CN102578003B - Alosa sapidissima culture method - Google Patents
Alosa sapidissima culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102578003B CN102578003B CN201110009302.1A CN201110009302A CN102578003B CN 102578003 B CN102578003 B CN 102578003B CN 201110009302 A CN201110009302 A CN 201110009302A CN 102578003 B CN102578003 B CN 102578003B
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- culturing pool
- water
- hilsa herring
- america
- cultural method
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- 241001482107 Alosa sapidissima Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000252203 Clupea harengus Species 0.000 claims description 108
- 241001110084 Hilsa Species 0.000 claims description 108
- 235000019514 herring Nutrition 0.000 claims description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 68
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 12
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000010824 fish disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 10
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 10
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 8
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- CPKVUHPKYQGHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one;molecular iodine Chemical compound II.C=CN1CCCC1=O CPKVUHPKYQGHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001341 Crude steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000153 Povidone-iodine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001621 povidone-iodine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides an Alosa sapidissima culture method, which comprises: culturing Alosa sapidissima seeds in a culture pool of an Alosa sapidissima culture system. The culture system includes a culture pool, a heat-insulation shed erected above the culture pool and a deep well, wherein the heat-insulation shed comprises arch bars and longitudinal pull rods, side upright posts and shed head upright posts, a transparent film capable of being rolled along the length direction of the side upright posts is covered on the side part of the heat-insulation shed; the culture pool is provided with a water inlet and a water discharge port, the water discharge port is located at the bottom of the culture pool and is connected with a drainage system; and a water source of the deep well is used for supplying water for the culture pool by the water inlet. The culture method also comprises: controlling the opening and closing of the transparent film on the side part and/or a flow of the deep well, and splashing a copper sulfate solution to the culture pool, thereby easily controlling temperature and facilitating growth of fish.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture field, particularly, relate to a kind of America hilsa herring cultivating system for the cultivation of America hilsa herring.In addition, the invention still further relates to the cultural method of a kind of America hilsa herring, this cultural method is used described America hilsa herring cultivating system.
Background technology
American shad meat flavour is delicious, nutritious, and in the situation that Chinese hilsa herring is endangered, propagating artificially in China of America hilsa herring has boundless prospect.At present, tens provinces and cities such as Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Hubei, Hunan and Tianjin have all started the large-scale cultivation of America hilsa herring.
America hilsa herring is extremely tender and lovely, the fish body squama of touching net, and optimum is grown in the water body of 15-25 ℃, when water temperature is lower than 10 ℃ or do not ingest and occur death while surpassing 30 ℃.Present a lot of America hilsa herring cultivating system all can not well be controlled the temperature of water body in culturing pool, and it is of common occurrence that Yin Wendu controls the accident that America hilsa herring former thereby that cause is annihilated improperly, to culturist, caused huge economic loss.
Therefore, need a kind of America hilsa herring cultivating system, this cultivating system can overcome the problem that in the hilsa herring cultivating system of existing America, temperature is difficult to regulation and control.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of America hilsa herring cultivating system, this cultivating system can overcome the problem that in the hilsa herring cultivating system of existing America, temperature is difficult to regulation and control.
In addition, the present invention also provides the cultural method of a kind of America hilsa herring, and this cultural method is used described America hilsa herring cultivating system.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of America hilsa herring cultivating system, this cultivating system comprises culturing pool and is erected at the roof insulating of described culturing pool top, this roof insulating comprises arch bar and longitudinal tie, wherein, this cultivating system also comprises deep well, described roof insulating also comprises avris column and canopy head column, described avris column is fixedly connected between the end and ground of described arch bar, described canopy head column is fixedly connected between the end and ground of described longitudinal tie, the top of described roof insulating and end, front and back are coated with fixing transparent membrane, sidepiece is coated with the transparent membrane that can roll along the length direction of described avris column, described culturing pool comprise water inlet and and discharge outlet, discharge outlet is positioned at the bottom of described culturing pool, and is connected with drainage system, the water source of deep well is that culturing pool supplies water by water inlet.
Preferably, described arch bar has protuberance, and this protuberance extends along the axis direction of arch bar, forms the eaves of the sidepiece that is positioned at described roof insulating.
Preferably, on the transparent membrane at the top of described roof insulating, be also coated with Sunshade film.
Preferably, cross section and the longitudinal section of described culturing pool are inverted trapezoidal, and are shaped as rectangle at the bottom of the pond of described culturing pool.
