CN102614592B - Transient electromagnetic field excitation system for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in medical field - Google Patents
Transient electromagnetic field excitation system for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in medical field Download PDFInfo
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- CN102614592B CN102614592B CN201210107994.8A CN201210107994A CN102614592B CN 102614592 B CN102614592 B CN 102614592B CN 201210107994 A CN201210107994 A CN 201210107994A CN 102614592 B CN102614592 B CN 102614592B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a medical instrument and discloses a transient electromagnetic field excitation system for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the medical field, which aims at overcoming the defect that an excitation system in the prior art is large in drive current, large in pulse width, difficult in achieving a hardware circuit of the excitation system and large in hidden safety dangers. The technical scheme is that the transient electromagnetic field excitation system for TMS in the medical field comprises a power supply device, an excitation coil, a charging circuit, a discharging circuit and a control device. The power supply device is connected with the charging circuit and supplies charging current for the charging circuit. The discharging circuit is connected with the excitation coil and supplies a discharge path for the excitation coil. The control device is used for controlling startup and shutdown of the charging circuit and the discharging circuit. The transient electromagnetic field excitation system for TMS in the medical field is characterized by generating a transient electromagnetic field meeting requirements around the excitation coil by increasing current change rate to reduce magnitude of current. The technical scheme of the transient electromagnetic field excitation system for TMS in the medical field is used in the TMS excitation system, is capable of reducing complexity level of system structure, and improves system safety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of medical instrument, particularly a kind of electromagnetic field transcranial magnetic stimulation (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, TMS) technology utilizing transient electromagnetic field to carry out nerve stimulation.
Background technology
Transient electromagnetic field is a kind of electromagnetic field of change, its application at industrial circle widely, as metal detection and mineral resources detection etc.They utilize the instantaneous variation of electric current in excitation coil to produce pulse electromagnetic wave (to be called an electromagnetic field, or primary field), under the excitation of an electromagnetic field, testee is inner will produce time dependent faradic current due to electromagnetic induction, this faradic current again around space excite secondary electromagnetic field (or secondary field), this secondary electromagnetic field is relevant with parameter to the internal structure state of the metallic conductor be detected.Utilize secondary electromagnetic field induction coil to receive this secondary electromagnetic field, analyze and study the variation relation of itself and time, just can carry out quantitatively and qualitative evaluation the current state of target.
Transient electromagnetic field is that one is called transcranial magnetic stimulation (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, abbreviation: technology TMS) at the typical apply of medical domain.TMS is a kind of electrodeless stimulation form, and it utilizes excitation coil to produce time-varying magnetic field to induce electric current in targeted tissue, reaches and stimulate excitable tissue's object.When electric current flows through TMS excitation coil, will produce time-varying magnetic field around it, this powerful and fast-changing magnetic field can penetrate the tissue such as human body skin and skull and have an effect.
Time-varying magnetic field can excite nerve and first to be found when within 1896, observing mangneto phosphere by D ' Arsonval, after this for a long time in, Neural stem cell research is only limitted to mangneto flash of light.Brickford etc. the complete rabbit of nineteen sixty-five Neural stem cell, Rana nigromaculata and people time observe skeletal muscle and twitch, but owing to not having clear and definite application purpose, further work is not carried out.1985, Barker etc. use a small and exquisite magnetic coil under the pulse current lower than 0.3Hz drives, almost painless, non-invasively stimulated healthy Cerebral cortex, observe hand muscle to twitch, motor cortex Evoked ptential (MEPs) is recorded at abductor of fifth finger with surface electrode, and attend in London the 11st brain electricity and clinical nervous physiology conference are shown to representing all over the world, challenging result causes great sensation, transcranial magnetic stimulation (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, TMS) is called after this method.Amassian in 1987 etc., nineteen ninety Cohen etc. cause different finger movement with the stimulating coil that experiment demonstrates different directions placement to corticocerebral effect respectively.
