CN102574121A - 蜂窝状结构体 - Google Patents

蜂窝状结构体 Download PDF

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CN102574121A
CN102574121A CN2010800427204A CN201080042720A CN102574121A CN 102574121 A CN102574121 A CN 102574121A CN 2010800427204 A CN2010800427204 A CN 2010800427204A CN 201080042720 A CN201080042720 A CN 201080042720A CN 102574121 A CN102574121 A CN 102574121A
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molded body
honeycomb molded
quality
next door
silicon
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CN102574121B (zh
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野口康
金田淳志
井上崇行
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NGK Insulators Ltd
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    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
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Abstract

本发明提供一种蜂窝状结构体,包括蜂窝状结构部,该蜂窝状结构部具有区隔形成多个孔格的多孔质的隔壁和位于最外周的外周壁,该多个孔格从该蜂窝状结构部的一端面延伸到另一端面以形成流体的流路,所述隔壁和所述外周壁含有:作为骨料的碳化硅粒子、和作为使碳化硅粒子结合的结合材料的硅,隔壁的厚度为50~200μm,孔格密度为50~150孔格/cm2,作为骨料的碳化硅粒子的平均粒子径为3~40μm,该蜂窝状结构体在400℃下的体积电阻率为1~40Ωcm。该蜂窝状结构体的体积电阻率在规定的范围内,作为催化剂载体同时作为加热器。

Description

蜂窝状结构体
技术领域
本发明涉及蜂窝状结构体,更加具体的,涉及体积电阻率在规定范围内的、即作为催化剂载体又作为加热器的蜂窝状结构体。
背景技术
以往,将载持了催化剂的堇青石制的蜂窝状结构体用于对汽车发动机排出的废气中的有害物质进行处理。还已知有将由碳化硅烧结体形成的蜂窝结构体用于废气的净化(例如,参照专利文献1)。
通过载持于蜂窝状结构体的催化剂进行废气处理时,需要将催化剂升温到规定的温度,但是由于发动机开始发动时,催化剂的温度较低,废气无法充分的被净化。
因此,研究了在载持有催化剂的蜂窝状结构体的上游侧,设置金属制的加热器,使废气升温的方法(例如,参照专利文献2)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
【专利文献1】专利第4136319号公报
【专利文献2】专利第2931362号公报
发明内容
上述的加热器搭载于汽车进行使用的情况下,共用使用于汽车的电气系统的电源,例如使用200V这样的较高电压的电源。但是,金属制的加热器,电阻较低,在采用200V这样高电压的电源时,会产生过剩电流流过,存在损伤电源电路的问题。
又,如果加热器为金属制,即使是加工成蜂窝状结构,也难以载持催化剂,因此,难以使得加热器和催化剂一体化。