Preferably, described water inlet and described discharge outlet are arranged along the diagonal at the bottom of the pond of described culturing pool.
Preferably, described cultivating system also comprises apparatus of oxygen supply, and this apparatus of oxygen supply is arranged in the bottom of described culturing pool.
Preferably, described apparatus of oxygen supply comprises along the length direction at the bottom of described pond and is arranged in the oxygen increasing tube of the bottom of described culturing pool, and has pore on the sidewall of this oxygen increasing tube.
In addition, the present invention also provides the cultural method of a kind of America hilsa herring, this cultural method is put American shad fry and fingerlings in a suitable place to breed in the culturing pool in described America hilsa herring cultivating system, by controlling the open and close of transparent membrane and/or the flow of the deep water well water in described culturing pool of the sidepiece of described roof insulating, the water temperature of described America hilsa herring cultivating system is controlled in the scope of 13-27 ℃.
Preferably, American shad fry and fingerlings specification is 3-5cm, and breeding density is 2000-3000 tail/mu, and described seed is the successful fry of tame and docile food buoyancy feed.
Preferably, at the mature stage of America hilsa herring, adopt miniflow water to raise method, by controlling the inflow of described water inlet and the drainage discharge of described discharge outlet, the day streamflow of described culturing pool is not less than and raises 1/10 of water body cumulative volume.
The feed of preferably, throwing something and feeding in breeding process is buoyancy feed.
Preferably, when fish length 10cm is following, by weight, in buoyancy feed, the content of protein is 45%, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 1.5%; When fish length 10-20cm, by weight, in buoyancy feed, the content of protein is 44%, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 2.4%; When fish length 20cm is above, by weight, in buoyancy feed, the content of protein is 43%, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 4.8%.
Preferably, the method also comprises: the medicine of using fish disease prevention and cure; And after the feed 1.5-3h that throws something and feeds, fish for residual feed.
Preferably, the medicine of described fish disease prevention and cure is that concentration is the ClO 2 solution of 0.5-2mg/L, the water body 2-3mg that the consumption of chlorine dioxide is every cubic metre.
Preferably, the method also comprises every 10-15 days and in described culturing pool, adds copper sulphate or copper-bath, the water body 30-50mg that the consumption of copper sulphate is every cubic metre.
Pass through technique scheme, because the sidepiece of America provided by the present invention hilsa herring cultivating system is coated with the transparent membrane that can roll along the length direction of avris column, by controlling the open and close of this transparent membrane, can effectively control the speed air flow in roof insulating, to regulate the temperature of cultivating system inside.Meanwhile, the water inlet of described America hilsa herring cultivating system is connected with deep well, can provide deep water well water cool in summer and warm in winter for culturing pool, the water temperature of culturing pool is controlled in the scope of 13-27 ℃, for the cultivation of America hilsa herring provides suitable temperature.Therefore, America provided by the present invention hilsa herring cultivating system can be controlled the temperature of cultivating system inside effectively, has solved the problem that in the hilsa herring cultivating system of existing America, temperature is difficult to regulation and control.
Other features and advantages of the present invention partly in detail are described the embodiment subsequently.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is to be used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and forms a part for specification, is used from explanation the present invention, but is not construed as limiting the invention with embodiment one below.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the roof insulating of America provided by the present invention hilsa herring cultivating system;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the culturing pool of America provided by the present invention hilsa herring cultivating system.
Description of reference numerals
1 roof insulating 2 culturing pools
11 arch bar 12 longitudinal ties
13 avris column 14 canopy head columns
15 protuberance 21 water inlets
22 discharge outlet 23 apparatuss of oxygen supply
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.Should be understood that, embodiment described herein only, for description and interpretation the present invention, is not construed as limiting the invention.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the invention provides a kind of America hilsa herring cultivating system, this cultivating system comprises culturing pool 2 and is erected at the roof insulating 1 of described culturing pool 2 tops, this roof insulating 1 comprises arch bar 11 and longitudinal tie 12, wherein, this cultivating system also comprises deep well, described roof insulating 1 also comprises avris column 13 and canopy head column 14, described avris column 13 is fixedly connected between the end and ground of described arch bar 11, described canopy head column 14 is fixedly connected between the end and ground of described longitudinal tie 12, the top of described roof insulating 1 and end, front and back are coated with fixing transparent membrane, sidepiece is coated with the transparent membrane that can roll along the length direction of described avris column 13, described culturing pool 2 comprise water inlet 21 and with discharge outlet 22, discharge outlet 22 is positioned at the bottom of described culturing pool 2, and is connected with drainage system, the water source of deep well be culturing pool 2 water supply by water inlet 21.
