CN107929938B - Transcranial electromagnetic synchronous stimulation system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a transcranial electromagnetic synchronous stimulation system. The system comprises a hardware control unit, a transcranial magnetic stimulation unit and a transcranial direct current stimulation unit. The hardware control unit respectively controls the transcranial magnetic stimulation unit and the transcranial direct current stimulation unit through a bus control mode. The transcranial electromagnetic synchronous stimulation system respectively controls the transcranial magnetic stimulation unit and the transcranial direct current stimulation unit through the hardware control unit, realizes synchronous implementation of tDCS and rTMS, improves or reduces excitability by aiming at certain areas through direct current stimulation persistence, simultaneously superposes the pulsed magnetic field of the rTMS to adjust excitability, further amplifies the adjusting effect, and achieves the purpose of strengthening or weakening functional connection of a brain network, thereby improving the nerve function.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medicine, in particular to a transcranial electromagnetic synchronous stimulation system.
Background
TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) is a Magnetic Stimulation technique that uses a pulsed Magnetic field to act on the central nervous system (mainly the brain) to change the membrane potential of cortical nerve cells, so that induced current is generated, and the intracerebral metabolism and neuroelectrical activity are affected, thereby causing a series of physiological and biochemical reactions.
The TMS device comprises two main parts, a capacitor and an inductor (a coil that generates a time-varying magnetic field). The main principle is a Faraday electromagnetic induction theory, a capacitor stores a large amount of charges and discharges in a very short time, pulse current can generate a magnetic field when passing through an induction coil of an inductor, and the magnetic field can pass through tissues such as scalp, skull, cerebrospinal fluid and the like without attenuation to generate reverse induced current in nerve tissues (as shown in figure 1). The induced current depolarizes or supercedes the nerve cells of the cerebral cortex, thereby changing the excitability of the nerve cells, when reaching an action potential threshold value, an action potential can be generated, and further the electrophysiological and functional changes can be caused, which can finally cause the excitation or inhibition of transient brain functions and can also cause the change of the plasticity of the cortex during growth.
Repeated transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) refers to a string of Magnetic stimuli that acts on a certain area of the cerebral cortex at a certain frequency and intensity, and acts on the cerebral cortex through a time-varying Magnetic field to generate an induced current so as to change the excitability of the cerebral cortex (including the Stimulation site and other brain areas functionally connected to the Stimulation site). The regulation of cortical excitability by rTMS is related to the stimulation frequency, low frequency rTMS (less than or equal to 1Hz) can reduce cortical excitability, whereas high frequency rTMS (more than or equal to 5Hz) can increase cortical excitability (as shown in fig. 2).
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive technique that uses a constant, low-intensity Direct Current (0.5-3 mA) to modulate the activity of cortical neurons in the brain.
the tDCS device is provided with two different electrodes and a power supply device thereof, and is additionally provided with a control software for setting the output of the stimulation type. The stimulation modes include 3 types, namely positive stimulation, negative stimulation and pseudo stimulation. Positive stimulation generally enhances the excitability of the neurons at the stimulation site, while negative stimulation reduces the excitability of the neurons at the stimulation site. Pseudo-stimuli are mostly used as a control stimulus. In general, the immediate effect of positive and negative stimulation on the scalp is a polarity-dependent excitatory change, the positive stimulation increases the excitability of local cortical neurons (increases the firing rate of neurons and their responsiveness to synaptic inputs), and the negative stimulation decreases the excitability of local cortical neurons by affecting the resting membrane potential of neurons. Neurons respond to static electric fields (direct current) by a change in firing frequency. Thus, when the positive pole of tDCS is close to the neuron soma or dendrite, the neuron spontaneous firing increases, while the neuron firing decreases when the electric field direction is reversed.
The rTMS and tDCS technology has certain curative effect on patients with brain function diseases, and can improve the nerve behavior function.