Above-mentioned application electromagnetic field excitation system adopts heavy current pulse to drive usually, to obtain the transient electromagnetic field of needs.In order to obtain enough electromagnetic field intensities, excitation system drive current is large, pulse width is large, and excitation system hardware circuit realizes difficulty, and the application security that there is very large potential safety hazard, a particularly medical domain very important major issue especially.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention, is just to provide a kind of transient electromagnetic field excitation system for medical domain TMS, overcomes the shortcoming of prior art, improves the safety of system.
The present invention solve the technical problem, the technical scheme adopted is, for the transient electromagnetic field excitation system of medical domain TMS, comprise supply unit, excitation coil, charging circuit, discharge circuit and control device, described supply unit is connected with described charging circuit, for described charging circuit provides charging current, described discharge circuit is connected with described excitation coil, for described excitation coil provides discharge path, described control device is for controlling opening and shutoff of charging circuit and discharge circuit, it is characterized in that, current amplitude is reduced by improving current changing rate, satisfactory transient electromagnetic field is produced around excitation coil.
Technical scheme of the present invention, by the adjustment of circuit parameter, makes the exciting current rate of change (di/dt) of excitation coil be improved, thus can reduce current amplitude, and around excitation coil, produce satisfactory transient electromagnetic field.Because the excitation current of excitation coil changes quickly (namely rate of change is high), the current amplitude flow through in excitation coil can reduce many, and the transient electromagnetic field that this exciting current produces is to the stimulation of nervous tissue, the effect of stimulation produced with big current broad pulse exciting current is substantially identical.The reduction of exciting current amplitude, can reduce system structure complexity, improves security of system.According to result of the test, the reduction of current amplitude, to the minimizing of neural stimulation, can be compensated by improving current changing rate, and produce substantially identical effect of stimulation.
Further, current changing rate is improved by adjustment charging circuit parameter and/or discharge circuit parameter.
Concrete, described charging circuit parameter is charging voltage and charging interval, and described discharge circuit parameter is discharge circuit resistance, excitation coil inductance and discharge time.
Further, by increasing inductance, electric capacity or resistance adjustment described charging interval and discharge time.
Preferably, described charging circuit comprises the charge switch of connecting with excitation coil, and described discharge circuit comprises and is connected in parallel on the discharge diode at excitation coil two ends and the series circuit of discharge resistance.
Concrete, described charge switch adopts semiconductor switch device, and described semiconductor switch device controls pole and is connected with described control device.
Further, described excitation coil two ends are parallel with peak absorbing circuit, and the spike produced when discharging for suppressing excitation coil is on the impact of circuit.
Concrete, described peak absorbing circuit is made up of the absorption resistance of connecting, Absorption Capacitance and blocking diode, and described Absorption Capacitance two ends are parallel with bypass resistance.
Preferably, described charging circuit comprises charging capacitor and charge switch, wherein charging capacitor is parallel with fly-wheel diode, described discharge circuit comprises discharge switch and discharge resistance, described supply unit is connected with described charging capacitor by charge switch, and described charging capacitor is connected with described excitation coil with discharge resistance by discharge switch.
Concrete, described charge switch and discharge switch adopt semiconductor switch device, and described semiconductor switch device controls pole and is connected with described control device.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, utilize this characteristic of Rapid Variable Design of electric current, less exciting current is adopted to produce the electromagnetic field met the demands, identical faradize is obtained in nervous tissue, not only overcome the shortcoming of big current broad pulse circuit realiration difficulty, and improve the safety of system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is the exciting current waveform schematic diagram of embodiment 1;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of embodiment 2;
Fig. 5 is the exciting current waveform schematic diagram of embodiment 2;
Fig. 6 a is broad pulse big current oscillogram;
Fig. 6 b is the induced current density analogous diagram that broad pulse big current excites in human head's three layers of ball membrane modle;
Fig. 7 a is burst pulse small area analysis oscillogram;
Fig. 7 b is the induced current density analogous diagram that burst pulse small area analysis excites in human head's three layers of ball membrane modle.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, describe technical scheme of the present invention in detail.