Pass through technique scheme, because the sidepiece of America provided by the present invention hilsa herring cultivating system is coated with the transparent membrane that can roll along the length direction of avris column 13, by controlling the open and close of this transparent membrane, can effectively control the speed air flow in roof insulating, to regulate the temperature of cultivating system inside.Meanwhile, the water inlet 22 of described America hilsa herring cultivating system is connected with deep well, can provide deep water well water cool in summer and warm in winter for culturing pool 2, and water temperature in culturing pool is maintained in the scope of 13-27 ℃, for the cultivation of America hilsa herring provides suitable temperature.Therefore, America provided by the present invention hilsa herring cultivating system can be controlled the temperature of cultivating system inside effectively, has solved the problem that in the hilsa herring cultivating system of existing America, temperature is difficult to regulation and control.
Preferably, described deep water well water is that annual water temperature is 18 ℃, and year the highest water temperature is less than or equal to 3 ℃ with the temperature difference of year minimum water temperature, and the temperature difference of day the highest water temperature and day minimum water temperature is the deep water well water of 1 ℃.
Preferably, described deep water well water is I class or the II class standard that meets GB-T14848-93 < < groundwater quality standard > > regulation; Or the overall merit score value F measuring according to GB-T14848-93 regulation of described deep water well water is less than 2.50.
The connection of described arch bar 11, longitudinal tie 12, avris column 13 and canopy head column 14 can be fixedly connected with for any type of, as welding, bolt connection etc.Preferably, between described arch bar 11 and described avris column 13 and between described longitudinal tie 12 and described canopy head column 14, by welding manner, be connected, the bottom of described avris column 13 fixes on the ground by the mode of pouring concrete.Such connected mode can improve the intensity of described roof insulating 1, extends the service time of described roof insulating 1.
Top and the surrounding of described roof insulating 1 are coated with transparent membrane, can play the effect of insulation.Simultaneously, the sidepiece of described roof insulating 1 is coated with the transparent membrane that can roll along the length direction of described avris column 13, when roof insulating 1 interior excess Temperature, can roll the transparent membrane of sidepiece, accelerate the speed air flow of the inside of described roof insulating 1, reduce the temperature of the inside of roof insulating 1; When temperature in roof insulating 1 is too low, can put down again the transparent membrane of the sidepiece of described roof insulating 1, make described roof insulating 1 form the space of sealing, the internal temperature of rising roof insulating 1.
Described culturing pool 2 comprise water inlet 21 and with discharge outlet 22, described water inlet 21 is connected with deep well water source, can supply subsurface water for described culturing pool 2, described discharge outlet 22 is connected with drainage system, can be by described culturing pools 2 of discharge such as the excretas of the aquaculture water in described culturing pool 2 and America hilsa herring.Described drainage system can be drainage system conventional in aquaculture field, drainage system provided by the present invention adopts pvc pipe sleeve structure, in the outer setting of described culturing pool 2, be useful on the drain ditch of discharge aquaculture water, pvc pipe is connected between described discharge outlet 22 and described drain ditch, when needs draining, as long as pvc pipe middle sleeve is extracted, the aquaculture water in described culturing pool 2 just can flow automatically in drain ditch under the pressure-acting of pool water within.In breeding process, for prevent America hilsa herring or foreign matter (as stone, silt etc.) enter into as described in water inlet 21 and as described in discharge outlet 22 stop up the mouth of pipe, can screen pack be set at described water inlet 21 and described discharge outlet 22 places.
As shown in Figure 1, preferably, described arch bar 11 has protuberance 15, and this protuberance 15 extends along the axis direction of arch bar, forms the eaves of the sidepiece that is positioned at described roof insulating 1.Such eaves structure can be covered the sidepiece of described roof insulating 1, prevents that the water body in direct sunlight culturing pool 2 from causing water temperature to rise.Meanwhile, during thundery sky, this eaves structure can prevent that again rainwater from flowing in described culturing pool 2 and polluting aquaculture water along the sidepiece of described roof insulating 1.
America hilsa herring is very responsive for illumination variation, in order to prevent that illumination from impacting the cultivation of America hilsa herring, preferably, on the transparent membrane at the top of described roof insulating 1, is also coated with Sunshade film, to avoid culturing pool 1 described in light direct projection.Described Sunshade film can also play the effect of the temperature that regulates described cultivating system inside.When temperature is higher, when illumination is strong, Sunshade film can be covered to the top of described roof insulating 1, to reduce the temperature of described cultivating system inside; When temperature is lower, when illumination is not enough, insulation film can be rolled, make sunlight can irradiate culturing pool 2, to reach the object that improves described cultivating system internal temperature.