鉴于上述问题,本发明目的在于提供一种体积电阻率在规定范围内的、即作为催化剂载体又作为加热器的蜂窝状结构体。
为了解决上述课题,本发明提供以下的蜂窝状结构体。
本发明第一方面提供一种蜂窝状结构体,包括蜂窝状结构部,该蜂窝状结构部具有区隔形成多个孔格的多孔质的隔壁和位于最外周的外周壁,该多个孔格从该蜂窝状结构部的一端面延伸到另一端面以形成流体的流路,所述隔壁和所述外周壁含有:作为骨料的碳化硅粒子、和作为使所述碳化硅粒子结合的结合材料的硅,所述隔壁的厚度为50~200μm,孔格密度为50~150孔格/cm2,所述作为骨料的碳化硅粒子的平均粒子径为3~40μm,蜂窝状结构体在400℃下的体积电阻率为1~40Ωcm。
本发明第二方面提供如第一方面所述的蜂窝状结构体,相对于所述作为骨料的碳化硅粒子的质量和作为所述结合材料的硅的质量的合计,作为所述结合材料的硅的质量的比率为10~40质量%。
本发明第三方面提供如第一或第二方面所述的蜂窝状结构体,所述隔壁的气孔率为30~60%,所述隔壁的平均细孔径为2~20μm。
本发明第四方面提供如第一~第三方面所述的蜂窝状结构体,其中蜂窝状结构体在400℃下电阻为1~30Ω。
本发明第五方面提供如第一~第四方面中任一所述的蜂窝状结构体,其中所述隔壁的厚度为70~130μm,孔格密度为70~100孔格/cm2,所述隔壁的气孔率为35~45%,所述隔壁的平均细孔径为10~20μm,相对于所述作为骨料的碳化硅粒子的质量和作为所述结合材料的硅的质量的合计、作为所述结合材料的硅的质量的比率为15~35质量%,在400℃下体积电阻率为10~35Ωcm。
本发明第六方面提供第一~第五方面所述的蜂窝状结构体,其中与所述孔格的延伸方向正交的截面中的所述孔格的形状为四边形或六边形。
本发明的蜂窝状结构体由于在400℃下体积电阻率为1~40Ωcm,因此即使采用电压较高的电源使电流流过,也不会流过过剩电流,适合用作为加热器。又,由于隔壁厚度为50~200μm,因此即使将蜂窝状结构体用作为催化剂载体载持催化剂,也可抑制废气流过时的压力损失过大。
附图说明
图1是示意性显示本发明的蜂窝状结构体的一实施方式的立体图。
图2是显示本发明的蜂窝状结构体的一实施方式的与孔格的延伸方向平行的截面的示意图。
具体实施方式
接着虽然参考附图对实施本发明的实施方式进行详细说明,但本发明不限于以下实施方式,在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内,基于本领域技术人员的常识,可进行增加适当的设计变更、改良等。
(1)蜂窝状结构体:
本发明的蜂窝状结构体的一实施方式,如图1和图2所示,包括蜂窝状结构部4,该蜂窝状结构部4具有区隔形成作为流体的流路的从一端面11延伸到另一端面12的多个孔格2的多孔质的隔壁1,和位于最外周的(设置为包围隔壁1整体外周)外周壁3,隔壁1和外周壁3含有:作为骨料的碳化硅粒子(碳化硅)、和作为使碳化硅粒子结合的结合材料的硅,隔壁1的厚度为50~200μm,孔格密度为50~150孔格/cm2,作为骨料的碳化硅的平均粒子径为3~40μm,400℃下体积电阻率为1~40Ωcm。本实施方式的蜂窝状结构体100由蜂窝状结构部4构成。图1为示意性显示本发明的蜂窝状结构体的一实施方式的立体图。图2为显示本发明的蜂窝状结构体的一实施方式的平行于孔格的延伸方向的截面的示意图。
这样,本实施方式的蜂窝状结构体100,在400℃下体积电阻率为1~40Ωcm,因此,即使采用电压高的电源使得电流流过,也不会有过剩电流流过,适合用作为加热器。又,由于隔壁厚度为50~200μm,因此,即使载持催化剂用作为催化剂载体,也可抑制废气流过时的压力损失过大。
本实施方式的蜂窝状结构体100的隔壁1和外周壁3含有作为骨料的碳化硅粒子、和作为使碳化硅粒子结合的结合材料的硅。在本实施方式的蜂窝状结构体100中,多个碳化硅粒子在碳化硅粒子之间形成细孔,通过硅结合。