The present invention has abandoned the big current broad pulse incentive program that conventional art adopts usually, then the exciting current using small area analysis burst pulse as excitation coil.Burst pulse exciting current means the increase of the rate of change of exciting current, according to the ultimate principle of electromagnetic induction, and the magnetic field that variable-current changes, the galvanism that variation magnetic field excites in nervous tissue and the positive correlation of excitation coil current changing rate.The present invention make use of this principle just, and the pulse current large with rate of change, amplitude is little replaces the pulse current that rate of change is little, amplitude is large, reaches identical effect of stimulation.
The present invention is used for the transient electromagnetic field excitation system structure of medical domain TMS as shown in Figure 1, comprises supply unit 1, control device 2, excitation coil 3, charging circuit 4 and discharge circuit 5.Supply unit 1 can adopt the mature technologies such as Switching Power Supply, mains is converted to the unidirectional current needed for system works, as the direct current supply of control device, the exciting current etc. of excitation coil 3.Supply unit 1 is connected with excitation coil 3 by charging circuit 4, for excitation coil 3 provides charging current.Discharge circuit 5 is connected with excitation coil 3, for excitation coil 3 provides discharge path.The core of control device 2 can adopt the formations such as single-chip microcomputer, DSP (digital signal processor), FPGA (programmable gate array), for controlling the break-make of charging circuit and discharge circuit, coordinate the adjustment of circuit parameter, the object reducing current amplitude is arrived with the raising of current changing rate, around excitation coil, produce satisfactory transient electromagnetic field, suitable stimulation is produced to nervous tissue.
Excitation current due to excitation coil 3 is the short duration current that rate of change is large, current amplitude can reduce many, and electric current nervous tissue being produced to stimulation that this short duration current is excited by excitation coil 3, substantially identical with big current broad pulse exciting current effect.Due to the reduction of exciting current amplitude, system structure complexity can be reduced.In the present invention, the effect of supply unit 1 is for excitation coil provides exciting current.The effect of control device 2 controls opening and shutoff of charging circuit and discharge circuit, produces exciting current pulse in excitation coil 3.The Rapid Variable Design of electric current in excitation coil 3, the electromagnetic field of generation is also fast-changing, the rate of change positive correlation of the size of current that this electromagnetic field is responded in nervous tissue and exciting current.
The present invention, in order to reduce the amplitude of exciting current, simplied system structure and raising safety, adopts burst pulse exciting current to drive excitation coil.It is emphasized that the rising edge of excitation coil electric current or the Rapid Variable Design of trailing edge, by the adjustment to circuit parameter (R, L, C), as increased the elements such as other inductance, electric capacity or resistance, change the time constant of charging circuit and discharge circuit, adjustment charging interval and discharge time, improve the rate of change of electric current, to realize under very low peak excitation electric current drives, be met the transient electromagnetic field that TMS application requires, in target area, reach enough variation rate of magnetic flux.Below by 2 embodiments, transient electromagnetic field excitation system of the present invention is described.It should be noted that, the following examples are only for illustration of the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the following examples should not be construed as limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
This routine transient electromagnetic field excitation system structure as shown in Figure 2, this routine supply unit is DC source VDC, its output voltage can be regulated by control device (not shown in figure 1), charging voltage is changed and then controls excitation coil L exciting current amplitude.In Fig. 2, semiconductor switch device K forms this routine charge switch, and the control pole P of semiconductor switch device K is connected with control device, can control the discharge and recharge time (frequency) of excitation coil L, regulates the exciting current amplitude of excitation coil L.In Fig. 2, resistance R4, diode D3 and electric capacity C2 form the absorbing circuit of semiconductor switch device K.Discharge resistance R1 is connected in parallel on the two ends of excitation coil L after connecting with discharge diode D1, form the discharge circuit of excitation coil L.By discharge circuit parameters such as the resistance of adjustment discharge resistance R1 and/or the inductance of excitation coil L, the exciting current rate of change of excitation coil L can be controlled.These routine excitation coil L two ends are also parallel with the peak absorbing circuit that blocking diode D2, Absorption Capacitance C1, absorption resistance R2 and bypass resistance R3 are formed; the high-voltage pulse spike produced when can not only effectively suppress excitation coil L to discharge; reach the object of protection system, but also the order Oscillating formed when excitation coil L can be avoided to discharge.In Fig. 2, in parallel with excitation coil L after blocking diode D2, Absorption Capacitance C1 and absorption resistance R2 series connection, bypass resistance R3 is connected in parallel on Absorption Capacitance C1 two ends, forms its discharge loop.
