CN102578003A - Alosa sapidissima culture system and Alosa sapidissima culture method - Google Patents
Alosa sapidissima culture system and Alosa sapidissima culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102578003A CN102578003A CN2011100093021A CN201110009302A CN102578003A CN 102578003 A CN102578003 A CN 102578003A CN 2011100093021 A CN2011100093021 A CN 2011100093021A CN 201110009302 A CN201110009302 A CN 201110009302A CN 102578003 A CN102578003 A CN 102578003A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention provides an Alosa sapidissima culture system, which comprises a culture pool, a heat-insulation shed erected above the culture pool and a deep well, wherein the heat-insulation shed comprises arch bars and longitudinal pull rods; the heat-insulation shed also comprises side upright posts and shed head upright posts, wherein the side upright posts are fixedly connected between the end parts of the arch bars and the ground, the shed head upright posts are fixedly connected between the end parts of the longitudinal pull rods and the ground, a fixed transparent film is covered on the top and front and rear end parts of the heat-insulation shed, and a transparent film capable of being rolled along the length direction of the side upright posts is covered on the side part of the heat-insulation shed; the culture pool is provided with a water inlet and a water discharge port, the water discharge port is located at the bottom of the culture pool and is connected with a drainage system; and a water source of the deep well is used for supplying water for the culture pool by the water inlet. According to the culture system, the problem that the temperature of the Alosa sapidissima culture system is difficult to regulate and control is solved by controlling the opening and closing of the transparent film and using water from the deep well.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture field, particularly, relate to a kind of America hilsa herring cultivating system that the America hilsa herring is cultured that is used for.In addition, the invention still further relates to the cultural method of a kind of America hilsa herring, this cultural method is used described America hilsa herring cultivating system.
Background technology
The American shad meat flavour is delicious, nutritious, and under the endangered situation of Chinese hilsa herring, propagating artificially in China of America hilsa herring has boundless prospect.At present, tens provinces and cities such as Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Hubei, Hunan and Tianjin have all begun the large-scale cultivation of America hilsa herring.
The America hilsa herring is tender and lovely unusually, and the fish body squama of touching net, optimum are grown in 15-25 ℃ the water body, when water temperature is lower than 10 ℃ or do not ingest when surpassing 30 ℃ and death occurs.Present a lot of America hilsa herring cultivating system all can not better controlled be cultured the temperature of pool inner water body, and Yin Wendu control is former improperly thereby accident that America hilsa herring that cause is annihilated is of common occurrence, has caused enormous economic loss to the culturist.
Therefore, need a kind of America hilsa herring cultivating system, this cultivating system can overcome the problem that temperature is difficult to regulate and control in the hilsa herring cultivating system of existing America.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of America hilsa herring cultivating system, this cultivating system can overcome the problem that temperature is difficult to regulate and control in the hilsa herring cultivating system of existing America.
In addition, the present invention also provides the cultural method of a kind of America hilsa herring, and this cultural method is used described America hilsa herring cultivating system.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a kind of America hilsa herring cultivating system, and this cultivating system comprises cultures pond and the insulation canopy that is erected at top, said breed pond; This insulation canopy comprises arch bar and longitudinal tie; Wherein, this cultivating system also comprises deep well, and said insulation canopy also comprises avris column and canopy head column; Said avris column is fixedly connected between the end and ground of said arch bar; Said canopy head column is fixedly connected between the end and ground of said longitudinal tie, and the top of said insulation canopy and end, front and back are coated with fixing transparent membrane, and sidepiece is coated with the transparent membrane that can roll along the length direction of said avris column; Said breed pond comprise water inlet and and discharge outlet, discharge outlet is positioned at the bottom in said breed pond, and is connected with drainage system, the water source of deep well supplies water for culturing the pond through water inlet.
Preferably, said arch bar has protuberance, and this protuberance extends along the axis direction of arch bar, forms the eaves of the sidepiece that is positioned at said insulation canopy.
Preferably, on the transparent membrane at the top of said insulation canopy, also be coated with the sunshade film.
Preferably, the cross section in said breed pond and longitudinal section are trapezoidal, and are shaped as rectangle at the bottom of the pond in said breed pond.
Preferably, the diagonal at the bottom of the pond in said breed pond, said water inlet and said discharge outlet edge is arranged.
Preferably, said cultivating system also comprises apparatus of oxygen supply, and this apparatus of oxygen supply is arranged in the bottom in said breed pond.
