CN106244893B - A kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106244893B CN106244893B CN201610775103.4A CN201610775103A CN106244893B CN 106244893 B CN106244893 B CN 106244893B CN 201610775103 A CN201610775103 A CN 201610775103A CN 106244893 B CN106244893 B CN 106244893B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
- C22C32/0063—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on SiC
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
- C22C1/1047—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
Abstract
The present invention relates to particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material technical field, discloses a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base and preparation method thereof.The nano silicon carbide granulate that the composite is 6~16% by volume fraction is evenly distributed in the aluminium alloy that volume fraction is 84~94% and formed, dispensing, ball milling, preforming and 1~5% composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base of hot-forming preparation are first passed through headed by the preparation method, secondly it is concentrated in vacuo and evaporates part alloy matrix aluminum, is finally that the reinforced aluminum matrix composites of the nano silicon carbide granulate content of the present invention are made by solid solution, Ageing Treatment.The reinforced aluminum matrix composites for the high nano silicon carbide granulate content that experimental data proves to prepare by the present invention are not only because the high content of nano silicon carbide granulate has the functional characters such as high heat conduction, electric conductivity, specific modulus, wearability, and take into account intensity and plasticity and toughness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material technical field, specifically a kind of nano silicon carbide granulate increases
Strong aluminum matrix composite and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The development of aeronautical and space technology proposes new requirement and challenge to material property, has been got in common homogenous material
To be more difficult to meet that novel mechanical structures strengthen the particle under the background of part performance requirement, integrating multiple material advantage
Aluminum matrix composite on aerospace instrumentation due to the good mechanical performance such as high ratio modulus, high specific strength, having
It is widely applied, many excellent specific properties such as its high specific stiffness, specific strength, good thermal conductivity, low thermal coefficient of expansion receive extensively
General concern, wide application prospect is illustrated in fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, electronics, in optical precision component and inertia
Application in instrument also increasingly draws attention.But the performance potential of composite how is further played, is still material science
The problem of worker pays close attention to.
Wherein, the specific surface area of nano silicon carbide granulate is huge, and interfacial interaction is strong between particle, and this causes nanometer
The feature of silicon-carbide particle composite such as heat conduction, electric conductivity, specific modulus, wearability greatly improve, nano silicon carbide
Silicon grain internal flaw is few, surface-active is high, with matrix suit intensity height, when its Dispersed precipitate is in matrix, can play
Dispersion-strengthened action, it shows excellent performance and receives increasing concern.
Composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base generally requires high nanometer silicon carbide in its raising functionally
The particle of content.But after in the prior art, nano silicon carbide granulate volume fraction is more than 10%, the plasticity and toughness of aluminum matrix composite
And intensity reduces rapidly, processing becomes difficult.If composite is improving nanometer silicon carbide volume fraction, its feature is ensured
On the premise of, intensity does not decline and plasticity and toughness reach certain value, then composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base except
Its functionalization characteristic protruded, structural material applications are alternatively arranged as in key stressed member, will be had before being more widely applied
Scape.But the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base to circulate in the market can't take into account good function simultaneously
Property, intensity and plasticity and toughness.
The content of the invention
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base and preparation method thereof so that be easy to
Produce and take into account feature, a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base of intensity and plasticity and toughness is achieved.
To solve above technical problem, a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base of the invention is with nano-sized carbon
Silicon carbide particle is enhancing particle, and using aluminium alloy as matrix, wherein the volume fraction of nano silicon carbide granulate is 6~16%, and remaining is
Aluminium alloy.