However, because of the different mechanisms of action of rTMS and tDCS, treatments are currently performed with rTMS alone or tDCS alone.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a transcranial electromagnetic synchronous stimulation system, which respectively controls a transcranial magnetic stimulation unit and a transcranial direct current stimulation unit through a hardware control unit, so that synchronous implementation of tDCS and rTMS is realized, the direct current stimulation persistence aims at certain areas to improve or reduce the excitability, meanwhile, the impulse magnetic field of the rTMS is superposed to adjust the excitability, the adjusting effect is further amplified, and the purpose of strengthening or weakening the functional connection of a brain network is achieved, so that the nerve function is improved.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
a transcranial electromagnetic synchronous stimulation system, the system comprising: the device comprises a hardware control unit, a transcranial magnetic stimulation unit and a transcranial direct current stimulation unit;
the hardware control unit respectively controls the transcranial magnetic stimulation unit and the transcranial direct current stimulation unit through a bus control mode.
Optionally, the transcranial magnetic stimulation unit comprises: the device comprises an array transcranial magnetic stimulation coil, an n-channel high-frequency high-voltage transcranial magnetic stimulation power supply and a charge-discharge control subunit.
Optionally, the array transcranial magnetic stimulation coil is composed of n small coils, and the n small coils cover the human brain cortex, wherein the current direction and intensity of each small coil can be changed independently;
the charge-discharge control subunit is used for controlling the n-channel high-frequency high-voltage transcranial magnetic stimulation power supply to charge and discharge the array transcranial magnetic stimulation coil so as to carry out two-point focusing stimulation with the minimum distance of 5cm and the stimulation depth of 2-3 cm;
the n-channel high-frequency high-voltage transcranial magnetic stimulation power supply is an inverter high-frequency transformer.
Optionally, n is 2 or n is 8.
Optionally, the transcranial direct current stimulation unit comprises: an m-channel transcranial direct current stimulator and an upper microcomputer;
the m-channel transcranial direct current stimulator comprises 1 host and m/2 extension sets;
the host is connected with each extension through a bus;
each extension comprises an extension microprocessor and 2 groups of independent channels;
the host comprises a host microprocessor, the host microprocessor is communicated with the upper microcomputer to acquire control parameters of each channel determined by the upper microcomputer and send the control parameters of each channel to the corresponding extension set;
and after any one of the extension sets receives the control parameters sent by the host, the output polarity, the current magnitude and the time of each channel of the extension set are independently adjusted according to the received control parameters.
Optionally, the upper microcomputer determines an electric field and energy field distribution rule generated in the real head model in a preset stimulation mode by changing current intensity and time based on the real head finite element model and the m-channel transcranial direct current stimulation model;
the upper microcomputer determines control parameters of each channel according to the rule;
wherein, the establishment of the real head finite element model comprises the following steps:
acquiring a real head model;
meshing the head die to form a primary mesh chart;
and adjusting the preliminary grid graph based on the maximum internal angle and the high-base-ratio histogram of each grid until the optimal grid number and composition are obtained, and forming a real head finite element model.
Alternatively, m is 8.
Optionally, the hardware control unit controls the transcranial magnetic stimulation unit and the transcranial direct current stimulation unit respectively in a mode of adjusting parameters and instructions through a bus control mode.
Optionally, the hardware control unit controls the transcranial direct current stimulation unit to perform continuous direct current stimulation on a first preset region in a mode of adjusting parameters and instructions through a bus control mode, and controls the transcranial magnetic stimulation unit to perform pulsed magnetic field stimulation on a second preset region.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the transcranial magnetic stimulation unit and the transcranial direct current stimulation unit are respectively controlled by the hardware control unit, synchronous implementation of tDCS and rTMS is achieved, direct current stimulation persistence aims at certain areas to improve or reduce excitability, meanwhile, the impulse magnetic field of the rTMS is superposed to adjust excitability, the adjusting effect is further amplified, the purpose of strengthening or weakening functional connection of a brain network is achieved, and therefore the nerve function is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a faraday electromagnetic induction principle and induced current generated by a neural tissue under TMS magnetic pulses according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an rTMS according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for applying a transcranial electromagnetic synchronous stimulation system provided by the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial architecture of a transcranial electromagnetic synchronous stimulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The rTMS and tDCS technology has certain curative effect on patients with brain function diseases, and can improve the nerve behavior function. However, because of the different mechanisms of action of rTMS and tDCS, treatments are currently performed with rTMS alone or tDCS alone.