Preferably, said apparatus of oxygen supply comprises that the length direction at the bottom of the said pond, edge is arranged in the oxygen increasing tube of the bottom in said breed pond, and has pore on the sidewall of this oxygen increasing tube.
In addition; The present invention also provides the cultural method of a kind of America hilsa herring; This cultural method is with putting in a suitable place to breed in the breed pond of American shad fry and fingerlings in the hilsa herring cultivating system of described America; The open and close of the transparent membrane of the sidepiece through controlling said insulation canopy and/or the flow of the deep water well water in the said breed pond are controlled at the water temperature of said America hilsa herring cultivating system in 13-27 ℃ the scope.
Preferably, the American shad fry and fingerlings specification is 3-5cm, and breeding density is 2000-3000 tail/mu, and said seed is the successful fry of tame and docile food buoyancy feed.
Preferably, the mature stage of hilsa herring adopts miniflow water to raise method in America, and the inflow through controlling said water inlet and the drainage discharge of said discharge outlet are not less than the day streamflow in said breed pond and raise 1/10 of water body cumulative volume.
The feed of preferably, throwing something and feeding in the breeding process is the buoyancy feed.
Preferably, when fish length 10cm was following, by weight, Protein content was 45% in the buoyancy feed, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 1.5%; When fish length 10-20cm, by weight, Protein content is 44% in the buoyancy feed, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 2.4%; When fish length 20cm was above, by weight, Protein content was 43% in the buoyancy feed, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 4.8%.
Preferably, this method also comprises: the medicine of using fish disease prevention and cure; And behind the feed 1.5-3h that throws something and feeds, fish for residual feed.
Preferably, the medicine of said fish disease prevention and cure is that concentration is the ClO 2 solution of 0.5-2mg/L, and the consumption of chlorine dioxide is every cubic metre water body 2-3mg.
Preferably, this method also comprises every 10-15 days and in said breed pond, adds copper sulphate or copper-bath that the consumption of copper sulphate is every cubic metre water body 30-50mg.
Pass through technique scheme; Because the sidepiece of America provided by the present invention hilsa herring cultivating system is coated with the transparent membrane that can roll along the length direction of avris column; Through controlling the open and close of this transparent membrane; Can control the speed air flow in the insulation canopy effectively, to regulate the cultivating system temperature inside.Simultaneously, the water inlet of said America hilsa herring cultivating system is connected with deep well, can deep water well water cool in summer and warm in winter be provided for culturing the pond, the water temperature of culturing the pond is controlled in 13-27 ℃ the scope, for the breed of America hilsa herring provides suitable temperature.Therefore, America provided by the present invention hilsa herring cultivating system can be controlled the cultivating system temperature inside effectively, has solved the problem that temperature is difficult to regulate and control in the hilsa herring cultivating system of existing America.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will partly specify in embodiment subsequently.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is to be used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes the part of specification, is used to explain the present invention with following embodiment, but is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the insulation canopy of America provided by the present invention hilsa herring cultivating system;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation in the breed pond of America provided by the present invention hilsa herring cultivating system.
Description of reference numerals
1 insulation canopy, 2 breed ponds
11 arch bars, 12 longitudinal ties
13 avris columns, 14 canopy head columns
15 protuberances, 21 water inlets
22 discharge outlet, 23 apparatuss of oxygen supply
Embodiment
Be elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention.Should be understood that embodiment described herein only is used for explanation and explains the present invention, is not construed as limiting the invention.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2; The present invention provides a kind of America hilsa herring cultivating system; This cultivating system comprises cultures pond 2 and the insulation canopy 1 that is erected at 2 tops, said breed pond, and this insulation canopy 1 comprises arch bar 11 and longitudinal tie 12, wherein; This cultivating system also comprises deep well; Said insulation canopy 1 also comprises avris column 13 and canopy head column 14, and said avris column 13 is fixedly connected between the end and ground of said arch bar 11, and said canopy head column 14 is fixedly connected between the end and ground of said longitudinal tie 12; The top of said insulation canopy 1 and end, front and back are coated with fixing transparent membrane, and sidepiece is coated with the transparent membrane that can roll along the length direction of said avris column 13; Said breed pond 2 comprise water inlet 21 and with discharge outlet 22, discharge outlet 22 is positioned at the bottom in said breed pond 2, and is connected with drainage system, the water source of deep well supplies water for culturing pond 2 through water inlet 21.