The shape of described culturing pool 2 can be various shapes, as circular, ellipse, rectangle or other shapes, as long as can provide activity space for America hilsa herring.Preferably, as shown in Figure 2, cross section and the longitudinal section of described culturing pool 2 are inverted trapezoidal, and are shaped as rectangle at the bottom of the pond of described culturing pool 2.Formation obtuse angle, the junction structure of trapezoidal side, can prevent that America hilsa herring from clashing into the sidewall of described culturing pool 2.Meanwhile, the earth crystallized ability of the sidepiece of the culturing pool 2 that cross section is inverted trapezoidal is better, can avoid the landslide of the culturing pool 2 that causes in cultivation.
At present, the method for often using in the mature stage of America hilsa herring is raised method for flowing water, and water inlet and draining need to be carried out simultaneously.Adopt flowing water to raise the mobile water body environment that method can be suitable at the internal simulation of described culturing pool 2 America hilsa herring growth on the one hand, on the other hand, the aquaculture water of discharging from described discharge outlet 22 can be taken the America hilsa herring excreta in described culturing pool 2 and residual bait etc. out of again, to clean described culturing pool 2.In order to clean as much as possible described culturing pool 2, should increase the distance between described water inlet 21 and described discharge outlet 22 as far as possible.As shown in Figure 2, preferably, described water inlet 21 and described discharge outlet 22 are arranged along the diagonal at the bottom of the pond of described culturing pool 2.Certainly, described water inlet 21 and described discharge outlet 22 also can adopt other method to arrange, as long as can realize its function separately.
America hilsa herring changes particularly responsive for the dissolved oxygen amount in breeding water body, the too low meeting of dissolved oxygen amount in water body causes the death of America hilsa herring.Therefore,, when the dissolved oxygen amount of the water body in described culturing pool 2 is not enough, usually use special equipment to provide oxygen for breeding water body.Preferably, described cultivating system also comprises apparatus of oxygen supply 23, and this apparatus of oxygen supply 23 is arranged in the bottom of described culturing pool 2.Preferably, as shown in Figure 2, described apparatus of oxygen supply 23 comprises along the length direction at the bottom of described pond and is arranged in the oxygen increasing tube of the bottom of described culturing pool 2, and has pore on the sidewall of this oxygen increasing tube.The number of described oxygen increasing tube should be determined according to the metabolic situation of the size of culturing pool and America hilsa herring.Certainly, described oxygen increasing tube also can arrange along the width at the bottom of described pond, also can arrange along diagonal or other direction at the bottom of described pond, as long as can provide oxygen in the water body of described culturing pool 2.
In addition, the present invention also provides the cultural method of a kind of America hilsa herring, this cultural method is put American shad fry and fingerlings in a suitable place to breed in the culturing pool 2 in above-mentioned America hilsa herring cultivating system, by controlling the open and close of transparent membrane and/or the flow of the deep water well water in described culturing pool 2 of the sidepiece of described roof insulating 1, the water temperature of described America hilsa herring cultivating system is controlled in the scope of 13-27 ℃.Because the America hilsa herring cultivating system that provides of invention can be controlled the temperature of cultivating system inside effectively, can be the water body of 13-27 ℃ for America hilsa herring provides temperature.Therefore, by this cultural method, effectively prevent the phenomenon of the America hilsa herring mortality that causes because breeding water body is too high or too low for temperature.
As everyone knows, should be by seed rearing to suitable size before seed is put in a suitable place to breed.If seed is undersized, and can make troubles for the raising in later stage.Meanwhile, also should control the breeding density of described seed, reasonably to utilize the space of described culturing pool 2.Through prolonged and repeated examination, support, the present inventor finds, when American shad fry and fingerlings specification is 3-5cm, breeding density is 2000-3000 tail/mu, and described seed is and tames and dociles while eating the successful fry of buoyancy feed, and the survival rate of American shad fry and fingerlings is higher.