Based on the above, the invention provides a transcranial electromagnetic synchronous stimulation system, which respectively controls a transcranial magnetic stimulation unit and a transcranial direct current stimulation unit through a hardware control unit, so that synchronous implementation of tDCS and rTMS is realized, the direct current stimulation persistence aims at certain areas to improve or reduce excitability, meanwhile, the impulse magnetic field of the rTMS is superposed to adjust excitability, the adjustment effect is further amplified, and the purpose of strengthening or weakening functional connection of a brain network is achieved, so that the nerve function is improved.
The invention provides a transcranial electromagnetic synchronous stimulation system, which comprises: a hardware control unit, a transcranial magnetic stimulation unit and a transcranial direct current stimulation unit.
Each unit is described in detail below.
1. Transcranial magnetic stimulation unit
The multi-channel array transcranial magnetic stimulation can be realized through the transcranial magnetic stimulation unit.
A transcranial magnetic stimulation unit comprising: the device comprises an array transcranial magnetic stimulation coil, an n-channel high-frequency high-voltage transcranial magnetic stimulation power supply and a charge-discharge control subunit.
Optionally, n is 2 or more. The following description will be given only by taking an example where n is 8.
When n is 8, the transcranial magnetic stimulation unit comprises: an array transcranial magnetic stimulation coil, an 8-channel high-frequency high-voltage transcranial magnetic stimulation power supply and a charge-discharge control subunit.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
1) the array transcranial magnetic stimulation coil consists of 8 small coils, and the 8 small coils cover the human brain cortex, wherein the current direction and the intensity of each small coil can be independently changed.
The array transcranial magnetic stimulation coil is designed based on target field inversion and finite element method, and is an array transcranial magnetic stimulation coil which is composed of 8 small coils and covers the main cerebral cortex of human body.
By changing the current direction and intensity of each small coil, single stimulation, simultaneous stimulation or alternative magnetic stimulation on specific parts of the human cerebral cortex can be realized.
2) The charge-discharge control subunit is used for controlling the 8-channel high-frequency high-voltage transcranial magnetic stimulation power supply to charge and discharge the array transcranial magnetic stimulation coil so as to carry out two-point focusing stimulation with the minimum distance of 5cm and the stimulation depth of 2-3 cm.
Through the 8-channel high-frequency high-voltage transcranial magnetic stimulation power supply and the charging and discharging control subunit, hard software control of charging and discharging of 8 small coils can be achieved, two-point focusing stimulation is achieved, the minimum distance between two points is expected to be 5cm, and the stimulation depth is expected to be 2-3 cm.
3) The 8-channel high-frequency high-voltage transcranial magnetic stimulation power supply is an inverter high-frequency transformer.
The 8-channel high-frequency high-voltage transcranial magnetic stimulation power supply adopts an inverter high-frequency transformer, so that the weight can be reduced and the volume can be reduced.
2. Transcranial direct current stimulation unit
The multi-channel transcranial direct current stimulation can be realized through the transcranial direct current stimulation unit.
A transcranial direct current stimulation unit comprising: an m-channel transcranial direct current stimulator and an upper microcomputer.
Optionally, m is 8. The following description will be given only by taking m as 8.
When m is 8, the transcranial direct current stimulation unit comprises: 8-channel transcranial direct current stimulator and upper microcomputer.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
1) 8-channel transcranial direct current stimulator
The 8-channel transcranial direct current stimulator comprises 1 main machine and 4(m/2 is 8/2) extension machines.