Pass through technique scheme; Because the sidepiece of America provided by the present invention hilsa herring cultivating system is coated with the transparent membrane that can roll along the length direction of avris column 13; Through controlling the open and close of this transparent membrane; Can control the speed air flow in the insulation canopy effectively, to regulate the cultivating system temperature inside.Simultaneously, the water inlet 22 of said America hilsa herring cultivating system is connected with deep well, can deep water well water cool in summer and warm in winter be provided for culturing pond 2, makes to culture the pool inner water temperature and maintain in 13-27 ℃ the scope, for the breed of America hilsa herring provides suitable temperature.Therefore, America provided by the present invention hilsa herring cultivating system can be controlled the cultivating system temperature inside effectively, has solved the problem that temperature is difficult to regulate and control in the hilsa herring cultivating system of existing America.
Preferably, said deep water well water is 18 ℃ for the annual water temperature, and the temperature difference of year the highest water temperature and year minimum water temperature is smaller or equal to 3 ℃, and the temperature difference of day the highest water temperature and day minimum water temperature is 1 ℃ a deep water well water.
Preferably, said deep water well water is for meeting the I class or the II class standard of GB-T 14848-93 " groundwater quality standard " regulation; The overall merit score value F that measures according to GB-T 14848-93 regulation of perhaps said deep water well water is less than 2.50.
Said arch bar 11, longitudinal tie 12, avris column 13 and being connected of canopy head column 14 can be any type of fixed connection are like welding, bolt connection etc.Preferably, be connected through welding manner between said arch bar 11 and the said avris column 13 and between said longitudinal tie 12 and the said canopy head column 14, the bottom of said avris column 13 fixes on the ground through the mode of concrete cast.Such connected mode can improve the intensity of said insulation canopy 1, prolongs the service time of said insulation canopy 1.
The effect of insulation can be played in the top of said insulation canopy 1 and be coated with transparent membrane all around.Simultaneously; The sidepiece of said insulation canopy 1 is coated with the transparent membrane that can roll along the length direction of said avris column 13, when temperature is too high in the insulation canopy 1, can roll the transparent membrane of sidepiece; Accelerate the speed air flow of the inside of said insulation canopy 1, reduce the temperature inside of insulation canopy 1; Temperature in being incubated canopy 1 is crossed when hanging down, and can put down the transparent membrane of the sidepiece of said insulation canopy 1 again, makes said insulation canopy 1 form the space of sealing, and raising is incubated the internal temperature of canopy 1.
Said breed pond 2 comprise water inlet 21 and with discharge outlet 22; Said water inlet 21 is connected with the deep well water source; Can supply subsurface water for said breed pond 2; Said discharge outlet 22 is connected with drainage system, can breed water in the said breed pond 2 and the excreta of America hilsa herring etc. be discharged said breed pond 2.Said drainage system can be drainage system commonly used in the aquaculture field; Drainage system provided by the present invention adopts the pvc pipe sleeve structure; Outer setting in said breed pond 2 is useful on the drain ditch that water is cultured in discharging, and pvc pipe is connected between said discharge outlet 22 and the said drain ditch, when the needs draining; As long as the pvc pipe middle sleeve is extracted, the breed water in the said breed pond 2 just can flow automatically in the drain ditch under the pressure effect of pool water within.In breeding process,, can with said discharge outlet 22 places screen pack be set at said water inlet 21 in order to prevent that America hilsa herring or foreign matter (like stone, silt etc.) from entering into said water inlet 21 and stopping up the mouth of pipe with said discharge outlet 22.
As shown in Figure 1, preferably, said arch bar 11 has protuberance 15, and this protuberance 15 extends along the axis direction of arch bar, forms the eaves of the sidepiece that is positioned at said insulation canopy 1.Such eaves structure can be covered the sidepiece of said insulation canopy 1, prevents that the water body that the sunlight direct projection is cultured in the pond 2 from causing water temperature rise.Simultaneously, during thundery sky, this eaves structure can prevent that again rainwater from flowing into pollution breed water in the said breed pond 2 along the sidepiece of said insulation canopy 1.
The America hilsa herring is very responsive for illumination variation, in order to prevent illumination the breed of America hilsa herring is impacted, and preferably, on the transparent membrane at the top of said insulation canopy 1, also is coated with the sunshade film, to avoid the said breed of light direct projection pond 1.Said sunshade film can also play the effect of regulating said cultivating system temperature inside.Higher when temperature, when illumination is strong, can the sunshade film be covered the top of said insulation canopy 1, to reduce said cultivating system temperature inside; When temperature is lower, when illumination is not enough, can insulation film be rolled, make sunlight to shine and culture pond 2, to reach the purpose that improves said cultivating system internal temperature.