The method for preparing a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base of the present invention comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Under argon gas protection, the nano silicon carbide granulate and 95~99% that the volume fraction is 1~5% is taken
Al alloy powder is mixed, input sealing ball grinder, will sealing ball grinder vacuumize after be re-filled with argon gas, it is evacuated and be filled with
Argon gas circulates 2~5 times, obtains compound；
Step 2：Sealing ball grinder equipped with compound made from step 1 is subjected to ball milling under the conditions of -20~20 DEG C
15~25h obtains ball milling material, and is shut down once every 2h in mechanical milling process, continues ball milling after cooling down 0.5h；
Step 3：Ball milling material made from step 2 is loaded into heat-resisting steel mold, mould is put into vacuum heating-press sintering equipment
In, carry out vacuum degassing is begun to warm up after evacuation, finally the precompressed under 120~150MPa pressure, make the consistency of raw material
Reach 75%, obtain preformed member；
Step 4：Preformed member made from step 3 is put into air furnace, 560~600 DEG C are heated in 30min,
Normal pressure is down to after 2~4h of heat-insulation pressure keeping under the conditions of 60~90MPa, first slow cooling is to 500 DEG C, then fast cooling is to 150 DEG C
Hereinafter, the molding part for the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that volume fraction is 1~5% is obtained；
Step 5：Molding part made from step 4 is placed in vacuum drying oven, under 18~50 Pa, by vacuum in 40min
1410~1510 DEG C are heated rapidly in stove and carries out vacuum concentration evaporation, after 0.5~8h of insulation evaporates part alloy matrix aluminum
It is cooled to normal temperature and the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that volume fraction is 6~16% is made；
Step 6：By the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that volume fraction made from step 5 is 6~16%
2~3h of solution treatment is carried out under conditions of 490~515 DEG C, when being carried out after water quenching under conditions of 170~200 DEG C
Effect 8~16h of processing, that is, be made final products.
Preferably, the purity of the nano silicon carbide granulate is 99.9% so that particle diameter is thereon：40nm≤D50≤60nm；
The Al alloy powder is 2024 Al alloy powders, and its particle diameter is 8~12 μm.
Preferably, the nano silicon carbide granulate by by micrometer silicon carbide silicon grain under -20~20 DEG C of temperature conditionss,
Carry out 15~35h of ball milling in the ball milling hermetically sealed can of argon filling gas shielded to be made, the abrading-ball of the ball milling is zirconium oxide, ball radius
For 5~10mm, ratio of grinding media to material 20：1~80：1.
Preferably, the pressure in the step 1 in sealed after being vacuumized ball grinder is less than 1 × 10-2Pa, after being filled with argon gas
It is 1 × 10 to seal the pressure in ball grinder5~1.5 × 105Pa。
Preferably, the Material quality of grinding balls of ball milling is agate ball in the step 2, a diameter of 5~15mm；Ratio of grinding media to material is 10:1
~20:1；The rotating speed of ball milling is 220~380r/min.
Preferably, the vacuum condition in the step 3 is vacuum≤1 × 10-2Pa；The heating degasification is in 30min
400~500 DEG C are heated to, the degasification time is 90~120min.
Preferably, pressurize mode is in the step 4：Put after pressurize 30min under the conditions of 60~90MPa to normal pressure
5min, and circulate successively；Slow cooling refers to that the time for cooling the temperature to 500 DEG C is 1h；The fast cooling essence is from 500 DEG C
Being down to less than 150 DEG C of time is less than 0.5h.
Preferably, the nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base after part alloy matrix aluminum is evaporated in the step 5 is compound
Material is cooled to normal temperature with 5~20 DEG C/min speed.
Beneficial effect
A kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base of the present invention, the volume fraction of its nanometer silicon carbide are up to
6~16%, in addition to because of high nano silicon carbide silicone content so as to excellent feature, also with following performance：Specific stiffness 46~
75GNm/g, elongation 5~11 %, 480~610MPa of tensile strength, i.e. specific strength are high, and specific stiffness is big, and plasticity is high；It is known
In application field, space industry typically requires the elongation of structural material more than 5%, therefore the composite of the present invention is high by it
By force, high rigidity, good plasticity can be widely used for Aero-Space, automobile and other industries with various of match materials.
A kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base of the present invention, powder-processed are to ensure composite quality
An important step, the uniform oxidation for mixing and preventing metal dust of Al alloy powder and nano silicon carbide granulate is powder
The key of end reason.Nano silicon carbide granulate is prepared using the method for low temperature ball milling, crystallite dimension is controllable, surface passivation.Aluminium closes
Bronze is mainly heat-treatable strengthened type containing alloying elements such as Cu, Mg.
