CN102618444A - Culture solution for directionally culturing young abalone feed such as Cocconeis - Google Patents
Culture solution for directionally culturing young abalone feed such as Cocconeis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a culture solution for directionally culturing young abalone feed such as Cocconeis, which comprises the following components by weight, 50-80 parts of NaNO3, 0.3-1 part of NaH2PO4.H2O, 1-2 parts of FeC6H5O7.5H20, 3-5 parts of Na2SiO3.9H2O and 2-4 parts of diatom nutrient element. By the adoption of the culture solution, the culture time of the high-quality young abalone feed benthonic diatom is shortened to 15-30 days from 20-100 days.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation technology of a kind of Bao young high-quality bait benthic diatom, specifically be meant a kind of post-directed training liquid that can in Bao larval culture breeding production, cultivate the high-quality bait benthic diatom that suitable Bao Youti such as avette algae ingests in a large number.
Background technology
In the cultivating process of abalone seed; The sufficient supplies of high-quality bait is to guarantee to grow seedlings a production important factors of success smoothly; Especially crawl the larval culture stages such as larval stage, perisotomice shell larval stage, epipodium differentiation larval stage and young Bao Qi at the initial stage that with the benthic diatom is open-mouthed bait and unique feed source; For kind, the quality and quantity of the benthic diatom that Bao Youti provided will seriously affect the health of success ratio, seedling rate and the seed of growing seedlings, even the success or failure of growing seedlings have been determined.Bao Youti took off plate problem again and again in 2002～2006 years, caused abalone culture already to sustain losses severely, the serious situation that faces collapse just with the algae of Bao Youti adherance mutually instability confidential relation is arranged.Nursery effect problem Chinese scholars to benthic diatom has been carried out comparatively deep research; Generally believe that several kinds of algae such as avette algae, boat-shaped algae, two eyebrow algaes are the high-quality bait benthic diatom kinds that comparatively are fit to the Bao Youti growth needs in the numerous marine benthic diatom; Adopt these several kinds of benthic diatoms to carry out the Bao larval culture; Not only size is suitable, nutritious; And growth is stable, can obtain the higher speed of growth and surviving rate, and the purebred cultivation that suggestion above-mentioned several kinds of benthic diatom algae kinds of artificial inoculation in cultivating the Bao Miao process are carried out benthic diatom supplies Bao Youti to ingest.But because the guarantor of benthic diatom plants and a large amount of purebred cultivation of algae kind still exists many difficult problems; Required incubation time is longer again; Its actual production also only can be supplied small-sized Bao artificial breeding experiment; Just can't satisfy the demands fully and will carry out large-scale Bao Miao production; Seriously restricted developing rapidly of abalone culture industry, therefore mostly in present Bao Miao production practice all failed to carry out the purebred cultivation of benthic diatom, but the extensive style of taking heavy dressing in seawater at random cultural method cultivate benthic diatom.But so the benthic diatom cultivated of mode often kind is very complicated, usually cause following problem: the one, the breed microenvironment of Bao Miao worsens because of algae is unstable mutually and causes Bao to take off seedling again and again; The 2nd, because the individual big benthic diatom of the right bait property problem of Bao Miao is because of being difficult to the raised growth formation sociales that ingested; Remove and suppressed right bait property algae grows; Make Bao Youti because of outside the deficiency nutritive deficiency of fitting bait property bait; More serious is aging, the death, rotten along with these algae that can not be ingested, and breeding environment can worsen rapidly, causes Bao Miao to be poisoned to death; The 3rd, if raised growth is the benthic diatom that grows with three-dimensional mode then causes Bao Miao to get deeply stuck in wherein easily and suffocate on adherance.Take aforesaid method to produce that benthic diatom also exists the cost height simultaneously, a series of problems such as speed is slow, incubation time is long, algae easy ageing, nutritional quality difference in addition.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of patent of the present invention be exactly according to the difference of marine benthic diatom growth stability on the Bao Youti adherance develop a kind of can slewing the nutrient solution of benthic diatom of some suitable Bao Youti growth needs such as the avette algae of ground large scale culturing; Supply to guarantee the high-quality bait during the Bao Youmiao; Improve the breeding environment of Bao Miao, improve the success ratio of growing seedlings of Bao Miao.
