
Carry out solution treatment 2～3h under conditions of 490～515 DEG C, after shrend, under conditions of 170～200 DEG C, carry out timeliness
Process 8～16h, i.e. prepare final products.
The preparation method of a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base the most according to claim 2, its feature
Being: the purity of described nano silicon carbide granulate is more than 99.9%, its particle diameter is: 40nm≤D50≤60nm；Described aluminium alloy
Powder is 2024 Al alloy powders, and its particle diameter is 8～12 μm；
The preparation method of a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base according to claim 2, its feature exists
In: described nano silicon carbide granulate by by micrometer silicon carbide silicon grain under the temperature conditions of-20～20 DEG C, protect at applying argon gas
Ball milling hermetically sealed can in carry out ball milling 15～35h and prepare, the abrading-ball of described ball milling is zirconium oxide, and ball radius is 5～10mm, ball
Material ratio is 20:1～80:1；
The preparation method of a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base according to claim 2, its feature exists
In: in described step one, the pressure in sealed after being vacuumized ball grinder is less than 1 × 10-2Pa, is filled with after argon in ball sealer grinding jar
Pressure be 1 × 105～1.5 × 105Pa。
The preparation method of a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base the most according to claim 2, its feature
It is: in described step 2, the abrading-ball of ball milling is agate ball, a diameter of 5～15mm；Ratio of grinding media to material is 10:1～20:1；Turning of ball milling
Speed is 220～380r/min.
The preparation method of a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base the most according to claim 2, its feature
It is: the vacuum condition in described step 3 is vacuum≤1 × 10-2Pa；Described heating degasification method is to heat in 30min
To 400～500 DEG C, the degasification time is 90～120min.
The preparation method of a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base the most according to claim 2, its feature
It is: in described step 4, pressurize mode is: put to normal pressure 5min after pressurize 30min under the conditions of 60～90MPa, and follow successively
Ring；Slow cooling refers to that the time cooling the temperature to 500 DEG C is 1h；Described fast cooling essence is down to less than 150 DEG C from 500 DEG C
Time less than 0.5h.
The preparation method of a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base the most according to claim 2, its feature
Be: the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base after part alloy matrix aluminum being evaporated in described step 5 with 5～
The speed of 20 DEG C/min is cooled to room temperature.
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