(1) Main unit
The host is connected with each extension through a bus.
The host includes a host microprocessor.
(2) Extension set
Each extension includes an extension microprocessor and 2 sets of independent channels.
The host microprocessor of the host computer communicates with the upper microcomputer to obtain the control parameters of each channel determined by the upper microcomputer and sends the control parameters of each channel to the corresponding extension set.
After any one of the extensions receives the control parameters sent by the host, the output polarity, the current magnitude and the time of each channel of any one of the extensions are independently adjusted according to the received control parameters.
(2) Upper microcomputer
The upper microcomputer determines the distribution rule of the electric field and the energy field generated in the real head model in a preset stimulation mode by changing the current intensity and time based on the real head finite element model and the 8-channel transcranial direct current stimulation model. And determining control parameters of each channel according to the rule.
Wherein, the real head finite element model is established on the basis of a real head model, and comprises the following steps:
acquiring a real head model;
meshing the head die to form a preliminary mesh chart;
and adjusting the preliminary grid graph based on the maximum internal angle and the high-base-ratio histogram of each grid until the optimal grid number and composition are obtained, and forming a real head finite element model.
The mesh subdivision is the main work in the finite element pretreatment and is also the key step of the whole finite element analysis process.
In practical application, the geometric solid model can be subjected to mesh generation and optimization by adopting 3-matic software developed and authorized by Materialise. And continuously adjusting the preliminary grid graph by taking the maximum internal angle of the grid and the high-base-ratio histogram as parameters until the optimal grid number and composition are obtained. And respectively carrying out mesh subdivision and optimization on each part, and finally establishing a real head finite element model.
Outputting a finite element model file, adding a corresponding 8-channel transcranial direct current stimulation model, applying corresponding current intensity and time, and solving the distribution rule of the electric field and the energy field generated in the real head model under a certain stimulation mode.
On the basis of the model establishment, 8 independent stimulation channels of the 8-channel transcranial direct current stimulator are independently controlled and fully isolated by transmitting parameters through an upper microcomputer, and output polarity, current magnitude and time parameters can be independently adjusted. The 8-channel transcranial direct current stimulation design is formed by splicing a host and an extension, wherein the host is provided with a special microprocessor and is communicated with an upper control microcomputer, and meanwhile, the host is connected with the extension through an internal bus system. Each extension has an independent microprocessor and two independent sets of stimulation channels. By the technology, the defects that the coverage area of the conventional single-channel electrical stimulation is small, the focusing performance is poor, and the complex stimulation cannot be customized are overcome, so that the clinical application of multi-target focusing electrical stimulation becomes possible, and the clinical efficacy of electrical stimulation is improved.
3. Hardware control unit
The hardware control unit respectively controls the transcranial magnetic stimulation unit and the transcranial direct current stimulation unit through a bus control mode.
Specifically, the hardware control unit controls the transcranial magnetic stimulation unit and the transcranial direct current stimulation unit respectively in a parameter and instruction adjusting mode through a bus control mode.
For example, the hardware control unit controls the transcranial direct current stimulation unit to perform continuous direct current stimulation on a first preset area and controls the transcranial magnetic stimulation unit to perform pulsed magnetic field stimulation on a second preset area in a mode of adjusting parameters and instructions through a bus control mode.
The hardware control unit is the key for realizing synchronous implementation of tDCS and rTMS, and the tDCS and the rTMS are integrated through the hardware control unit on the basis of respectively realizing multi-channel array transcranial magnetic stimulation and multi-channel transcranial direct current stimulation.
Specifically, a bus control mode is implemented for transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation, so that the transcranial magnetic stimulation and the transcranial direct current stimulation can be flexibly matched for use.
For example, the parameters and the instruction mode are adjusted to respectively carry out independent and matched operation on the two modes so as to achieve the convenience of use.