The mature stage of described America hilsa herring can adopt the whole bag of tricks to raise.Preferably, at the mature stage of America hilsa herring, adopt miniflow water to raise method, by controlling the inflow of described water inlet 21 and the drainage discharge of described discharge outlet 22, the day streamflow of described culturing pool 2 is not less than and raises 1/10 of water body cumulative volume.Adopt flowing water to raise the mobile water body environment that method can be suitable at the internal simulation of described culturing pool 2 America hilsa herring growth on the one hand, on the other hand, the aquaculture water of discharging from described discharge outlet 22 can be taken the America hilsa herring excreta in described culturing pool 2 and residual bait etc. out of again, to clean described culturing pool 2.
The feed of throwing something and feeding in breeding process can be heavy forage, buoyancy feed or the feed being mixed by the two.The feed of preferably, throwing something and feeding in breeding process is buoyancy feed.Waste is caused in the bottom of using buoyancy feed can prevent that feed is deposited on described culturing pool 2, meanwhile, also can avoid the pollution of residual bait to breeding water body.Meanwhile, also should be according to the content of the various nutrient components in the size adjusting buoyancy feed of America hilsa herring in breeding process.Preferably, when fish length 10cm is following, by weight, in buoyancy feed, the content of protein is 45%, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 1.5%; When fish length 10-20cm, by weight, in buoyancy feed, the content of protein is 44%, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 2.4%; When fish length 20cm is above, by weight, in buoyancy feed, the content of protein is 43%, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 4.8%.
Preferably, the cultural method of described America hilsa herring also comprises: the medicine of using fish disease prevention and cure; And after the feed 1.5-3h that throws something and feeds, fish for residual feed.Described medicine can be well known for the person skilled in the art medicine, as one or more in bleaching powder, povidone iodine, potassium permanganate.Preferably, the medicine of described fish disease prevention and cure is that concentration is the ClO 2 solution of 0.5-2mg/L, the water body 2-3mg that the consumption of chlorine dioxide is every cubic metre.More preferably, the concentration of described ClO 2 solution is 1mg/L, and the using method of this medicine is full pool spilling head.After the feed 1.5-3h that throws something and feeds, fish for residual feed, to prevent that residual feed from polluting aquaculture water.
In breeding process, America hilsa herring is usually lost the appetite because of factors such as water temperature, oxygen dissolved and illumination, affects its growth rate, when serious, also can cause the death of America hilsa herring, to culturist, brings huge economic loss.The present inventor finds, when the poor appetite of America hilsa herring, to using copper sulphate in described culturing pool 2, can strengthen significantly the appetite of America hilsa herring.Therefore, preferably, the cultural method of described America hilsa herring also comprises every 10-15 days and in described culturing pool 2, adds copper sulphate or copper-bath, the water body 30-50mg that the consumption of copper sulphate is every cubic metre.
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in more details.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is used for illustrating America of the present invention hilsa herring cultivating system and cultural method.
(1) build America provided by the present invention hilsa herring cultivating system.
First, excavate culturing pool: this culturing pool cross section is isosceles inverted trapezoidal, bottom surface and opening are rectangle, the degree of depth of culturing pool is 4m, and the width of rectangular bottom surface is 15m, and length is 30m, the width of rectangular aperture is 25m, length is 40m, in the both sides of the length direction of culturing pool, the water inlet being connected with deep well water source and the discharge outlet being connected with drainage system are set respectively, and discharge outlet is arranged on the bottom of culturing pool.
Then, build roof insulating: roof insulating is built above culturing pool, roof insulating comprises arch bar, longitudinal tie, avris column and canopy head column, the high 2m of avris column, and one end of avris column is connected to one end of arch bar by welding manner, the other end is fixed on ground by the mode of concreting; One end of canopy head column is connected to one end of longitudinal tie by welding manner, the other end is fixed on ground by the mode of concreting; And the top of roof insulating and and end, front and back be coated with fixing transparent polyethylene plastic film, sidepiece is coated with the transparent polyethylene plastic film that can roll along the length direction of described avris column.
(2) on culturing pool side, deep well is set, and from this deep well, draws deep water well water, the annual water temperature of this deep water well water is 18 ℃, and year the highest water temperature is 3 ℃ with the temperature difference of year minimum water temperature, and the temperature difference of day the highest water temperature and day minimum water temperature is 1 ℃; The quality of measuring above-mentioned deep water well water according to the method for GB-T5750 regulation meets the standard of the I class underground water of GB-T14848-93 regulation, and overall merit score value F is 0.5.