Technical scheme of the present invention is following:
A kind of nutrient solution that is used to train for a certain area Bao Youti bait such as avette algae, by weight, comprising:
NaNO
350-80 part; NaH
2PO
4H
2O 0.3-1 part;
FeC
6H
5O
75H
2O 1-2 part; Na
2SiO
39H
2O 3-5 part; And
Diatom nutritive element 4-6 part.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described diatom nutritive element comprises vitamin complex and ooze extracting solution.Wherein vitamin complex is the nutritional needs of the benthic diatom of suitable Bao Youti growth needs such as the avette algae of promotion; The ooze extracting solution contains required various trace elements of benthic diatom growth and breeding and dissolved organic matter matter; Comprise that some has the nutritive substance of assisting growth effect; And itself have certain complexing agent effect, and be easy to keep The dissolved and absorbed by algae, be the effective way that solves the trace element supply.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described vitamin complex is by weight comprising:
Cobalamin 0.5-1 part, VITMAIN B1 100-200 part,
Vitamin H 0.5-1 part and folic acid 0.0002-0.0005 part.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, add 100000 parts in water after the VITAMINs of this proportioning mixes and be made into the use of vitamin complex mother liquor.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the said diatom nutritive element, vitamin complex mother liquor and ooze extract ratio of mixture do, by volume 1: 1-1: 4.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the compound said diatom nutritive element, vitamin complex mother liquor and ooze extract ratio of mixture do, by volume 1: 1.5-1: 2.5.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described ooze extracting solution is obtained by following method:
(1) choose ooze in the coastal beach, remove foreign material such as twig and finger stone wherein, calculate with volume ratio, 1 part of mud adds 1.5-3 part water and stirs, and leaves standstill, treat coarse sand, gravelstone sinking after, get upper strata mud;
(2) per 1000 milliliters of mud add NaOH 0.5-2 gram, constantly stir, and boil after 20-30 minute and leave standstill, and draw supernatant and use.Because ooze contains a large amount of humic acidss, add NaOH and both can play neutralizing effect, also can remove some objectionable impuritiess.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the said step (2), after the sucking-off of ooze extract, except that using the same day, again through boiling 1-2 time, preserve subsequent use in the big flask of packing into.
Bao Youti bait methods such as the avette algae of a kind of post-directed training is characterized in that: used aforesaid nutrient solution.
The traditional benthic diatom cultural method that compares; The nutrient solution that adopts the present invention to be used to train for a certain area Bao Youti bait such as avette algae can foreshorten to 15-30 days by 20-100 days with the cultivation time of Bao Youti high-quality bait benthic diatom; Not only frond is fresh; Content is nutritious to help ingesting and growing of Bao Youti more, and has improved the service efficiency of breeding facility greatly, and because the benthic diatom of growth is to be sociales with advantage benthic diatom populations such as avette algaes basically; Reduce the harm of assorted algae growth to Bao Youti; A series of problems that the algae that often meets with of avoiding in the cultivating process of Bao Youti is unstable mutually, the benthic diatom dominant species is not suitable for that Bao Youti ingests or the frond microenvironment that causes that high-quality bait is not enough, dwell in the end such as aging worsens reduce the generation that Bao Miao takes off plate, improve the success ratio of growing seedlings.In addition, the extensive post-directed training technological operation of Bao young high-quality bait benthic diatom provided by the invention simply, carry out easily, cost is lower, the suitable popularization.
Embodiment
Cultivate smoothly when a collection of young Bao of Zhangpu County avantcorps Bao nursery and successfully prepare to change over to the breed of four angle bricks during the phase in September, 2008; The applicant picks up the Bao Youti adherance plastics film that these attach completely young Bao one by one; Carefully young Bao is stripped down from the Bao Youti adherance; Then these adherance plastics films of educating Bao Miao are collected tentatively and select; The film of golden color is put back to the algae culture pond of handling and fill it up with filtering sea through cleaning and sterilizing, therefrom randomly draws 100 adherance films and cuts small pieces respectively and be used for detecting, and rest part is put back to algae and cultivated the pond and continue to cultivate.Every size of little diaphragm of cutting is that 2cm * 2cm uses 5% formalin fixed, with blade the algae on the film is scraped respectively then, and zero(ppm) water washes test tube; Staticly settle back simmer down to 20ml, shake up and get an amount of algae liquid, 98% vitriol oil that adds equivalent is in 95～100 ℃ of water-bath 10～30min; Wash then to pH6～7; Concentrate, examine under a microscope its form size, analyze physiology characteristic such as its growth pattern, adhesive ability and motor capacity and take pictures and do preliminary evaluation; The diatom sample that does not identify is drawn 5 μ l again and is tiled in natural airing on the micropore copper mesh after concentrating, shaking up, place TEM or SEM to observe the evaluation that does further analysis of taking pictures down.The analytical results of the benthic diatom kind of part film is as shown in table 1, and the observations of physiology characteristics such as the growth pattern of wherein each kind of benthic diatom, adhesive ability and motor capacity and the growth stability on adherance thereof are estimated as shown in table 2.