The preparation method of a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base of the present invention, first by by low content
Nanometer silicon carbide be uniformly distributed in alloy matrix aluminum and form enhancing phase, realize the low nanometer that specific strength is high, specific stiffness is big
The preparation of the reinforced aluminum matrix composites of silicon-carbide particle content：Nano particle and Al alloy powder are realized by high-energy mechanical ball milling
Uniform mixing, and effectively refine matrix grain；Preparation process prevents the oxidation of Al alloy powder under argon gas protection；Agate ball with
Material density is suitable, avoids powder card bottom phenomenon during planetary ball mill, ensures to be sufficiently mixed；It is powder degasification, preforming and hot
Press sinter molding is all in situ under vacuum to carry out, improve the compressibility and compactness of mixed-powder, effectively prevent
The oxidation of Al alloy powder, the good combination of matrix and silicon-carbide particle is ensure that, finally by vacuum evaporation by aluminium alloy
Body portion evaporation realizes that nano silicon carbide granulate volume fraction ensures that nano silicon carbide granulate still is able in the case of improving
It is dispersed in matrix, so as to which a kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base be made.
Embodiment
With reference to several specific embodiments and experimental data, the present invention is further illustrated.
A kind of nano silicon carbide granulate content of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base made from embodiment 1
Volume fraction is 6%, and its raw material is：The Al alloy powder of the nano silicon carbide granulate of 1% volume fraction and 99% volume fraction, wherein
Nano silicon carbide granulate by micrometer silicon carbide silicon grain at -20 DEG C, ratio of grinding media to material 20：It is close in the ball milling of argon filling gas shielded under the conditions of 1
It is made in sealed cans by a diameter of 5mm zirconium oxide balls ball milling 15h, the purity of the nanometer silicon carbide is more than 99.9%, particle diameter
For 40nm（DN50）；Al alloy powder is 2024 Al alloy powders, and particle diameter is 8 μm, and its preparation method is：
Step 1：Under argon gas protection, take the nano silicon carbide granulate and Al alloy powder to be mixed, put into ball sealer
Grinding jar, argon gas is re-filled with after sealing ball grinder is vacuumized, the wherein pressure in sealed after being vacuumized ball grinder is less than 1 × 10- 2Pa, it is 1 × 10 to be filled with the pressure sealed after argon gas in ball grinder5~1.5 × 105Pa, it is evacuated and be filled with argon gas circulation 2
It is secondary, obtain compound.
Step 2：By the sealing ball grinder equipped with compound made from step 1 under the conditions of -20 DEG C, with a diameter of 5mm
Agate abrading-ball carry out ball milling, the mass ratio of abrading-ball and raw material is 10:1, drum's speed of rotation 220r/min, it is every in mechanical milling process
Shut down once every 2h, continue ball milling after cooling down 0.5h, ball milling 15h obtains ball milling material；
Step 3：Ball milling material made from step 2 is loaded into heat-resisting steel mold, 1 × 10-230min under Pa vacuum condition
After being inside heated to 400 DEG C of progress vacuum degassing 90min, the precompressed under 120MPa pressure, the consistency of raw material is reached 75%, obtain
Preformed member；
Step 4：Preformed member made from step 3 is put into air furnace, started after 560 DEG C are heated in 30min
60MPa is forced into, is put after keeping 30min to normal pressure 5min, and is circulated successively, normal pressure is down to after 2h, finally 1h at the uniform velocity
Slow cooling is to 500 DEG C, then fast cooling to less than 150 DEG C, obtains the nano silicon carbide granulate that volume fraction is 1% in 0.5h
The molding part of reinforced aluminum matrix composites；
Step 5：Molding part made from step 4 is placed in vacuum drying oven, under 18 Pa, by vacuum drying oven in 40min
It is heated rapidly to 1410 DEG C and carries out vacuum concentration evaporation, is incubated after 0.5h evaporates part alloy matrix aluminum with 5~20 DEG C/min
Speed be cooled to normal temperature i.e. be made volume fraction be 6% composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base；
Step 6：By the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base section bar that volume fraction made from step 5 is 6%
Solution treatment 2h is carried out under conditions of 490 DEG C, Ageing Treatment 8h is carried out under conditions of 170 DEG C after water quenching, that is, makes
Obtain final products.