This routine circuit working principle is: when semiconductor switch device K conducting, excitation coil L starts energy storage, and due to the reverse blocking effect of discharge diode D1, discharge circuit is inoperative; When semiconductor switch device K disconnects, the energy storage of excitation coil L is discharged by discharge resistance R1 and discharge diode D1, and now excitation coil L electric current is rapidly reduced to 0, thus outside radiated electromagnetic wave.This routine semiconductor switch device K is high speed and high pressure semiconductor switch device, by the repid discharge of the control realization excitation coil L of control device, this routine circuit has various ways to regulate the current amplitude of excitation coil L, such as by regulating VDC output voltage size, or regulate the control signal of charge switch K, or the two mixes adjustment, the current amplitude of equal scalable L.
This routine circuit activation current waveform as shown in Figure 3, t1 is the excitation coil L charging interval, t2 is excitation coil L discharge time, this example mainly utilizes the repid discharge of excitation coil L to generate electromagnetic waves, and utilizes high-speed semiconductor device to realize inductance repid discharge, to reach under small area analysis state, obtain the current changing rate meeting application request, under the condition meeting the working cycle, core parameter is inductive current t2 fall time, can be adjusted by discharge resistance R1.
This circuit major functions and features: the size regulating discharge resistance R1, can adjust the rate of change of electric current during L electric discharge, namely adjust the size of t2; Regulate charging voltage, the i.e. size of DC source VDC output voltage, the amplitude of exciting current can be changed; Control semiconductor switch device K make-and-break time, also can regulate the amplitude of exciting current.This routine circuit can reduce current amplitude by improving current changing rate, around excitation coil L, produce satisfactory transient electromagnetic field.
Embodiment 2
This routine transient electromagnetic field excitation system, utilize the electric discharge of electric capacity to encourage excitation coil, its circuit structure as shown in Figure 4.This routine charging circuit comprises current-limiting resistance R0, charging capacitor C and charge switch K1, and discharge circuit comprises discharge switch K2, excitation coil L and discharge resistance R.Supply unit VDC is connected with charging capacitor C by charge switch K1, by the output voltage of control supply unit VDC and/or the ON time of charge switch K1, can control the voltage of charging capacitor C.In Fig. 4, charging capacitor C is connected with excitation coil L by discharge switch K2, and discharge switch K2 and discharge resistance R connects with excitation coil L.This routine charge switch K1 and discharge switch K2 all adopts semiconductor switch device, and two semiconductor switch devices control pole P1 with P2 and are connected with control device (not shown in Fig. 4), can control the charge and discharge of this routine transient electromagnetic field excitation system.In order to suppress spike on the impact of circuit, this example two semiconductor switch devices K1, K2 are all parallel with the identical absorbing circuit of structure.The absorbing circuit of absorption resistance R1, Absorption Capacitance C1, reverse blocking diode pipe D1 formation semiconductor switch device K1 in Fig. 4, absorption resistance R2, Absorption Capacitance C2, reverse blocking diode pipe D2 form the absorbing circuit of semiconductor switch device K2, resistance R is the discharge resistance of excitation coil L, resistance R0 is charging current limiter resistance, and diode D is fly-wheel diode.