相对于作为骨料的碳化硅粒子的质量和作为结合材料的硅的质量的总和,作为结合材料的硅的质量的比率最好为10~40质量%,更好的是15~35质量%。如果比10质量%低的话,蜂窝状结构体的强度可能下降。比40质量%高的话,在烧成时可能难以保持形状。
本实施方式的蜂窝状结构体100的隔壁1和外周壁3,可以仅由作为骨料的碳化硅粒子、和作为使得碳化硅粒子结合的结合材料的硅形成,也可含有其他物质。作为包含在隔壁1和外周壁3中的其他物质,例举有锶等。
隔壁1的气孔率最好为30~60%,更好的是35~45%。气孔率不到30%的话,烧成时变形变大,并不理想。气孔率超过60%的话,蜂窝状结构体的强度下降,也不理想。气孔率为水银孔隙率计测定的值。
隔壁1的平均细孔径最好是2~20μm,更好的是10~20μm。平均细孔径小于2μm的话,体积电阻率过大,因此不理想。平均细孔径大于20μm的话,体积电阻率过小,因此不理想。平均细孔径为水银孔隙率计测定到的值。
作为骨料的碳化硅粒子的平均粒子径为3~40μm,最好为10~35μm。通过使得平均粒子径在此范围内,可使蜂窝状结构体100的400℃下的体积电阻率为1~40Ωcm。碳化硅粒子的平均粒子径小于3μm的话,蜂窝状结构体100的400℃下的体积电阻率变大,因此不理想。碳化硅粒子的平均粒子径大于40μm的话,蜂窝状结构体100的400℃下的体积电阻率变小,因此不理想。又,碳化硅粒子的平均粒子径比40μm大的话,在挤压成形蜂窝状成形体时,成形用原料可能会阻塞在挤压成形用的金属模具中,因此不理想。碳化硅粒子的平均粒子径为激光衍射法测定的值。
本实施方式的蜂窝状结构体100的400℃下的体积电阻率为1~40Ωcm,最好为10~35Ωcm。400℃下的体积电阻率小于1Ωcm的话,通过200V的电源对蜂窝状结构体100进行通电时,电流流动过剩,因此不理想。400℃下的体积电阻率大于40Ωcm的话,通过200V的电源对蜂窝状结构体100进行通电时,电流难以流动,无法充分发热,因此也不理想。蜂窝状结构体的400℃下的体积电阻率为二端子法测定的值。
又,蜂窝状结构体100的400℃下电阻最好为1~30Ω,更好的是10~25Ω。400℃下电阻比1Ω小的话,通过200V的电源对蜂窝状结构体100通电时,会导致电流流过过剩,因此不理想。400℃下电阻比30Ω大的话,通过200V的电源对蜂窝状结构体100通电时,电流难以流过,因此也不理想。蜂窝状结构体的400℃下的电阻为二端子法测定的值。
本实施方式的蜂窝状结构体100的隔壁厚度为50~200μm,最好为70~130μm。通过使得隔壁厚度在此范围内,即使蜂窝状结构体100用作催化剂载体载持催化剂,也可抑制废气流过时压力损失过大。隔壁厚度比50μm薄的话,蜂窝状结构体的强度下降,因此不理想。隔壁厚度比200μm厚的话,以蜂窝状结构体100作为催化剂载体,载持催化剂时,废气流过时的压力损失增大,因此不理想。
又,构成本实施方式的蜂窝状结构体100的最外周的外周壁3的厚度最好为0.1~2mm。比0.1mm薄的话,蜂窝状结构体100的强度可能下降。比2mm厚的话,载持催化剂的隔壁的面积可能变小。
本实施方式的蜂窝状结构体100的孔格密度为50~150孔格/cm2,最好是70~100孔格/cm2。通过使得孔格密度在此范围内,有获得废气流过时的压力损失和催化剂的净化性能的平衡这样的优点。孔格密度低于50孔格/cm2的话,催化剂载持面积变少,因此不理想。孔格密度比150孔格/cm2大的话,将蜂窝状结构体100用作催化剂载体载持催化剂时,废气流过时的压力损失变大,因此不理想。
本实施方式的蜂窝状结构体100的与孔格2的延伸方向正交的截面上的孔格2的形状最好是四边形或六边形。通过使得孔格形状为此形状,具有废气流过时的压力损失减小,催化剂的净化性能优越这样的优点。