Above-mentioned deep water well water is caused to water inlet, and by controlling the open and close of transparent polyethylene plastic film and the flow of the deep water well water in described culturing pool of the sidepiece of described roof insulating, the annual water temperature of described culturing pool is controlled in the scope of 13-27 ℃.Concrete control method is: when the water temperature of described America hilsa herring cultivating system is during higher than 26 ℃, open described roof insulating sidepiece transparent polyethylene plastic film and increase the flow of deep water well water, make water temperature in culturing pool not higher than 27 ℃; When the water temperature of described America hilsa herring cultivating system is during lower than 14 ℃, close described roof insulating sidepiece transparent polyethylene plastic film and increase the flow of deep water well water, the water temperature in rising culturing pool, makes the water temperature in culturing pool be not less than 13 ℃.
(3) by American shad fry and fingerlings in the America hilsa herring cultivating system of building by step (1), and put in a suitable place to breed under the condition in the water temperature of America hilsa herring cultivating system being controlled at by step (2) to the scope of 13-27 ℃.
American shad fry and fingerlings specification is 3-5cm, and breeding density is 2500 tail/mus, and throws something and feeds by the scheme of throwing something and feeding as follows:
When fish length 10cm is following, to carry out the first stage and throw something and feed, the first stage condition of throwing something and feeding comprises: the feed of throwing something and feeding is buoyancy feed, and particle diameter is 0.2cm, and by weight, in buoyancy feed, the content of protein is 45%, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 1.5%; Throw something and feed every day 2 times (morning 7:00, afternoon 5:00), each feeding volume is 0.15 gram/fish of fish.
When fish length 10-20cm, to carry out second stage and throw something and feed, the second stage condition of throwing something and feeding comprises: the feed of throwing something and feeding is buoyancy feed, and particle diameter is 0.3cm, and by weight, in buoyancy feed, the content of protein is 44%, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 2.4%; Throw something and feed every day 2 times (morning 7:00, afternoon 5:00), each feeding volume is 1.80 grams/fish of fishes.
When fish length 20cm is above, to carry out second stage and throw something and feed, the second stage condition of throwing something and feeding comprises: the feed of throwing something and feeding is buoyancy feed, and particle diameter is 0.4cm, and by weight, in buoyancy feed, the content of protein is 43%, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 4.8%; Throw something and feed every day 2 times (morning 7:00, afternoon 5:00), each feeding volume is 10.00 grams/fish of fishes.
Survival rate and the fish body average weight of by sampling counting method, calculating America hilsa herring, acquired results is as shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is used for illustrating existing America hilsa herring cultivating system and cultural method.
According to the method for embodiment 1, build America hilsa herring cultivating system, and utilize this cultivating system cultivation America hilsa herring, different:
(1) roof insulating does not have avris column, and the end of arch bar directly fixes on the ground by the mode of concreting;
(2) use river to replace deep water well water.
Found that: when spring and autumn, the water temperature in culturing pool can only be controlled in the scope of 10-20 ℃, during summer, the water temperature in culturing pool can only be controlled in the scope of 25-32 ℃, and during winter, the water temperature in culturing pool can only be controlled in the scope of 5-15 ℃.That is to say, the water temperature of the culturing pool in this comparative example cannot accurately be controlled in the scope of 13-27 ℃.
Survival rate and the fish body average weight of by sampling counting method, calculating America hilsa herring, acquired results is as shown in table 2.
According to the method identical with embodiment 1, America hilsa herring is raised, difference is: at the top covered with sunshade film of the transparent plastic film at the top of roof insulating.By controlling the transparent polyethylene plastic film of sidepiece of described roof insulating and the open and close of the Sunshade film at the top of roof insulating and the flow of the deep water well water in described culturing pool, the water temperature of described America hilsa herring cultivating system is controlled in the scope of 17-22 ℃.Concrete control method is: when the water temperature of described America hilsa herring cultivating system is during higher than 21 ℃, open the transparent polyethylene plastic film of the sidepiece of roof insulating, close roof insulating top Sunshade film and increase the flow of deep water well water, make water temperature in culturing pool not higher than 22 ℃; When the water temperature of described America hilsa herring cultivating system is during lower than 18 ℃, close the transparent polyethylene plastic film of the sidepiece of described roof insulating, open roof insulating top Sunshade film and increase the flow of deep water well water, the water temperature in rising culturing pool, makes the water temperature in culturing pool be not less than 17 ℃.