The shape in said breed pond 2 can be different shape, like circular, ellipse, rectangle or other shapes, as long as can activity space be provided for the America hilsa herring.Preferably, as shown in Figure 2, the cross section in said breed pond 2 and longitudinal section are trapezoidal, and are shaped as rectangle at the bottom of the pond in said breed pond 2.The junction of trapezoidal side forms the obtuse angle structure, can prevent that the America hilsa herring from clashing into the sidewall in said breed pond 2.Simultaneously, the cross section is down that the earth crystallized ability of sidepiece in trapezoidal breed pond 2 is better, the landslide in the breed pond 2 of causing in can avoiding culturing.
At present, the method for in the mature stage of America hilsa herring, often using is raised method as flowing water, and water inlet and draining need be carried out simultaneously.Adopt flowing water to raise the water body environment that flows that method can be suitable for America hilsa herring growth on the one hand at the internal simulation in said breed pond 2; On the other hand; Can America hilsa herring excreta in the said breed pond 2 and residual bait etc. be taken out of again from the breed water that said discharge outlet 22 is discharged, to clean said breed pond 2.In order to clean said breed pond 2 as much as possible, should increase the distance between said water inlet 21 and the said discharge outlet 22 as far as possible.As shown in Figure 2, preferably, the diagonal at the bottom of the pond in said water inlet 21 and said breed pond, said discharge outlet 22 edge 2 is arranged.Certainly, said water inlet 21 also can adopt other method to arrange with said discharge outlet 22, as long as can realize its function separately.
The America hilsa herring changes particularly responsive for the dissolved oxygen amount in the breeding water body, the dissolved oxygen amount in the water body is crossed to hang down and can be caused the death of America hilsa herring.Therefore, when the dissolved oxygen amount of the water body in the said breed pond 2 is not enough, usually use special equipment oxygen to be provided as breeding water body.Preferably, said cultivating system also comprises apparatus of oxygen supply 23, and this apparatus of oxygen supply 23 is arranged in the bottom in said breed pond 2.Preferably, as shown in Figure 2, said apparatus of oxygen supply 23 comprises that the length direction at the bottom of the said pond, edge is arranged in the oxygen increasing tube of the bottom in said breed pond 2, and has pore on the sidewall of this oxygen increasing tube.The number of said oxygen increasing tube should be decided according to size of culturing the pond and the metabolic situation of America hilsa herring.Certainly, said oxygen increasing tube also can arrange along the width at the bottom of the said pond, also can arrange along diagonal or other direction at the bottom of the said pond, as long as can in the water body in said breed pond 2, oxygen be provided.
In addition; The present invention also provides the cultural method of a kind of America hilsa herring; This cultural method is with putting in a suitable place to breed in the breed pond 2 of American shad fry and fingerlings in above-mentioned America hilsa herring cultivating system; The open and close of the transparent membrane of the sidepiece through controlling said insulation canopy 1 and/or the flow of the deep water well water in the said breed pond 2 are controlled at the water temperature of said America hilsa herring cultivating system in 13-27 ℃ the scope.Because the America hilsa herring cultivating system that provided of invention can be controlled the cultivating system temperature inside effectively, can be 13-27 ℃ water body for the America hilsa herring provides temperature.The phenomenon of the America hilsa herring mortality that therefore, prevents effectively to cause through this cultural method because of breeding water body is too high or too low for temperature.
As everyone knows, should be before seed is put in a suitable place to breed with seed rearing to suitable size.If seed is undersized, and can make troubles for the raising in later stage.Simultaneously, also should control the breeding density of said seed, reasonably to utilize the space in said breed pond 2.Support through prolonged and repeated examination, inventor of the present invention finds, when the American shad fry and fingerlings specification is 3-5cm, breeding density is 2000-3000 tail/mu, and said seed is and tames and dociles when eating the successful fry of buoyancy feed, and the survival rate of American shad fry and fingerlings is higher.