A kind of nano silicon carbide granulate content of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base made from embodiment 2
Volume fraction is 8%, and its raw material is：The Al alloy powder of the nano silicon carbide granulate of 2% volume fraction and 98% volume fraction, wherein
Nano silicon carbide granulate by micrometer silicon carbide silicon grain at -13 DEG C, ratio of grinding media to material 30：It is close in the ball milling of argon filling gas shielded under the conditions of 1
It is made in sealed cans by a diameter of 6mm zirconium oxide balls ball milling 19h, the purity of the nanometer silicon carbide is more than 99.9%, particle diameter
For 44nm（DN50）；Al alloy powder is 2024 Al alloy powders, and particle diameter is 9 μm, and its preparation method is：
Step 1：Under argon gas protection, take the nano silicon carbide granulate and Al alloy powder to be mixed, put into ball sealer
Grinding jar, argon gas is re-filled with after sealing ball grinder is vacuumized, the wherein pressure in sealed after being vacuumized ball grinder is less than 1 × 10- 2Pa, it is 1 × 10 to be filled with the pressure sealed after argon gas in ball grinder5~1.5 × 105Pa, it is evacuated and be filled with argon gas circulation 3
It is secondary, obtain compound.
Step 2：By the sealing ball grinder equipped with compound made from step 1 under the conditions of -13 DEG C, with a diameter of 7mm
Agate abrading-ball carry out ball milling, the mass ratio of abrading-ball and raw material is 12:1, drum's speed of rotation 250r/min, it is every in mechanical milling process
Shut down once every 2h, continue ball milling after cooling down 0.5h, ball milling 17h obtains ball milling material；
Step 3：Ball milling material made from step 2 is loaded into heat-resisting steel mold, 1 × 10-230min under Pa vacuum condition
After being inside heated to 420 DEG C of progress vacuum degassing 95min, the precompressed under 125MPa pressure, the consistency of raw material is reached 75%, obtain
Preformed member；
Step 4：Preformed member made from step 3 is put into air furnace, started after 570 DEG C are heated in 30min
66MPa is forced into, is put after keeping 30min to normal pressure 5min, and is circulated successively, normal pressure is down to after 2.5h, it is finally even in 1h
Fast slow cooling is to 500 DEG C, then fast cooling to less than 150 DEG C, obtains the nanometer silicon carbide that volume fraction is 1% in 0.5h
The molding part of grain reinforced aluminum matrix composites；
Step 5：Molding part made from step 4 is placed in vacuum drying oven, under 25 Pa, by vacuum drying oven in 40min
It is heated rapidly to 1430 DEG C and carries out vacuum concentration evaporation, is incubated after 2h evaporates part alloy matrix aluminum with 5~20 DEG C/min's
Speed is cooled to normal temperature and the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that volume fraction is 8% is made；
Step 6：By the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base section bar that volume fraction made from step 5 is 8%
Solution treatment 2h is carried out under conditions of 495 DEG C, Ageing Treatment 9h is carried out under conditions of 176 DEG C after water quenching, that is, makes
Obtain final products.
A kind of nano silicon carbide granulate content of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base made from embodiment 3
Volume fraction is 10%, and its raw material is：The Al alloy powder of the nano silicon carbide granulate of 2% volume fraction and 98% volume fraction, wherein
Nano silicon carbide granulate by micrometer silicon carbide silicon grain at -4 DEG C, ratio of grinding media to material 45：It is close in the ball milling of argon filling gas shielded under the conditions of 1
It is made in sealed cans by a diameter of 7mm zirconium oxide balls ball milling 23h, the purity of the nanometer silicon carbide is more than 99.9%, particle diameter
For 48nm（DN50）；Al alloy powder is 2024 Al alloy powders, and particle diameter is 10 μm, and its preparation method is：
Step 1：Under argon gas protection, take the nano silicon carbide granulate and Al alloy powder to be mixed, put into ball sealer
Grinding jar, argon gas is re-filled with after sealing ball grinder is vacuumized, the wherein pressure in sealed after being vacuumized ball grinder is less than 1 × 10- 2Pa, it is 1 × 10 to be filled with the pressure sealed after argon gas in ball grinder5~1.5 × 105Pa, it is evacuated and be filled with argon gas circulation 3
It is secondary, obtain compound.