This routine circuit working principle is: when semiconductor switch device K1 conducting, K2 disconnect, charging capacitor C is in energy storage state; When semiconductor switch device K1 disconnection, K2 conducting, the energy storage of charging capacitor C is discharged by excitation coil L and discharge resistance R, the now electric current Rapid Variable Design of excitation coil L, thus outside radiated electromagnetic wave.This routine circuit by regulating the control signal of semiconductor switch device K1, can reach the size regulating the upper voltage magnitude of charging capacitor C, thus the adjustment of current amplitude on excitation coil L when realizing discharging.Charging capacitor C reverse parallel connection sustained diode (employing fast recovery diode), can avoid producing order Oscillating during electric discharge.This routine circuit has various ways to regulate the current amplitude of excitation coil L, such as by regulating DC source VDC output voltage size, or regulate the control signal of charge switch K1, or the two mixing regulates, and all can control the exciting current amplitude of excitation coil L.
Figure 5 shows that this routine exciting current waveform, excitation coil L electric current fast rise time when t1 is charging capacitor C electric discharge, excitation coil L downslope time when t2 is charging capacitor C electric discharge.If the rising of excitation coil L current spikes generates electromagnetic waves, to obtain the exciting current rate of change meeting application request when this routine main circuit utilizes storage capacitor C to discharge.Under the condition meeting working cycle work, this routine circuit core parameter is excitation coil L t1 current rise time.
This circuit major functions and features: the size regulating discharge resistance R and excitation coil L inductance, can adjust the rate of change of electric current when charging capacitor C discharges, namely adjust the size of t1, to realize the Rapid Variable Design of exciting current; Regulate the size of DC source VDC output voltage, or regulate the control signal of charging control switch K1, the amplitude of electric current when charging capacitor C discharges can be changed; Regulate the size of discharge capacity R, the exciting current amplitude of excitation coil L can be adjusted.This routine circuit also by above-mentioned adjustment, can realize improving current changing rate and reduces current amplitude, produce the object of satisfactory transient electromagnetic field around excitation coil L.
Above-mentioned 2 embodiments, by increasing other inductance, electric capacity or resistance in charging circuit and discharge circuit, can change the time constant of circuit, adjustment charging interval and discharge time.
Provide the simulation result of two kinds of different pulse widths and current amplitude below.
Fig. 6 a shows amplitude 320A, the exciting current waveform of pulse width 420 μ s, and Fig. 6 b is when using this electric current of magnetic field simulation software Ansys simulation by excitation coil, the induced current density analogous diagram excited in human head's three layers of ball membrane modle.Fig. 7 a shows amplitude 3.2A, the exciting current waveform of pulse width 56 μ s, and Fig. 7 b is when using this electric current same of magnetic field simulation software Ansys simulation by excitation coil, the induced current density analogous diagram excited in human head's three layers of ball membrane modle.Can find out, amplitude 320A, when the exciting current of pulse width 420 μ s is by excitation coil, the induced current density excited in human head's three layers of ball membrane modle, with amplitude 3.2A, when the exciting current of pulse width 56 μ s is by excitation coil, the induced current density excited in human head's three layers of ball membrane modle is more or less the same.Exciting current amplitude decreases 100 times, and pulse width decreases 7.5 times, and the induced current density excited in human head's three layers of ball membrane modle is more or less the same.That is, current amplitude can be reduced by improving current changing rate, around excitation coil, producing identical, satisfactory transient electromagnetic field.The burst pulse of small area analysis can replace the broad pulse of big current to produce identical stimulation.