The group that can find out from its benthic diatom of film in same Bao Miao pond from table 1 constitutes similar basically.Though the adherance film benthic diatom structure of community in different Bao Miao pond is difference to some extent; But also all be to be main basically with several kinds of benthic diatoms such as avette algae, two eyebrow algae, boat-shaped algae, rhombus algae, unusual rod shape algae, shank algae, beads melosiras; Particularly avette algae has higher abundance; In 100 adherance samples being analyzed, there is the avette algae density percent of total on 91 the analytic sample to surpass 80%, the avette algae density on the film sample that has even up to 97%.The growth characteristics of further analyzing benthic diatom can find that these benthic diatoms exist evident difference at aspects such as adhesion strength, growth pattern and motor capacities, and these differences seriously affect the growth adhesion condition (be benthic diatom growth stability on film) of benthic diatom on the Bao Youti adherance.Wherein the avette algae anopheles minimus of shield, the avette algae of shield, avette algae since be with the strong and motor capacity of prone type growth, adhesion strength very a little less than, so its adhesion and growth stability on film is the strongest; Though and the two eyebrow algaes of coffee, bent shell algae, qin formula rhombus algae, racemosus boat-shaped algae is also mostly is to be grown to the master with prone type; But, make to be inferior to avette algae aspect its adhesion and growth stability on film because they are slightly not enough aspect adhesion strength or motor capacity; And algae such as unusual rod shape algae, rhomboid algae, curved rhombus algae, shank algae, beads melosira especially because of they mainly be with adhere to or vertical type growth and adhesion strength a little less than motor capacity stronger; Thereby the adhesion on film is very poor; Growth is very unstable; Under the impact of current, very easily come off particularly unusual rod shape algae, Qu Zhouzao etc.
Cooperating hydraulic giant to clean until the adherance film surface with cleaning machine respectively the adherance film cleans up but till the light flavous vitrina of still visible in the sun one deck basically.The film fragment of on the adherance film of above-mentioned sampling analysis, cutting 2cm * 2cm more respectively respectively after stopping to clean is analyzed at microscopically; The group of detection benthic diatom on the adherance film of technical finesse constitutes the growing state of changing conditions, particularly avette algae.The result is as shown in table 3: through clean; Though the benthic diatom quantity on the adherance film obviously reduces; But kind is more concentrated; Those with adhere to or vertical type growth, adhesion strength a little less than and motor capacity basically all is never to be found through after the above-mentioned technical finesses in the very poor benthic diatom kind of the adhesion on the film such as unusual rod shape algae, rhomboid algae, curved rhombus algae, shank algae, beads melosira etc. algae by force; And those with prone type growth, adhesion strength strong and motor capacity very a little less than, the adhesion on film is better, the cell density per-cent that strong benthic diatom kind is stablized in growth has had corresponding raising on the contrary; Particularly total cell density per-cent of 3 kinds of algae such as the avette algae anopheles minimus of shield, the avette algae of shield, avette algae is increased to more than 90% mostly, even near 100%.
The adherance film is wrapped pebbles with bungee be bundled into the bouquet shape and throw in the algae culture pond of having filled it up with the secondary filtration seawater, apply benthic diatom slewing and cultivate nutritive medium (NaNO
360mg/L, NaH
2PO
4H
2O 0.5mg/L, FeC
6H
5O
75H
2O1.26mg/L, Na
2SiO
39H
2O 4mg/L; Diatom nutritive element 3mg/L); Continuous charge was cultivated 5～10 days under the illumination of 1500～2500lx; Whenever changed water 1 time during this time, and according to the corresponding extra-nutrition liquid of quantity of exchanged water, treat that benthic diatom is after adhering on the film and raised growth reaches certain density at a distance from 3～5 days; Film is taken out the cleaning machine of using special use once more cooperates hydraulic giant to clean; Make high-quality bait benthic diatom such as avette algae on adherance, form the bigger density per-cent that adheres to, cultivate and continue in the fresh filtering sea of nutritive medium to cultivate 4～7 days containing benthic diatom slewing then that so process repeats just to obtain for 2～3 times the high-quality bait benthic diatoms such as avette algae that raised growth advantage, nutritious, suitable Bao Youti are ingested.