Survival rate and the fish body average weight of by sampling counting method, calculating America hilsa herring, acquired results is as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 3
According to the method identical with embodiment 1, America hilsa herring is raised, difference is: the culturing pool of America hilsa herring cultivating system bottom is equipped with three micro-pore oxygenation pipes that are connected with aerator, at the bottom of this oxygen increasing tube is embedded in the pond of culturing pool along the length direction of culturing pool.By this oxygen increasing tube, the dissolved oxygen amount of culturing pool is controlled to 5-8mg/L, concrete control method is: when the dissolved oxygen amount of culturing pool is during lower than 5.5mg/L, open aerator and pass into oxygen in culturing pool, so that the dissolved oxygen amount of growing Chi Shui is controlled to 5-8mg/L.
Survival rate and the fish body average weight of by sampling counting method, calculating America hilsa herring, acquired results is as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 4
According to the method identical with embodiment 1, America hilsa herring is raised, difference is: the mature stage America hilsa herring adopts miniflow water to raise method, by controlling the inflow of described water inlet and the drainage discharge of described discharge outlet, making the day streamflow of described culturing pool is to raise 1/10 of water body cumulative volume.
Survival rate and the fish body average weight of by sampling counting method, calculating America hilsa herring, acquired results is as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 5
According to the method identical with embodiment 1, America hilsa herring is raised, difference is: in breeding process, after American shad fry and fingerlings is put in a suitable place to breed, the 7:00 of the 7th day, the 14th day, the 21st day and the 28th day is used chlorine dioxide, the water body 2mg that the consumption of chlorine dioxide is every cubic metre in described culturing pool 2.And fish for residual feed after the feed 2h that at every turn throws something and feeds.
Survival rate and the fish body average weight of by sampling counting method, calculating America hilsa herring, acquired results is as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 6
According to the method identical with embodiment 1, America hilsa herring is raised, difference is: in breeding process, after American shad fry and fingerlings is put in a suitable place to breed, the 7:00 of the 7th day, the 14th day, the 21st day and the 28th day is to full pool spilling head copper-bath in described culturing pool 2, the water body 50mg that the consumption of copper sulphate is every cubic metre.
Survival rate and the fish body average weight of by sampling counting method, calculating America hilsa herring, acquired results is as shown in table 1.
Each embodiment Central America hilsa herring survival rate of table 1 and marketable fish fish body average weight
Data from table 1 can be found out, compare with existing America hilsa herring cultivating system, and America provided by the present invention hilsa herring cultivating system and method tool have the following advantages:
(1) water temperature in culturing pool accurately can be controlled in the scope of 13-27 ℃;
(2) can improve significantly the survival rate of America hilsa herring;
(3) use the fish body average weight that copper sulphate can improve America hilsa herring significantly.
Below describe by reference to the accompanying drawings the preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail; but; the present invention is not limited to the detail in above-mentioned embodiment; within the scope of technical conceive of the present invention; can carry out multiple simple variant to technical scheme of the present invention, these simple variant all belong to protection scope of the present invention.It should be noted that in addition, each concrete technical characterictic described in above-mentioned embodiment, in reconcilable situation, can combine by any suitable mode, as long as it is without prejudice to thought of the present invention, it should be considered as content disclosed in this invention equally.For fear of unnecessary repetition, the present invention no longer illustrates separately to various possible combinations.
Claims (10)
1. the cultural method of an America hilsa herring, it is characterized in that, this cultural method comprises American shad fry and fingerlings in the culturing pool (2) in the hilsa herring cultivating system of America puts in a suitable place to breed, this cultivating system comprises described culturing pool (2) and is erected at the roof insulating (1) of described culturing pool (2) top, this roof insulating (1) comprises arch bar (11) and longitudinal tie (12), it is characterized in that, this cultivating system also comprises deep well, described roof insulating (1) also comprises avris column (13) and canopy head column (14), described avris column (13) is fixedly connected between the end and ground of described arch bar (11), described canopy head column (14) is fixedly connected between the end and ground of described longitudinal tie (12), top and the end, front and back of described roof insulating (1) are coated with fixing transparent membrane, sidepiece is coated with the transparent membrane that can roll along the length direction of described avris column (13), on the transparent membrane at the top of described roof insulating (1), be also coated with Sunshade film, described culturing pool (2) comprise water inlet (21) and with discharge outlet (22), discharge outlet (22) is positioned at the bottom of described culturing pool (2), and be connected with drainage system, the water source of deep well is that culturing pool (2) supplies water by water inlet (21), cross section and the longitudinal section of described culturing pool (2) are inverted trapezoidal, and are shaped as rectangle at the bottom of the pond of described culturing pool (2), and described water inlet (21) and described discharge outlet (22) arrange along the diagonal at the bottom of the pond of described culturing pool (2),
Wherein, by controlling the open and close of transparent membrane and/or the flow of the deep water well water in described culturing pool (2) of the sidepiece of described roof insulating (1), the water temperature of described America hilsa herring cultivating system is controlled in the scope of 13-27 ℃, the method also comprises every 10-15 days to the copper-bath of splashing in described culturing pool (2), the water body 30-50mg that the consumption of copper sulphate is every cubic metre.