本实施方式的蜂窝状结构体的形状没有特别限定,可以是例如,底面为圆形的筒状(圆筒形状)、底面为椭圆形状的筒状、底面为多边形(四边形、五边形、六边形、七边形、八边形等)的筒状等形状。又,关于蜂窝状结构体的大小,当蜂窝状结构体为筒状时,底面的面积最好是2000~20000mm2,更理想的是4000~10000mm2。又,蜂窝状结构体的中心轴方向的长度最好为50~200mm,更好的是75~150mm。
本实施方式的蜂窝状结构体100的等静压(ァィソスタティック)强度最好为1MPa以上。等静压强度不到1MPa的话,蜂窝状结构体用作催化剂载体等时,可能容易破损。等静压强度为在水中施加静水压测定的值。
(2)蜂窝状结构体的制造方法:
接着,对本发明的蜂窝状结构体的一实施方式的制造方法进行说明。
首先,在碳化硅粉末(碳化硅)中添加金属硅(金属硅粉末)、粘结剂、表面活性剂、造孔材料、水等制作成形原料。相对于碳化硅粉末的质量和金属硅的质量的总和,金属硅的质量最好为10~30质量%。碳化硅粉末中的碳化硅粒子的平均粒子径最好为3~40μm,更好的是10~35μm。金属硅(金属硅粉末)的平均粒子径最好为2~20μm。如果小于2μm的话,体积电阻率可能变得过小。如果大于20μm的话,体积电阻率可能变得过大。碳化硅粒子和金属硅(金属硅粒子)的平均粒子径为激光衍射法测定的值。碳化硅粒子为构成碳化硅粉末的碳化硅的微粒子,金属硅粒子为构成金属硅粉末的金属硅的微粒子。碳化硅粒子和金属硅的合计质量最好为相对于成形原料整体质量的30~78质量%。
作为粘结剂,可例举有,甲基纤维素、羟丙氧基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇等。其中,最好并用甲基纤维素和羟丙氧基纤维素。粘结剂的含有量相对于成形原料整体最好为2~10质量%。
水的含有量相对于成形原料整体,最好为20~60质量%。
作为表面活性剂,可采用乙二醇、糊精、脂肪酸皂、多元醇等。这些可单独使用一种,也可组合两种以上使用。表面活性剂的含有量最好为相对于成形原料整体为2质量%以下。
作为造孔材料没有特别限定,只要是烧成后形成为气孔的材料即可,例如,可例举有石墨、淀粉、发泡树脂、吸水性树脂、硅胶等。造孔材料的含有量最好为相对于成形原料整体为10质量%以下。造孔材料的平均粒子径最好为10~30μm。如果小于10μm,可能无法充分形成气孔。如果大于30μm,可能在成形时阻塞在金属模具。造孔材料的平均粒子径为激光衍射方法测定的值。
接着,对成形原料进行混炼形成坯土。混炼成形原料形成坯土的方法没有特别限制,例如,可以例举采用捏合机、真空混砂机等的方法。
接着,对坯土挤压成形形成蜂窝状成形体。挤压成形时,最好采用具有希望的整体形状、孔格形状、隔壁厚度、孔格密度等的金属模具。金属模具的材质最好采用耐摩耗的超硬合金。蜂窝状成形体是具有区隔形成作为流体的流路的多个孔格的多孔质隔壁和位于最外周的外周壁的结构。
蜂窝状成形体的隔壁厚度、孔格密度、外周壁的厚度等,考虑在干燥、烧成中的收缩,并配合要制作的本发明的蜂窝状结构体的结构进行确定。
对于得到的蜂窝状成形体最好在烧成前进行干燥。干燥的方法没有特别限定,例如,可例举有微波加热干燥、高频介电加热干燥等的电磁波加热方式、和热风干燥、过热水蒸气干燥等外部加热方式。其中,从使成形体整体迅速均匀地、不产生裂纹地干燥的目的出发,最好以电磁波加热方式使一定量的水分干燥后,以外部加热方式对剩下水分进行干燥。作为干燥条件,最好在电磁波加热方式下,相对于干燥前的水分量除去30~99质量%的水分后,在外部加热方式下,使水分在3质量%以下。电磁波加热方式最好是介电加热干燥,外部加热方式最好是热风干燥。
接着,当蜂窝状成形体的中心轴方向长度不是所希望的长度时,最好切断两端面(两端部)使其为所希望的长度。切断方法没有特别限定,可例举有使用圆盘锯切割机等的方法。