Step 2：By the sealing ball grinder equipped with compound made from step 1 under the conditions of -5 DEG C, with a diameter of 9mm's
The mass ratio of agate abrading-ball progress ball milling, abrading-ball and raw material is 15:1, drum's speed of rotation 285r/min, in mechanical milling process every
2h is shut down once, continues ball milling after cooling down 0.5h, ball milling 19h obtains ball milling material；
Step 3：Ball milling material made from step 2 is loaded into heat-resisting steel mold, 1 × 10-230min under Pa vacuum condition
After being inside heated to 440 DEG C of progress vacuum degassing 100min, the precompressed under 135MPa pressure, the consistency of raw material is reached 75%, obtain
Preformed member；
Step 4：Preformed member made from step 3 is put into air furnace, started after 575 DEG C are heated in 30min
72MPa is forced into, is put after keeping 30min to normal pressure 5min, and is circulated successively, normal pressure is down to after 3h, finally 1h at the uniform velocity
Slow cooling is to 500 DEG C, then fast cooling to less than 150 DEG C, obtains the nano silicon carbide granulate that volume fraction is 1% in 0.5h
The molding part of reinforced aluminum matrix composites；
Step 5：Molding part made from step 4 is placed in vacuum drying oven, under 30 Pa, by vacuum drying oven in 40min
It is heated rapidly to 1450 DEG C and carries out vacuum concentration evaporation, is incubated after 3.5h evaporates part alloy matrix aluminum with 5~20 DEG C/min
Speed be cooled to normal temperature i.e. be made volume fraction be 10% composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base；
Step 6：By the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base type that volume fraction made from step 5 is 10%
Material carries out solution treatment 2.5h under conditions of 500 DEG C, carries out Ageing Treatment 11h under conditions of 180 DEG C after water quenching,
Final products are made.
A kind of nano silicon carbide granulate content of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base made from embodiment 4
Volume fraction is 12%, and its raw material is：The Al alloy powder of the nano silicon carbide granulate of 3% volume fraction and 97% volume fraction, wherein
Nano silicon carbide granulate by micrometer silicon carbide silicon grain at 4 DEG C, ratio of grinding media to material 55：Under the conditions of 1, sealed in the ball milling of argon filling gas shielded
It is made in tank by a diameter of 8mm zirconium oxide balls ball milling 27h, more than 99.9%, particle diameter is the purity of the nanometer silicon carbide
52nm（DN50）；Al alloy powder is 2024 Al alloy powders, and particle diameter is 10 μm, and its preparation method is：
Step 1：Under argon gas protection, take the nano silicon carbide granulate and Al alloy powder to be mixed, put into ball sealer
Grinding jar, argon gas is re-filled with after sealing ball grinder is vacuumized, the wherein pressure in sealed after being vacuumized ball grinder is less than 1 × 10- 2Pa, it is 1 × 10 to be filled with the pressure sealed after argon gas in ball grinder5~1.5 × 105Pa, it is evacuated and be filled with argon gas circulation 4
It is secondary, obtain compound.