The transcranial electromagnetic synchronous stimulation system provided by the invention can set parameters such as intensity, frequency, pulse and duration at one time, accurately adjust and control the magnetic field pulse and current duration stimulation time, realize electric and magnetic synchronous stimulation, and adjust the connection intensity between brain network nodes by using the magnetic stimulation pulse magnetic field while improving or reducing the excitability of the cerebral cortex aiming at certain areas by the continuity of direct current stimulation so as to fulfill the aim of strengthening or weakening the connectivity, thereby improving the nerve function. When the method is accurately adjusted, the time length of the electric stimulation, the ascending and descending mode and the magnetic stimulation time length, the strength, the frequency, the string time, the string interval and the like can be set in units of seconds, and the electric stimulation and the magnetic stimulation are associated to realize synchronous starting.
The transcranial electromagnetic synchronous stimulation system provided by the invention overcomes the problem that the two technologies cannot be compatible.
Because tDCS and rTMS are both electrophysiological techniques for regulating brain functions, but the principle of changing cortical excitability is different, at present, no method for synchronously researching and intervening in brain functional diseases by combining the tDCS and the rTMS is available at home and abroad, and the method is not precedent for combining the tDCS and the rTMS to be made into the same equipment. The stimulation system of the invention can combine two technologies, exert respective advantages, mutually compensate defects and possibly achieve stronger intervention effect. Meanwhile, the stimulation system is suitable for a complex magnetic field environment, the multi-channel transcranial direct current stimulator and the multi-channel transcranial magnetic stimulator are fused in one machine, a hardware control unit is added, a bus control mode is implemented, parameters and an instruction mode are adjusted to carry out independent and matched operation on the multi-channel transcranial direct current stimulator and the multi-channel transcranial magnetic stimulator respectively, parameters such as strength, frequency, pulse and duration are set at one time, electromagnetic stimulation is synchronously carried out, the curative effect is optimized, and the recovery of brain function is promoted. A new means and a new idea of noninvasive nerve treatment are created internationally.
The transcranial electromagnetic synchronous stimulation system provided by the invention can be applied to equipment (such as a tDCS-rTMS all-in-one machine for multi-target space-time matched stimulation) shown in fig. 3, and a feasible implementation architecture of the system is shown in fig. 4.
The tDCS-rTMS all-in-one machine with multi-target space-time matched stimulation can integrate a multi-channel array transcranial magnetic stimulation technology and a multi-channel transcranial direct current stimulation technology on the basis, and the two can be flexibly matched for use through a bus control mode. The method can set parameters such as intensity, frequency, pulse and duration at one time, accurately adjust and control magnetic field pulse and current duration stimulation time, realize electric and magnetic synchronous stimulation, and adjust the connection intensity between brain network nodes by using the magnetic stimulation pulse magnetic field while improving or reducing the excitability of the cerebral cortex aiming at certain areas by the persistence of direct current stimulation so as to fulfill the aim of strengthening or weakening the connectivity.
The transcranial electromagnetic synchronous stimulation system provided by the invention respectively controls the transcranial magnetic stimulation unit and the transcranial direct current stimulation unit through the hardware control unit, realizes synchronous implementation of tDCS and rTMS, improves or reduces excitability by aiming at certain areas through the direct current stimulation persistence, simultaneously superposes the pulsed magnetic field of the rTMS to adjust excitability, further amplifies the adjustment effect, and achieves the purpose of strengthening or weakening functional connection of a brain network, thereby improving the nerve function.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific arrangements and instrumentality described above and shown in the drawings. A detailed description of known methods is omitted herein for the sake of brevity. In the above embodiments, several specific steps are described and shown as examples. However, the method processes of the present invention are not limited to the specific steps described and illustrated, and those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications and additions or change the order between the steps after comprehending the spirit of the present invention.