2. the cultural method of America according to claim 1 hilsa herring, is characterized in that, described arch bar (11) has protuberance (15), and this protuberance (15) extends along the axis direction of arch bar, forms the eaves of the sidepiece that is positioned at described roof insulating (1).
3. the cultural method of America according to claim 1 hilsa herring, is characterized in that, described cultivating system also comprises apparatus of oxygen supply (23), and this apparatus of oxygen supply (23) is arranged in the bottom of described culturing pool (2).
4. the cultural method of America according to claim 3 hilsa herring, is characterized in that, described apparatus of oxygen supply (23) comprises along the length direction at the bottom of described pond and is arranged in the oxygen increasing tube of the bottom of described culturing pool (2), and has pore on the sidewall of this oxygen increasing tube.
5. the cultural method of America according to claim 1 hilsa herring, is characterized in that, American shad fry and fingerlings specification is 3-5cm, and breeding density is 2000-3000 tail/mu, and described seed is the successful fry of tame and docile food buoyancy feed.
6. the cultural method of America according to claim 1 hilsa herring, it is characterized in that, mature stage America hilsa herring adopts miniflow water to raise method, by controlling the inflow of described water inlet (21) and the drainage discharge of described discharge outlet (22), make a day streamflow for described culturing pool (2) be not less than and raise 1/10 of water body cumulative volume.
7. the cultural method of America according to claim 1 hilsa herring, is characterized in that, the feed of throwing something and feeding in breeding process is buoyancy feed.
8. the cultural method of America according to claim 1 hilsa herring, is characterized in that, when fish length 10cm is following, by weight, in buoyancy feed, the content of protein is 45.0%, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 1.5%; When fish length 10-20cm, by weight, in buoyancy feed, the content of protein is 44%, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 2.4%; When fish length 20cm is above, by weight, the content 43% of protein in buoyancy feed, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 4.8%.
9. the cultural method of America according to claim 1 hilsa herring, is characterized in that, the method also comprises: the medicine of using fish disease prevention and cure; And after the feed 1.5-3h that throws something and feeds, fish for residual feed.
10. the cultural method of America according to claim 9 hilsa herring, is characterized in that, the medicine of described fish disease prevention and cure is that concentration is the ClO 2 solution of 0.5-2mg/L, the water body 2-3mg that the consumption of chlorine dioxide is every cubic metre.
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| CN102835346B (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-10-02 | 中国海洋大学 | Fishpond device heating by using underground water |
| CN103461264B (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2015-06-10 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | Heating and heat preserving device for flexible greenhouse of aquaculture pond |
| CN103478064B (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2016-02-24 | 浙江海洋学院 | Intensive salmon culture device |
| CN103858798B (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2015-09-23 | 苏州康赛德生物农业有限公司 | One is fatty transfer labor cultural method under delaying hilsa herring scales |
| CN104737976A (en) * | 2015-02-28 | 2015-07-01 | 梧州市景泰养鳖专业合作社 | Young Chinese soft shell turtle pond temperature control method |
| CN107637552A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2018-01-30 | 上海开太鱼文化发展有限公司 | Temperature control system and its application for the breeding pool of fishery |
| CN106359194A (en) * | 2016-09-15 | 2017-02-01 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Breeding method for increasing survival rate of American shad larvae |
| CN107094667B (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2019-10-29 | 上海市水产研究所 | A kind of America hilsa herring continental rise and Tu Chi are segmented relay-type cultural method |
| CN109924148B (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2022-03-15 | 苏州鱼之源生物科技有限公司 | Method for breeding Alosa sapidissima |
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Application publication date: 20120718 Assignee: Zhenjiang Shanshuiwan Eco-Agriculture Development Co., Ltd. Assignor: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, China Fisheries Science Research Institute|Jiangyin Shanghai seafood breeding Limited Contract record no.: 2014320000065 Denomination of invention: Alosa sapidissima culture system and Alosa sapidissima culture method Granted publication date: 20140219 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20140226 |
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