Step 2：By the sealing ball grinder equipped with compound made from step 1 under the conditions of 4 DEG C, with a diameter of 11mm's
The mass ratio of agate abrading-ball progress ball milling, abrading-ball and raw material is 16:1, drum's speed of rotation 315r/min, in mechanical milling process every
2h is shut down once, continues ball milling after cooling down 0.5h, ball milling 21h obtains ball milling material；
Step 3：Ball milling material made from step 2 is loaded into heat-resisting steel mold, 1 × 10-230min under Pa vacuum condition
After being inside heated to 460 DEG C of progress vacuum degassing 110min, the precompressed under 140MPa pressure, the consistency of raw material is reached 75%, obtain
Preformed member；
Step 4：Preformed member made from step 3 is put into air furnace, started after 585 DEG C are heated in 30min
78MPa is forced into, is put after keeping 30min to normal pressure 5min, and is circulated successively, normal pressure is down to after 3h, finally 1h at the uniform velocity
Slow cooling is to 500 DEG C, then fast cooling to less than 150 DEG C, obtains the nano silicon carbide granulate that volume fraction is 1% in 0.5h
The molding part of reinforced aluminum matrix composites；
Step 5：Molding part made from step 4 is placed in vacuum drying oven, under 38 Pa, by vacuum drying oven in 40min
It is heated rapidly to 1470 DEG C and carries out vacuum concentration evaporation, is incubated after 5h evaporates part alloy matrix aluminum with 5~20 DEG C/min's
Speed is cooled to normal temperature and the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that volume fraction is 12% is made；
Step 6：By the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base type that volume fraction made from step 5 is 12%
Material carries out solution treatment 2.5h under conditions of 505 DEG C, carries out Ageing Treatment 13h under conditions of 190 DEG C after water quenching,
Final products are made.
A kind of nano silicon carbide granulate content of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base made from embodiment 5
Volume fraction is 14%, and its raw material is：The Al alloy powder of the nano silicon carbide granulate of 4% volume fraction and 96% volume fraction, wherein
Nano silicon carbide granulate by micrometer silicon carbide silicon grain at 12 DEG C, ratio of grinding media to material 70：It is close in the ball milling of argon filling gas shielded under the conditions of 1
It is made in sealed cans by a diameter of 9mm zirconium oxide balls ball milling 30h, the purity of the nanometer silicon carbide is more than 99.9%, particle diameter
For 55nm（DN50）；Al alloy powder is 2024 Al alloy powders, and particle diameter is 11 μm, and its preparation method is：
Step 1：Under argon gas protection, take the nano silicon carbide granulate and Al alloy powder to be mixed, put into ball sealer
Grinding jar, argon gas is re-filled with after sealing ball grinder is vacuumized, the wherein pressure in sealed after being vacuumized ball grinder is less than 1 × 10- 2Pa, it is 1 × 10 to be filled with the pressure sealed after argon gas in ball grinder5~1.5 × 105Pa, it is evacuated and be filled with argon gas circulation 4
It is secondary, obtain compound.
Step 2：By the sealing ball grinder equipped with compound made from step 1 under the conditions of 12 DEG C, with a diameter of 13mm
Agate abrading-ball carry out ball milling, the mass ratio of abrading-ball and raw material is 18:1, drum's speed of rotation 350r/min, it is every in mechanical milling process
Shut down once every 2h, continue ball milling after cooling down 0.5h, ball milling 23h obtains ball milling material；
Step 3：Ball milling material made from step 2 is loaded into heat-resisting steel mold, 1 × 10-230min under Pa vacuum condition
After being inside heated to 480 DEG C of progress vacuum degassing 115min, the precompressed under 145MPa pressure, the consistency of raw material is reached 75%, obtain
Preformed member；
Step 4：Preformed member made from step 3 is put into air furnace, started after 590 DEG C are heated in 30min
66MPa is forced into, is put after keeping 30min to normal pressure 5min, and is circulated successively, normal pressure is down to after 3.5h, it is finally even in 1h
Fast slow cooling is to 500 DEG C, then fast cooling to less than 150 DEG C, obtains the nanometer silicon carbide that volume fraction is 1% in 0.5h
The molding part of grain reinforced aluminum matrix composites；
Step 5：Molding part made from step 4 is placed in vacuum drying oven, under 44 Pa, by vacuum drying oven in 40min
It is heated rapidly to 1490 DEG C and carries out vacuum concentration evaporation, is incubated after 6.5h evaporates part alloy matrix aluminum with 5~20 DEG C/min
Speed be cooled to normal temperature i.e. be made volume fraction be 14% composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base；
Step 6：By the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base type that volume fraction made from step 5 is 14%
Material carries out solution treatment 3h under conditions of 510 DEG C, carries out Ageing Treatment 14h under conditions of 195 DEG C after water quenching, i.e.,
Final products are made.