Wherein, described diatom nutritive element is vitamin complex and ooze extracting solution, and making method is:
Vitamin complex comprises: cobalamin 0.5-1mg, VITMAIN B1 100-200mg, vitamin H 0.5-1mg folic acid 0.2-0.5ug, pure water 1000ml is made into the vitamin complex mother liquor of 1000ml.The ooze extract: it is less to get in coastal certain beach of sky chiltern, organic more, glossiness good and don't be the undue black ooze that becomes silted up, foreign material such as removing twig and finger stone wherein; Add 2 parts of water with 1 part of mud of calculation of capacity and stir, left standstill 1～2 minute, treat that coarse sand, gravelstone sink after; In upper strata mud impouring container, discard foreign material such as bottom coarse sand, stone, the amount that adds sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 1 gram by per 1000 milliliters of mud adds sodium hydroxide (NaOH); Constantly stir, boil after 20～30 minutes and left standstill 24 hours, draw supernatant and use; After the sucking-off of ooze extract, except that using the same day, in the big flask of can packing into again through boiling (every day 1 time) 1-2 time; Can do the preservation of long period, should be during use again through boiling.The vitamin complex mother liquor mixes with the ooze extract and forms the diatom nutritive element during use, and proportioning is 1: 1-1: 2.
Table 4 is that part adherance film is in the growth vigor changing conditions through the avette algae after handling once more.Visible from table: through cleaning-multiplication culture-technical finesse repeatedly of cleaning again, the avette algae cell density percent of total on most films all can reach more than 99%, even 100%.Though the kind on the film that has still has 6～9 kinds; More than the species number after cleaning first (seeing table 3); But the cell density per-cent of avette algae has improved greatly; Why still have the growth of some other benthic diatom mainly to be because carry out the large scale culturing of benthic diatom because water consumption can only be used natural sea-water very greatly; Though and these natural sea-waters have through 2 filtrations, but still can have a spot of various assorted algae to exist, these assorted algaes can be attached to more or less on the adherance film and grow.However and since these assorted algaes the sticking power on the adherance all a little less than, and quantity is seldom, its cell density per-cent just be easy to be eliminated through clean, so the influence of these assorted algaes almost can be ignored mostly less than 0.01%.And according to the observation of production practice, the microalgae of ingesting easily at some Bao Youti such as a spot of little ring algae, boat-shaped algae, melosira, rhombus algae, bent shell algae, two eyebrow algaes are provided adhering to of Bao Youti early stage (in 3～7 days) has very big benefit to the surviving rate that improves Bao Youti on the contrary as the open-mouthed bait of Bao Youti.
Table 5 is that the superiority-inferiority of several kinds of benthic diatom cultural methods compares; Cultivate method of benthic diatom and the purebred inoculation method of in benthic diatom research, taking at random compared to the extensive style of in Bao Yumiao produces, generally taking heavy dressing in seawater at present; The incubation time of this law is shorter; The density of algae is big, purity is higher, success ratio is also high, uses easily aborning and promotes; Though and the growth of traditional extensive style cultural method is very fast, cultivation is easy, kind is very assorted, algae is unstable mutually, and algae is prone to aging coming off; More enlarged culturing, seawater need reasons such as special processing because technical sophistication and algae need step by step as for adopting purebred inoculation method, and the amount of algae difficulty that reach the demand of ingesting that can satisfy Bao Youti is very big, is difficult to use in big area production.
Above-mentionedly be merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, allly utilizes this design that the present invention is carried out the change of unsubstantiality, all should belong to the behavior of invading protection domain of the present invention.
The detected result of the benthic diatom kind of table 1 part film
Table 1 (continuing)
The kind of benthic diatom, growth characteristics and the growth stability evaluation on adherance on the table 2 part abalone young adherance
The dominant population of the benthic diatom of table 3 part adherance film after processing constitutes situation
Table 3 (continuing)
Table 4 part adherance film handle through 2 times and carry out hot housing after benthic diatom growth change situation
Table 4 (continuing)
Table 5: the superiority-inferiority of several kinds of benthic diatom cultural methods relatively
| This law | Tradition extensive style method | Purebred inoculation method | |
| Time (my god) | 15～30 days | 7～60 days | 45～180 days |
| Cultivate the treatment process of water | Filter or remove chlorine disinfectant | Filter | Remove chlorine disinfectant |
| Alga cells density (* 10 3/cm 2) | 400～700 | 10～200 | 10～700 |
| Avette algae purity | More than 98% | 20～80％ | More than 99% |
| The success ratio of algae culture | ≥95％ | ≥80％ | ≤50％ |
Claims (9)
1. nutrient solution that is used to train for a certain area Bao Youti bait such as avette algae, by weight, comprising:
NaNO
350-80 part; NaH
2PO
4H
2O 0.3-1 part;
FeC
6H
5O
75H
2O 1-2 part; Na
2SiO
39H
2O 3-5 part; And
Diatom nutritive element 2-4 part.