The mature stage of said America hilsa herring can adopt the whole bag of tricks to raise.Preferably, the mature stage of hilsa herring adopts miniflow water to raise method in America, and the inflow through controlling said water inlet 21 and the drainage discharge of said discharge outlet 22 are not less than the day streamflow in said breed pond 2 and raise 1/10 of water body cumulative volume.Adopt flowing water to raise the water body environment that flows that method can be suitable for America hilsa herring growth on the one hand at the internal simulation in said breed pond 2; On the other hand; Can America hilsa herring excreta in the said breed pond 2 and residual bait etc. be taken out of again from the breed water that said discharge outlet 22 is discharged, to clean said breed pond 2.
The feed of being thrown something and fed in the breeding process can be for heavy forage, buoyancy feed or by the two feed that mixes.The feed of preferably, throwing something and feeding in the breeding process is the buoyancy feed.Waste is caused in the bottom of using the buoyancy feed can prevent that feed is deposited on said breed pond 2, simultaneously, also can avoid the pollution of residual bait to breeding water body.Simultaneously, also should be in breeding process according to the content of the various nutrient components in the size adjusting buoyancy feed of America hilsa herring.Preferably, when fish length 10cm was following, by weight, Protein content was 45% in the buoyancy feed, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 1.5%; When fish length 10-20cm, by weight, Protein content is 44% in the buoyancy feed, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 2.4%; When fish length 20cm was above, by weight, Protein content was 43% in the buoyancy feed, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 4.8%.
Preferably, the cultural method of said America hilsa herring also comprises: the medicine of using fish disease prevention and cure; And behind the feed 1.5-3h that throws something and feeds, fish for residual feed.Said medicine can be medicine as well known to those skilled in the art, like in bleaching powder, PVP-I, the potassium permanganate one or more.Preferably, the medicine of said fish disease prevention and cure is that concentration is the ClO 2 solution of 0.5-2mg/L, and the consumption of chlorine dioxide is every cubic metre water body 2-3mg.More preferably, the concentration of said ClO 2 solution is 1mg/L, and the method for using of this medicine is a full pool spilling head.Behind the feed 1.5-3h that throws something and feeds, fish for residual feed, pollute culturing water to prevent residual feed.
In breeding process, the America hilsa herring is usually lost the appetite because of factor such as water temperature, oxygen dissolved and illumination, influences its growth rate, also can cause the death of America hilsa herring when serious, brings enormous economic loss to the culturist.Inventor of the present invention finds, when the poor appetite of America hilsa herring, in said breed pond 2, uses copper sulphate and can strengthen the appetite of America hilsa herring significantly.Therefore, preferably, the cultural method of said America hilsa herring also comprises every 10-15 days and in said breed pond 2, adds copper sulphate or copper-bath that the consumption of copper sulphate is every cubic metre water body 30-50mg.
Through concrete embodiment the present invention is described in more details below.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment is used to explain America of the present invention hilsa herring cultivating system and cultural method.
(1) builds America provided by the present invention hilsa herring cultivating system.
At first, excavate the breed pond: this cross section, breed pond is that isosceles are trapezoidal, and bottom surface and opening are rectangle; The degree of depth of culturing the pond is 4m, and the width of rectangular bottom surface is 15m, and length is 30m; The width of rectangular aperture is 25m; Length is 40m, in the both sides of the length direction of culturing the pond water inlet that is connected with the deep well water source and the discharge outlet that is connected with drainage system is set respectively, and discharge outlet is arranged on the bottom of culturing the pond.
Then; Build the insulation canopy: the insulation canopy is built above the breed pond; The insulation canopy comprises arch bar, longitudinal tie, avris column and canopy head column; The high 2m of avris column, and an end of avris column is connected an end of arch bar through welding manner, and the other end is fixed on the ground through the mode of concreting; One end of canopy head column is connected an end of longitudinal tie through welding manner, and the other end is fixed on the ground through the mode of concreting; And the top of insulation canopy and be coated with fixing transparent polyethylene plastic film with the end, front and back, sidepiece is coated with the transparent polyethylene plastic film that can roll along the length direction of said avris column.
(2) pond is other to be provided with deep well culturing, and from this deep well, draws deep water well water, and the annual water temperature of this deep water well water is 18 ℃, and year the highest water temperature is 3 ℃ with the temperature difference of year minimum water temperature, and day the highest water temperature is 1 ℃ with the temperature difference of day minimum water temperature; The quality of measuring above-mentioned deep water well water according to the method for GB-T 5750 regulations meets the phreatic standard of I class that GB-T 14848-93 stipulates, overall merit score value F is 0.5.