A kind of nano silicon carbide granulate content of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base made from embodiment 6
Volume fraction is 16%, and its raw material is：The Al alloy powder of the nano silicon carbide granulate of 5% volume fraction and 95% volume fraction, wherein
Nano silicon carbide granulate by micrometer silicon carbide silicon grain at 20 DEG C, ratio of grinding media to material 80：It is close in the ball milling of argon filling gas shielded under the conditions of 1
It is made in sealed cans by a diameter of 10mm zirconium oxide balls ball milling 15h, the purity of the nanometer silicon carbide is more than 99.9%, grain
Footpath is 60nm（DN50）；Al alloy powder is 2024 Al alloy powders, and particle diameter is 12 μm, and its preparation method is：
Step 1：Under argon gas protection, take the nano silicon carbide granulate and Al alloy powder to be mixed, put into ball sealer
Grinding jar, argon gas is re-filled with after sealing ball grinder is vacuumized, the wherein pressure in sealed after being vacuumized ball grinder is less than 1 × 10- 2Pa, it is 1 × 10 to be filled with the pressure sealed after argon gas in ball grinder5~1.5 × 105Pa, it is evacuated and be filled with argon gas circulation 5
It is secondary, obtain compound.
Step 2：By the sealing ball grinder equipped with compound made from step 1 under the conditions of 20 DEG C, with a diameter of 15mm
Agate abrading-ball carry out ball milling, the mass ratio of abrading-ball and raw material is 20:1, drum's speed of rotation 380r/min, it is every in mechanical milling process
Shut down once every 2h, continue ball milling after cooling down 0.5h, ball milling 25h obtains ball milling material；
Step 3：Ball milling material made from step 2 is loaded into heat-resisting steel mold, 1 × 10-230min under Pa vacuum condition
After being inside heated to 500 DEG C of progress vacuum degassing 120min, the precompressed under 150MPa pressure, the consistency of raw material is reached 75%, obtain
Preformed member；
Step 4：Preformed member made from step 3 is put into air furnace, started after 600 DEG C are heated in 30min
66MPa is forced into, is put after keeping 30min to normal pressure 5min, and is circulated successively, normal pressure is down to after 4h, finally 1h at the uniform velocity
Slow cooling is to 500 DEG C, then fast cooling to less than 150 DEG C, obtains the nano silicon carbide granulate that volume fraction is 16% in 0.5h
The molding part of reinforced aluminum matrix composites；
Step 5：Molding part made from step 4 is placed in vacuum drying oven, under 50 Pa, by vacuum drying oven in 40min
It is heated rapidly to 1510 DEG C and carries out vacuum concentration evaporation, is incubated after 8h evaporates part alloy matrix aluminum with 5~20 DEG C/min's
Speed is cooled to normal temperature and the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that volume fraction is 6% is made；
Step 6：By the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base section bar that volume fraction made from step 5 is 6%
Solution treatment 3h is carried out under conditions of 515 DEG C, Ageing Treatment 16h is carried out under conditions of 200 DEG C after water quenching, that is, makes
Obtain final products.
Intensity and plasticity and toughness performance to the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base obtained by embodiment 1~6
Major parameter compared with 2024 aluminium alloys obtained experimental data such as following table one：
Table one
As shown in table one, a kind of intensity of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base of the invention is better than common
2024 aluminium alloys, and elongation >=6.8%, and typically require the elongation of structural material more than 5% in space industry, it is seen then that it is logical
A kind of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base of the invention prepared is crossed not only because of the high content of nano silicon carbide granulate
With functional characters such as high heat conduction, electric conductivity, specific modulus, wearabilities, and take into account intensity and plasticity and toughness.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of preparation method of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base, the nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base
Composite is using nano silicon carbide granulate as enhancing particle, using aluminium alloy as matrix, and the wherein volume of nano silicon carbide granulate
Fraction is 6~16%, and remaining is aluminium alloy, it is characterised in that：The preparation method comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Under argon gas protection, nano silicon carbide granulate and 95~99% Al alloy powder that volume fraction is 1~5% are taken
Mixed, input sealing ball grinder, will sealing ball grinder vacuumize after be re-filled with argon gas, it is evacuated and be filled with argon gas circulation
2~5 times, obtain compound；
Step 2：Sealing ball grinder equipped with compound made from step 1 is carried out under the conditions of -20~20 DEG C ball milling 15~