It should also be noted that the exemplary embodiments mentioned in this patent describe some methods or systems based on a series of steps or devices. However, the present invention is not limited to the order of the above-described steps, that is, the steps may be performed in the order mentioned in the embodiments, may be performed in an order different from the order in the embodiments, or may be performed simultaneously.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A transcranial electromagnetic synchronous stimulation system, the system comprising: the device comprises a hardware control unit, a transcranial magnetic stimulation unit and a transcranial direct current stimulation unit;
the hardware control unit respectively controls the transcranial magnetic stimulation unit and the transcranial direct current stimulation unit in a parameter and instruction adjusting mode through a bus control mode, specifically controls the transcranial direct current stimulation unit to perform continuous direct current stimulation aiming at a first preset area so as to improve or reduce excitability, and controls the transcranial magnetic stimulation unit to perform pulsed magnetic field stimulation aiming at a second preset area so as to adjust excitability and further amplify adjusting effect; the transcranial magnetic stimulation unit and the transcranial direct current stimulation unit both act on the cerebral cortex;
the transcranial magnetic stimulation unit comprises: the device comprises an array transcranial magnetic stimulation coil, an n-channel high-frequency high-voltage transcranial magnetic stimulation power supply and a charge-discharge control subunit; the array transcranial magnetic stimulation coil consists of n small coils, and the n small coils cover the human cerebral cortex, wherein the current direction and the intensity of each small coil can be independently changed; the charge-discharge control subunit is used for controlling the n-channel high-frequency high-voltage transcranial magnetic stimulation power supply to charge and discharge the array transcranial magnetic stimulation coil;
the transcranial direct current stimulation unit comprises: an m-channel transcranial direct current stimulator and an upper microcomputer; the m-channel transcranial direct current stimulator comprises 1 host and m/2 extension sets; the host is connected with each extension through a bus; each extension comprises an extension microprocessor and 2 groups of independent channels; the host comprises a host microprocessor, the host microprocessor is communicated with the upper microcomputer to acquire control parameters of each channel determined by the upper microcomputer and send the control parameters of each channel to the corresponding extension set; after any extension receives the control parameters sent by the host, the output polarity, the current magnitude and the time of each channel of any extension are independently adjusted according to the received control parameters;
the upper microcomputer determines the distribution rule of an electric field and an energy field generated in the real head model in a preset stimulation mode by changing the current intensity and time based on the real head finite element model and the m-channel transcranial direct current stimulation model;
the upper microcomputer determines control parameters of each channel according to the rule;
wherein, the establishment of the real head finite element model comprises the following steps:
acquiring a real head model;
meshing the head die to form a primary mesh chart;
and adjusting the preliminary grid graph based on the maximum internal angle and the high-base-ratio histogram of each grid until the optimal grid number and composition are obtained, and forming a real head finite element model.
2. The system of claim 1,
performing two-point focusing magnetic stimulation with the minimum distance of 5cm and the stimulation depth of 2-3 cm;
the n-channel high-frequency high-voltage transcranial magnetic stimulation power supply is an inverter high-frequency transformer.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein n is 2 or n is 8.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein m is 8.
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| CN109102894B (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2021-09-07 | 中国医学科学院生物医学工程研究所 | Method and device for modeling anisotropic conductivity head model by combining cortex excitability |
| CN110262336B (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2021-02-02 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 | Current output circuit and transcranial electrical stimulation device comprising same |
| CN110354385A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-10-22 | 首都医科大学脑重大疾病研究中心(北京脑重大疾病研究院) | Through the multi-modal electric stimulation therapeutic apparatus of cranium and its application method |
| CN110975153B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2023-09-08 | 中国科学院苏州生物医学工程技术研究所 | Deep brain stimulation configuration method and system, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN115282488B (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2023-09-12 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 | Magnetic stimulation instrument |
| CN114796875B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-27 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 | Electromagnetic stimulation method, device, equipment and readable storage medium |
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