2. the nutrient solution that is used to train for a certain area Bao Youti bait such as avette algae as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described diatom nutritive element comprises vitamin complex and ooze extracting solution.
3. the nutrient solution that is used to train for a certain area Bao Youti bait such as avette algae as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: described vitamin complex is by weight comprising:
Cobalamin 0.5-1 part, VITMAIN B1 100-200 part,
Vitamin H 0.5-1 part and folic acid 0.0002-0.0005 part.
4. the nutrient solution that is used to train for a certain area Bao Youti bait such as avette algae as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: add 100000 parts in water after the VITAMINs of this proportioning mixes and be made into the use of vitamin complex mother liquor.
5. the nutrient solution that is used to train for a certain area Bao Youti bait such as avette algae as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that:
In the said diatom nutritive element, vitamin complex mother liquor and ooze extract ratio of mixture do, by volume 1: 1-1: 4.
6. the nutrient solution that is used to train for a certain area Bao Youti bait such as avette algae as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: in the compound said diatom nutritive element, vitamin complex mother liquor and ooze extract ratio of mixture do, by volume 1: 1.5-1: 2.5.
7. like claim 2 or the 5 described nutrient solutions that are used to train for a certain area Bao Youti bait such as avette algae, it is characterized in that:
Described ooze extracting solution is obtained by following method:
(1) choose ooze in the coastal beach, remove foreign material such as twig and finger stone wherein, calculate with volume ratio, 1 part of mud adds 1.5-3 part water and stirs, and leaves standstill, treat coarse sand, gravelstone sinking after, get upper strata mud;
(2) per 1000 milliliters of mud add NaOH 0.5-2 gram, constantly stir, and boil after 20-30 minute and leave standstill, and draw supernatant and use.
8. the nutrient solution that is used to train for a certain area Bao Youti bait such as avette algae as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: in the said step (2), after the sucking-off of ooze extract, except that using the same day, again through boiling 1-2 time, preserve subsequent use in the big flask of packing into.
9. Bao Youti bait methods such as the avette algae of post-directed training is characterized in that: used like claim 1 or 5 described nutrient solutions.
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| CN103004662A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-03 | 浙江省淡水水产研究所 | Method for cultivating loach water flower seedlings by using fresh water benthic diatoms |
| CN103408337A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-11-27 | 大连海洋大学 | Nutrition formula used for promoting rapid growth of benthic nitzschia |
| CN103518659A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-01-22 | 广东海洋大学 | Seedling device and method for preventing mass mortality of larval haliotis diversicolor |
| CN105039166A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-11-11 | 天津海友佳音生物科技股份有限公司 | Culture solution for promoting growth of navicula tenera in open pond and culture method |
| CN105130119A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-09 | 天津海友佳音生物科技股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating navicula tenera to control gymnodinium catenatum explosion in grouper fry growing pond |
| CN105475195A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-04-13 | 临沂大学 | Method for harmlessly cultivating haliotis diversicolor supertexta juvenile mollusk through waste gasoline drum |
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2011
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103004662A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-03 | 浙江省淡水水产研究所 | Method for cultivating loach water flower seedlings by using fresh water benthic diatoms |
| CN103004662B (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-04-09 | 浙江省淡水水产研究所 | Method for cultivating loach water flower seedlings by using fresh water benthic diatoms |
| CN103408337A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-11-27 | 大连海洋大学 | Nutrition formula used for promoting rapid growth of benthic nitzschia |
| CN103408337B (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-06-03 | 大连海洋大学 | Nutrition formula used for promoting rapid growth of benthic nitzschia |
| CN103518659A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-01-22 | 广东海洋大学 | Seedling device and method for preventing mass mortality of larval haliotis diversicolor |
| CN103518659B (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-03-25 | 广东海洋大学 | Seedling device and method for preventing mass mortality of larval haliotis diversicolor |
| CN105039166A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-11-11 | 天津海友佳音生物科技股份有限公司 | Culture solution for promoting growth of navicula tenera in open pond and culture method |
| CN105130119A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-09 | 天津海友佳音生物科技股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating navicula tenera to control gymnodinium catenatum explosion in grouper fry growing pond |
| CN105475195A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-04-13 | 临沂大学 | Method for harmlessly cultivating haliotis diversicolor supertexta juvenile mollusk through waste gasoline drum |
| CN105475195B (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2018-09-21 | 临沂大学 | A method of with the nuisanceless culture haliotis diversicolor Reeve juvenile mollusk of waste gasoline bucket |
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