25h obtains ball milling material, and is shut down once every 2h in mechanical milling process, continues ball milling after cooling down 0.5h；
Step 3：Ball milling material made from step 2 is loaded into heat-resisting steel mold, mould is put into vacuum heating-press sintering equipment,
Carry out vacuum degassing is begun to warm up after vacuumizing, finally the precompressed under 120~150MPa pressure, reach the consistency of raw material
75%, obtain preformed member；
Step 4：Preformed member made from step 3 is put into air furnace, 560~600 DEG C are heated in 30min, 60
Normal pressure is down under the conditions of~90MPa after 2~4h of heat-insulation pressure keeping, first slow cooling is to 500 DEG C, then fast cooling is to less than 150 DEG C,
Obtain the molding part for the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that volume fraction is 1~5%；The slow cooling refer to by
The time that temperature is down to 500 DEG C is 1h, and the fast cooling refers to be less than 0.5h from 500 DEG C of times for being down to less than 150 DEG C；
Step 5：Molding part made from step 4 is placed in vacuum drying oven, under 18~50 Pa, by vacuum drying oven in 40min
It is heated rapidly to 1410~1510 DEG C and carries out vacuum concentration evaporation, 0.5~8h of insulation is cooled down after part alloy matrix aluminum is evaporated
It is that the composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that volume fraction is 6~16% is made to normal temperature；
Step 6：The composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base that volume fraction made from step 5 is 6~16% is existed
2~3h of solution treatment is carried out under conditions of 490~515 DEG C, carries out timeliness under conditions of 170~200 DEG C after water quenching
8~16h is handled, that is, final products are made.
2. a kind of preparation method of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base according to claim 1, its feature
It is：The purity of the nano silicon carbide granulate is more than 99.9%, and its particle diameter is：40nm≤D50≤60nm；The aluminium alloy
Powder is 2024 Al alloy powders, and its particle diameter is 8~12 μm.
3. a kind of preparation method of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base according to claim 1, its feature
It is：The nano silicon carbide granulate is by the way that micrometer silicon carbide silicon grain under -20~20 DEG C of temperature conditionss, is protected in applying argon gas
15~35h of ball milling is carried out in the ball milling hermetically sealed can of shield to be made, the abrading-ball of the ball milling is zirconium oxide, and ball radius is 5~10mm,
Ratio of grinding media to material is 20：1~80：1.
4. a kind of preparation method of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base according to claim 1, its feature
It is：Pressure in the step 1 in sealed after being vacuumized ball grinder is less than 1 × 10-2Pa, ball grinder is sealed after being filled with argon gas
Interior pressure is 1 × 105~1.5 × 105Pa。
5. a kind of preparation method of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base according to claim 1, its feature
It is：The abrading-ball of ball milling is agate ball in the step 2, a diameter of 5~15mm；Ratio of grinding media to material is 10:1~20:1；Ball milling turns
Speed is 220~380r/min.
6. a kind of preparation method of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base according to claim 1, its feature
It is：Vacuum condition in the step 3 is vacuum≤1 × 10-2Pa；The heating degasification method is to be heated in 30min
To 400~500 DEG C, the degasification time is 90~120min.
7. a kind of preparation method of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base according to claim 1, its feature
It is：Pressurize mode is in the step 4：Put to normal pressure 5min after pressurize 30min under the conditions of 60~90MPa, and follow successively
Ring.
8. a kind of preparation method of composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base according to claim 1, its feature
It is：Composite material with nano silicon carbide granulate strengthening aluminium base after part alloy matrix aluminum is evaporated in the step 5 with 5~
20 DEG C/min speed is cooled to normal temperature.
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| CN109371290B (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2020-10-16 | 湘潭金波新材料科技有限公司 | Silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109881046B (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2021-01-15 | 武汉科技大学 | Nano silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-zinc-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109825744B (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2021-03-26 | 河南科技大学 | In-situ generated nano tetra-aluminum carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN110241321A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-09-17 | 南京海泰纳米材料有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of the reinforced aluminium base alloy material based on nano-ceramic particle |
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