Above-mentioned deep water well water is caused water inlet; And open and close and the flow of the deep water well water in the said breed pond of the transparent polyethylene plastic film of the sidepiece through the said insulation canopy of control are controlled at the annual water temperature in said breed pond in 13-27 ℃ the scope.Concrete control method is: when the water temperature of said America hilsa herring cultivating system is higher than 26 ℃, open said insulation canopy sidepiece the transparent polyethylene plastic film and increase the flow of deep water well water, make the water temperature of culturing in the pond not be higher than 27 ℃; When the water temperature of said America hilsa herring cultivating system is lower than 14 ℃, close said insulation canopy sidepiece the transparent polyethylene plastic film and increase the flow of deep water well water, raise and culture the water temperature in the pond, make the water temperature in the breed pond be not less than 13 ℃.
(3) with American shad fry and fingerlings in the America hilsa herring cultivating system of building through step (1), and put in a suitable place to breed under the condition in the water temperature of America hilsa herring cultivating system being controlled at 13-27 ℃ scope through step (2).
The American shad fry and fingerlings specification is 3-5cm, and breeding density is 2500 tail/mus, and throws something and feeds by the scheme of throwing something and feeding as follows:
When fish length 10cm is following, to carry out the phase I and throw something and feed, the phase I condition of throwing something and feeding comprises: the feed of throwing something and feeding is the buoyancy feed, and particle diameter is 0.2cm, and by weight, Protein content is 45% in the buoyancy feed, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 1.5%; Throw something and feed every day 2 times (morning 7:00, afternoon 5:00), each feeding volume is 0.15 gram/tail fish.
When fish length 10-20cm, to carry out second stage and throw something and feed, the second stage condition of throwing something and feeding comprises: the feed of throwing something and feeding is the buoyancy feed, and particle diameter is 0.3cm, and by weight, Protein content is 44% in the buoyancy feed, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 2.4%; Throw something and feed every day 2 times (morning 7:00, afternoon 5:00), each feeding volume is 1.80 gram/tail fishes.
When fish length 20cm is above, to carry out second stage and throw something and feed, the second stage condition of throwing something and feeding comprises: the feed of throwing something and feeding is the buoyancy feed, and particle diameter is 0.4cm, and by weight, Protein content is 43% in the buoyancy feed, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 4.8%; Throw something and feed every day 2 times (morning 7:00, afternoon 5:00), each feeding volume is 10.00 gram/tail fishes.
Through survival rate and the fish body average weight of sampling counting method calculating America hilsa herring, the gained result is as shown in table 1.
Comparative Examples 1
This Comparative Examples is used to explain existing America hilsa herring cultivating system and cultural method.
Method according to embodiment 1 is built America hilsa herring cultivating system, and utilizes this cultivating system to culture the America hilsa herring, and different is:
(1) the insulation canopy does not have the avris column, and the end of arch bar directly fixes on the ground through the mode of concreting;
(2) use river to replace deep water well water.
The result finds: when spring and autumn, culture water temperature in the pond and can only be controlled in 10-20 ℃ the scope, during summer, the water temperature in the breed pond can only be controlled in 25-32 ℃ the scope, and during winter, the water temperature in the breed pond can only be controlled in 5-15 ℃ the scope.That is to say that the water temperature in the breed pond in this Comparative Examples can't accurately be controlled in 13-27 ℃ the scope.
Through survival rate and the fish body average weight of sampling counting method calculating America hilsa herring, the gained result is as shown in table 2.
According to embodiment 1 identical method the America hilsa herring being raised, difference is: the top at the transparent plastic film at the top of insulation canopy covers the sunshade film.The transparent polyethylene plastic film of the sidepiece through controlling said insulation canopy and the open and close of the sunshade film at the top of insulation canopy and the flow of the deep water well water in the said breed pond, the water temperature of said America hilsa herring cultivating system are controlled in 17-22 ℃ the scope.Concrete control method is: when the water temperature of said America hilsa herring cultivating system is higher than 21 ℃; Open the transparent polyethylene plastic film of the sidepiece of insulation canopy; Close the insulation canopy the top the sunshade film and increase the flow of deep water well water, make the water temperature of culturing in the pond not be higher than 22 ℃; When the water temperature of said America hilsa herring cultivating system is lower than 18 ℃; Close the transparent polyethylene plastic film of the sidepiece of said insulation canopy; Open the insulation canopy the top the sunshade film and increase the flow of deep water well water, raise and culture the water temperature in the pond, make the water temperature in the breed pond be not less than 17 ℃.