接着,最好烧成蜂窝状成形体,以制作如图1、图2所示的蜂窝状结构体100。烧成前,为了除去粘结剂等,最好进行预烧成。预烧成最好在大气气氛中,在400~500℃下,进行0.5~20小时。预烧成和烧成的方法没有特别限定,可采用电气炉、燃气炉等进行烧成。烧成条件为最好在氮气、氩气等惰性气氛中,在1400~1500℃下,加热1~20小时。又,烧成后,为了使耐久性提高,在1200~1350℃下,进行1~10小时的氧化处理。
【实施例】
下面,通过实施例对本发明进行更加详细的说明,但本发明不被这些实施例进行任何限定。
(实施例1)
作为陶瓷原料,碳化硅(SiC)粉末和金属硅(Si)粉末以80∶20的质量比例混合,对此,添加作为烧结助剂的碳酸锶、作为粘结剂的羟丙基甲基纤维素、作为造孔材料的吸水性树脂以及水作为成形原料,混炼成形原料,以真空混砂机制作圆柱状的坯土。粘结剂的含有量为相对于碳化硅(SiC)粉末和金属硅(Si)粉末的合计为7质量%,碳酸锶的含有量为相对于碳化硅(SiC)粉末和金属硅(Si)粉末的合计为1质量%,造孔材料的含有量为相对碳化硅(SiC)粉末和金属硅(Si)粉末的合计为3质量%,水的含有量相对于碳化硅(SiC)粉末和金属硅(Si)粉末的合计为42质量%。碳化硅粉末的平均粒子径为20μm,金属硅粉末的平均粒子径为6μm。又,造孔材料的平均粒子径为20μm。碳化硅、金属硅和造孔材料的平均粒子径为激光衍射法测定得到的值。
通过挤压成形机对得到的圆柱状坯土进行成形,得到蜂窝状成形体。得到的蜂窝状成形体在高频介电加热干燥后,以热风干燥机在120℃下干燥2小时,并对两端面切断规定量。
得到的蜂窝状成形体在大气气氛下用带除臭装置的大气炉进行550℃下3小时的脱脂,之后,在Ar惰性气氛下以大约1450℃烧成2小时,然后,在1300℃下进行1小时氧化处理。获得通过Si结合了SiC结晶粒子的多孔质的蜂窝状结构体。
得到的蜂窝状结构体的平均细孔径为8.6μm,气孔率为45%。平均细孔径和气孔率为水银孔隙率计测定的值。又,蜂窝状结构体的隔壁的厚度为90μm,孔格密度为90孔格/cm2。又,蜂窝状结构体的底面为直径93mm的圆形,蜂窝状结构体的孔格延伸方向的长度为100mm。又,得到的蜂窝状结构体的等静压强度为2.5MPa。等静压强度为在水中施加静水压测得的破环强度。
对于得到的蜂窝状结构体,用以下方法求得“400℃下体积电阻率(体积电阻率)”、“蜂窝状结构体的电阻(载体电阻)”、“电流值稳定性”和“压力损失”。结果如表1所示。在表1中,“电流值稳定性”栏的“A”表示电流以30~100A稳定流动。又,“B”表示电流可能为“20A以上、不到30A”或“超过100A、700A以下”。又,“C”表示电流可能“不到20A”或“超过700A”,非常不稳定。A和B为合格,C为不合格。又,表1中,“压力损失”栏的“A”表示开口率80%以上。“B”表示开口率不到80%。
(体积电阻率)
以与蜂窝状结构体相同的材质制作10mm×10mm×50mm的试验片。在两端部整面涂布银糊,并布线以使其能够通电。在试验片上连接电压施加电流测定装置并施加电压。在试验片中央部设置热电偶,通过记录器确认施加电压时试验片温度的经时变化。施加100~200V的电压,计算试验片温度为400℃时所流过的电流值和电压值,根据试验片尺寸计算体积电阻率。
(载体电阻)
在底面(端面)为直径93mm的圆形,孔格的延伸方向的长度为100mm的蜂窝状结构体(载体)的侧面,涂布银糊,并进行布线以使其能够通电。在试验片上连接电压施加电流测定装置并施加电压。用热电偶,测定施加600V电压时载体内的温度分布(蜂窝状结构体内均匀地对39处进行温度测定)、载体内的平均温度到达400℃时,根据流过的电流值和电压值计算载体电阻。
(电流值稳定性)
与上述“载体电阻”的试验相同,施加600V电压,测定载体内的平均温度为400℃时流过的电流值。
(压力损失)
蜂窝状结构体的压力损失通过蜂窝状结构体的截面的开口率评价。开口率为,与蜂窝状结构体的“孔格的延伸方向”正交的截面中的“孔格(开口部)的合计面积”相对于蜂窝状结构体的截面积(与孔格的延伸方向正交的截面的面积)的比率。