Claims (10)
1. for the transient electromagnetic field excitation system of medical domain TMS, comprise supply unit, excitation coil, charging circuit, discharge circuit and control device, described supply unit is connected with described charging circuit, for described charging circuit provides charging current, described discharge circuit is connected with described excitation coil, for described excitation coil provides discharge path, described control device is for controlling opening and shutoff of charging circuit and discharge circuit, it is characterized in that, by control device to discharge current fast shut-off, to improve the pace of change of electric current trailing edge, thus reduce the exciting current amplitude caused required for TMS stimulation, the transient electromagnetic field meeting TMS application and require is produced around excitation coil.
2. the transient electromagnetic field excitation system for medical domain TMS according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is improved the pace of change of electric current trailing edge by adjustment charging circuit parameter and/or discharge circuit parameter.
3. the transient electromagnetic field excitation system for medical domain TMS according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described charging circuit parameter is charging voltage and charging interval, and described discharge circuit parameter is discharge circuit resistance, excitation coil inductance and discharge time.
4. the transient electromagnetic field excitation system for medical domain TMS according to claim 3, is characterized in that, by increasing inductance, electric capacity or resistance adjustment described charging interval and discharge time.
5. the transient electromagnetic field excitation system for medical domain TMS according to Claims 1 to 4 any one, it is characterized in that, described charging circuit comprises the charge switch of connecting with excitation coil, described discharge circuit comprises discharge diode and discharge resistance, and described discharge diode is connected in parallel on excitation coil two ends after connecting with discharge resistance.
6. the transient electromagnetic field excitation system for medical domain TMS according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described charge switch adopts semiconductor switch device, and described semiconductor switch device controls pole and is connected with described control device.
7. the transient electromagnetic field excitation system for medical domain TMS according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described excitation coil two ends are parallel with peak absorbing circuit, and the spike produced when discharging for suppressing excitation coil is on the impact of circuit.
8. the transient electromagnetic field excitation system for medical domain TMS according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described peak absorbing circuit is made up of the absorption resistance of connecting, Absorption Capacitance and blocking diode, and described Absorption Capacitance two ends are parallel with bypass resistance.
9. the transient electromagnetic field excitation system for medical domain TMS according to Claims 1 to 4 any one, it is characterized in that, described charging circuit comprises charging capacitor and charge switch, wherein charging capacitor is parallel with fly-wheel diode, described discharge circuit comprises discharge switch and discharge resistance, described supply unit is connected with described charging capacitor by charge switch, and described charging capacitor is connected with described excitation coil with discharge resistance by discharge switch.
10. the transient electromagnetic field excitation system for medical domain TMS according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described charge switch and discharge switch adopt semiconductor switch device, and described semiconductor switch device controls pole and is connected with described control device.
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| US10002699B2 (en) | 2013-04-25 | 2018-06-19 | Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd. | Electromagnetic coil driving control device |
| CN106075730B (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2018-06-12 | 成都信息工程大学 | It is a kind of to join the electromagnetic excitation method for realizing time-scale extension with multiple activation source level |
| CN108112105A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-06-01 | 陈定 | The parallel oscillation inductive heating circuit of constant pressure source power supply |
| CN109193966B (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-05-19 | 华中科技大学 | Magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission device of micro-fluidic chip |
| CN111991698A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-11-27 | 成都信息工程大学 | Novel bipolar electromagnetic excitation system |
| WO2024001875A1 (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2024-01-04 | 上海微创惟美医疗科技(集团)有限公司 | Magnetic-pulse treatment device and detection method thereof |
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| US7744523B2 (en) * | 2007-06-07 | 2010-06-29 | Emory University | Drive circuit for magnetic stimulation |
| CN101234233A (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2008-08-06 | 武汉依瑞德医疗设备新技术有限公司 | Transcranial magnetic field stimulator stimulus strength modulating method and device therefor |
| CN101640097B (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2011-08-17 | 北京市燕山工业燃气设备有限公司 | Electromagnetic coil circuit |
| JP5627264B2 (en) * | 2010-03-27 | 2014-11-19 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Power supply device for vehicle and vehicle equipped with this power supply device |
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