Through survival rate and the fish body average weight of sampling counting method calculating America hilsa herring, the gained result is as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 3
According to the America hilsa herring being raised with embodiment 1 identical method; Difference is: the bottom, breed pond of America hilsa herring cultivating system is equipped with three micropore oxygen increasing tubes that are connected with aerator, and this oxygen increasing tube is embedded at the bottom of the pond of culturing the pond along the length direction of culturing the pond.Through this oxygen increasing tube, the dissolved oxygen amount of culturing pool is controlled at 5-8mg/L, concrete control method is: when the dissolved oxygen amount of culturing pool is lower than 5.5mg/L, open aerator aerating oxygen in culturing the pond, be controlled at 5-8mg/L with the dissolved oxygen amount that will grow Chi Shui.
Through survival rate and the fish body average weight of sampling counting method calculating America hilsa herring, the gained result is as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 4
According to the America hilsa herring being raised with embodiment 1 identical method; Difference is: the mature stage of hilsa herring adopts miniflow water to raise method in America; The inflow through controlling said water inlet and the drainage discharge of said discharge outlet, making the day streamflow in said breed pond is to raise 1/10 of water body cumulative volume.
Through survival rate and the fish body average weight of sampling counting method calculating America hilsa herring, the gained result is as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 5
According to the America hilsa herring being raised with embodiment 1 identical method; Difference is: in breeding process; The 7:00 that puts back the 7th day, the 14th day, the 21st day and the 28th day at American shad fry and fingerlings in a suitable place to breed uses chlorine dioxide in said breed pond 2, the consumption of chlorine dioxide is every cubic metre water body 2mg.And behind the feed 2h that at every turn throws something and feeds, fish for residual feed.
Through survival rate and the fish body average weight of sampling counting method calculating America hilsa herring, the gained result is as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 6
According to the America hilsa herring being raised with embodiment 1 identical method; Difference is: in breeding process; Put 7:00 full pool spilling head copper-bath in said breed pond 2 of back the 7th day, the 14th day, the 21st day and the 28th day in a suitable place to breed at American shad fry and fingerlings, the consumption of copper sulphate is every cubic metre water body 50mg.
Through survival rate and the fish body average weight of sampling counting method calculating America hilsa herring, the gained result is as shown in table 1.
Each embodiment Central America hilsa herring survival rate of table 1 and marketable fish fish body average weight
Data from table 1 can be found out, compare with existing America hilsa herring cultivating system, and America provided by the present invention hilsa herring cultivating system and method have following advantage:
(1) can accurately be controlled in 13-27 ℃ the scope culturing water temperature in the pond;
(2) can improve the survival rate of America hilsa herring significantly;
(3) use the fish body average weight that copper sulphate can improve the America hilsa herring significantly.
More than combine accompanying drawing to describe preferred implementation of the present invention in detail; But; The present invention is not limited to the detail in the above-mentioned embodiment; In technical conceive scope of the present invention, can carry out multiple simple variant to technical scheme of the present invention, these simple variant all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Need to prove in addition; Each concrete technical characterictic described in above-mentioned embodiment under reconcilable situation, can make up through any suitable manner; As long as it is without prejudice to thought of the present invention, it should be regarded as the disclosed content of the present invention equally.For fear of unnecessary repetition, the present invention no longer explains various possible compound modes separately.
Claims (15)
1. America hilsa herring cultivating system; This cultivating system comprises the insulation canopy (1) of culturing pond (2) and being erected at top, said breed pond (2); This insulation canopy (1) comprises arch bar (11) and longitudinal tie (12); It is characterized in that this cultivating system also comprises deep well, said insulation canopy (1) also comprises avris column (13) and canopy head column (14); Said avris column (13) is fixedly connected between the end and ground of said arch bar (11); Said canopy head column (14) is fixedly connected between the end and ground of said longitudinal tie (12), and the top and the end, front and back of said insulation canopy (1) are coated with fixing transparent membrane, and sidepiece is coated with the transparent membrane that can roll along the length direction of said avris column (13); Said breed pond (2) comprise water inlet (21) and with discharge outlet (22), discharge outlet (22) is positioned at the bottom in said breed pond (2), and is connected with drainage system, the water source of deep well supplies water for culturing pond (2) through water inlet (21).
2. America according to claim 1 hilsa herring cultivating system is characterized in that said arch bar (11) has protuberance (15), and this protuberance (15) extends along the axis direction of arch bar, forms the eaves of the sidepiece that is positioned at said insulation canopy (1).