【表1】
(实施例2~23、比较例1,2)
“SiC平均粒子径(μm)”、“SiC配比量(质量%)”、“Si平均粒子径(μm)”、“Si配比量(质量%)”、“造孔材料平均粒子径(μm)”、“造孔材料含有量(造孔材料)(质量%)”、“水含有量(水)(质量%)”、“隔壁的气孔率(气孔率)(%)”、“隔壁的平均细孔径(平均细孔径)(μm)”、“隔壁厚度(μm)”、“孔格密度(孔格/cm2)”和“孔格形状”除了如表1所示进行变化之外,制作与实施例1相同的蜂窝状结构体。与实施例1的情况同样地,测定“蜂窝状结构体的体积电阻率(体积电阻率)(Ωcm)”、“蜂窝状结构体的电阻(载体电阻)(Ω)”、“电流值稳定性”和“压力损失”。结果如表1所示。
又,“SiC配比量(质量%)”表示碳化硅相对于碳化硅和金属硅的合计质量的配比比率,“Si配比量(质量%)”表示金属硅相对于碳化硅和金属硅的合计质量的配比比率。又,“造孔材料含有量(造孔材料)(质量%)”表示相对于成形原料整体,造孔材料的配比比率,“水含有量(水)(质量%)”表示相对于成形原料整体,水的配比比率。又,“孔格形状”表示与孔格的延伸方向正交的截面上孔格的形状。
根据表1可知,碳化硅的平均粒子径为3~40μm的话,蜂窝状结构体的体积电阻率为1~40Ωcm。又,可知,碳化硅的平均粒子径比3μm小的话,蜂窝状结构体的体积电阻率变得过大。又,碳化硅的平均粒子径大于40μm的话,蜂窝状结构体的体积电阻率变得过小。又,比较例1的蜂窝状结构体,由于碳化硅的平均粒子径较大,因此隔壁产生了较多缺陷。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的蜂窝状结构体在化学、电力、钢铁等各个领域中,适合用作为用于净化内燃机排出的废气的催化剂装置用的载体。
符号说明
1:隔壁、2:孔格、3:外周壁、4:蜂窝状结构部、11:一端面、12:另一端面、100:蜂窝状结构体。

Claims (6)

1.一种蜂窝状结构体,包括蜂窝状结构部,该蜂窝状结构部具有区隔形成多个孔格的多孔质的隔壁和位于最外周的外周壁,该多个孔格从该蜂窝状结构部的一端面延伸到另一端面以形成流体的流路,其特征在于,
所述隔壁和所述外周壁含有:作为骨料的碳化硅粒子、和作为使所述碳化硅粒子结合的结合材料的硅,
所述隔壁的厚度为50~200μm,孔格密度为50~150孔格/cm2,所述作为骨料的碳化硅粒子的平均粒子径为3~40μm,该蜂窝状结构体在400℃下的体积电阻率为1~40Ωcm。
2.如权利要求1所述的蜂窝状结构体,其特征在于,相对于所述作为骨料的碳化硅粒子的质量和作为所述结合材料的硅的质量的合计,作为所述结合材料的硅的质量的比率为10~40质量%。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的蜂窝状结构体,其特征在于,所述隔壁的气孔率为30~60%,所述隔壁的平均细孔径为2~20μm。
4.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的蜂窝状结构体,其特征在于,该蜂窝状结构体在400℃下电阻为1~30Ω。
5.如权利要求1~4中任一项所述的蜂窝状结构体,其特征在于,所述隔壁的厚度为70~130μm,孔格密度为70~100孔格/cm2,所述隔壁的气孔率为35~45%,所述隔壁的平均细孔径为10~20μm,相对于所述作为骨料的碳化硅粒子的质量和作为所述结合材料的硅的质量的合计、作为所述结合材料的硅的质量的比率为15~35质量%,在400℃下体积电阻率为10~35Ωcm。
6.如权利要求1~5中任一项所述的蜂窝状结构体,其特征在于,与所述孔格的延伸方向正交的截面中的所述孔格的形状为四边形或六边形。
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