3. America according to claim 1 hilsa herring cultivating system is characterized in that, on the transparent membrane at the top of said insulation canopy (1), also is coated with the sunshade film.
4. America according to claim 1 hilsa herring cultivating system is characterized in that the cross section in said breed pond (2) and longitudinal section are trapezoidal, and is shaped as rectangle at the bottom of the pond in said breed pond (2).
5. America according to claim 4 hilsa herring cultivating system is characterized in that, the diagonal at the bottom of the pond in said water inlet (21) and said discharge outlet (22) said breed pond, edge (2) is arranged.
6. America according to claim 1 hilsa herring cultivating system is characterized in that said cultivating system also comprises apparatus of oxygen supply (23), and this apparatus of oxygen supply (23) is arranged in the bottom in said breed pond (2).
7. America according to claim 6 hilsa herring cultivating system is characterized in that, said apparatus of oxygen supply (23) comprises that the length direction at the bottom of the said pond, edge is arranged in the oxygen increasing tube of the bottom in said breed pond (2), and has pore on the sidewall of this oxygen increasing tube.
8. the cultural method of an America hilsa herring; It is characterized in that; Said cultural method is put American shad fry and fingerlings in a suitable place to breed in claim 1 to 7 in the breed pond (2) in any described America hilsa herring cultivating system; The open and close of the transparent membrane of the sidepiece through controlling said insulation canopy (1) and/or the flow of the deep water well water in the said breed pond (2) are controlled at the water temperature of said America hilsa herring cultivating system in 13-27 ℃ the scope.
9. the cultural method of America according to claim 8 hilsa herring is characterized in that, the American shad fry and fingerlings specification is 3-5cm, and breeding density is 2000-3000 tail/mu, and said seed is the successful fry of tame and docile food buoyancy feed.
10. the cultural method of America according to claim 8 hilsa herring; It is characterized in that; The mature stage of hilsa herring adopts miniflow water to raise method in America; The inflow through controlling said water inlet (21) and the drainage discharge of said discharge outlet (22) are not less than the day streamflow in said breed pond (2) and raise 1/10 of water body cumulative volume.
11. the cultural method of America according to claim 8 hilsa herring is characterized in that, the feed of throwing something and feeding in the breeding process is the buoyancy feed.
12. the cultural method of America according to claim 8 hilsa herring is characterized in that, when fish length 10cm was following, by weight, Protein content was 45.0% in the buoyancy feed, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 1.5%; When fish length 10-20cm, by weight, Protein content is 44% in the buoyancy feed, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 2.4%; When fish length 20cm was above, by weight, Protein content 43% in the buoyancy feed, content of highly unsaturated fatty acids 4.8%.
13. the cultural method of America according to claim 8 hilsa herring is characterized in that, this method also comprises: the medicine of using fish disease prevention and cure; And behind the feed 1.5-3h that throws something and feeds, fish for residual feed.
14. the cultural method of America according to claim 13 hilsa herring is characterized in that, the medicine of said fish disease prevention and cure is that concentration is the ClO 2 solution of 0.5-2mg/L, and the consumption of chlorine dioxide is every cubic metre water body 2-3mg.
15. the cultural method of any described America hilsa herring in 14 is characterized in that according to Claim 8, this method also the comprises every 10-15 days copper-bath of in said breed pond (2), splashing, and the consumption of copper sulphate is every cubic metre water body 30-50mg.
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| CN102835346A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2012-12-26 | 中国海洋大学 | Fishpond device heating by using underground water |
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| CN103478064A (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2014-01-01 | 浙江海洋学院 | Intensive salmon culture device |
| CN103858798A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2014-06-18 | 苏州康赛德生物农业有限公司 | Artificial breeding method for delaying transfer of fat under scales of hilsa herring |
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| CN104737976A (en) * | 2015-02-28 | 2015-07-01 | 梧州市景泰养鳖专业合作社 | Young Chinese soft shell turtle pond temperature control method |
| CN107637552A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2018-01-30 | 上海开太鱼文化发展有限公司 | Temperature control system and its application for the breeding pool of fishery |
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| CN107094667A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-08-29 | 上海市水产研究所 | A kind of America hilsa herring continental rise and Tu Chi are segmented relay-type cultural method |
| CN107094667B (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2019-10-29 | 上海市水产研究所 | A kind of America hilsa herring continental rise and Tu Chi are segmented relay-type cultural method |
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