CN102558508A - 低温可固化环氧组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2010年9月1日提交的序列号61/378,995的美国临时申请的优先权,其公开的全部内容在此通过引用引入。
背景技术
本发明的主题涉及以酚醛树脂封闭(block)的、具有一个伯胺或仲胺和至少两个叔胺的甲基化聚亚烷基多胺的环氧加合物,其作为热固化环氧树脂的固化剂或促进剂。这些组合物在环氧树脂体系中作为固化剂或促进剂可以提供低活化温度和良好的贮存稳定性。
传统的可固化环氧树脂组合物描述于US 4,689,390、US 4,977,201、US5,200,494和EP 0590677中;上述文献的公开内容在此通过引用引入。热固化环氧领域需要提供低活化温度、良好的贮存稳定性的促进剂和固化剂。已经发现,本发明的以酚醛树脂封闭的、具有一个伯胺或仲胺和至少两个叔胺的甲基化聚亚烷基多胺的环氧加合物在环氧体系中提供了低温度固化及良好的贮存稳定性和机械强度。
发明概述
本发明通过提供促进剂或固化剂解决了与传统环氧固化剂有关的问题,所述促进剂或固化剂包含(a)酚醛树脂和(b)改性胺化合物的接触或反应产物,所述改性胺化合物是环氧树脂和下述通式的具有一个伯胺或仲胺和至少两个叔胺的甲基化聚亚烷基多胺的反应产物
其中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5表示氢,甲基或乙基;n和m独立地为1至10的整数;和X为1至10的整数。
(a)通式(A)的酚醛树脂
其中R1、R2、R3、R4各自独立地表示氢或者具有1至17个碳原子的未支化的或支化的烷基;和n为0至50的整数。
本发明的一方面,甲基化聚亚烷基多胺包括其中R1为H,R2、R3、R4和R5为CH3,n和m为3和X为1的化合物。
发明详述
本发明广泛地涉及用于交联或固化包含环氧树脂的体系的化合物和组合物。本发明的促进剂或固化剂可包含环氧树脂、环氧固化剂和,如果需要,用于环氧固化剂的促进剂的接触产物,固化剂或促进剂包括(a)酚醛树脂和(b)改性胺化合物的反应产物,所述(a)酚醛树脂的通式为:
其中R1、R2、R3、R4各自独立地为氢或者具有1至17个碳原子的未支化的或支化的烷基,和n为0至50的整数;所述改性胺化合物是环氧树脂和下述通式的具有一个伯胺或仲胺和至少两个叔胺的甲基化聚亚烷基多胺的反应产物;
其中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5表示氢,甲基或乙基;n和m独立地为1至10的整数;和X为1至10的整数。
本发明的一方面,甲基化聚亚烷基多胺包括其中R1为H,R2、R3、R4和R5为CH3,n和m为3和X为1的化合物。
本发明的另一方面,酚醛树脂为酚醛清漆树脂,通过苯酚与醛(特别是甲醛)缩合形成的化合物。酚醛清漆树脂为单或二醛(更通常地为甲醛)与单或多酚材料的反应产物。可利用的单酚材料的实例包括苯酚、甲酚、对叔丁基苯酚、壬基酚、辛基酚、其它烷基和苯基取代的苯酚。多酚材料包括各种二酚,包括双酚A和双酚F。用于酚醛清漆的醛包括甲醛、乙二醛和最高达约C4的高级醛。酚醛清漆典型地为具有不同羟基官能度的复杂混合物。
此处使用的术语“接触产物”或“反应产物”描述了组合物,其中的组分以任意顺序、任意方式和在任意时间长度内一起接触,包括两种或多种组分可以相互反应而产生其它组分的可能性。例如,所述组分可通过共混和混合接触。进一步地,任意组分的接触可在存在或缺乏此处描述的组合物或配方中的任意其它组分的情况下发生。可通过本领域技术人员已知的任意方法混合附加的材料或组分。进一步地,术语“接触产物”包括混合物、共混物、溶液、分散体、浆液、反应产物等等、或其组合。
可使用本发明的促进剂和固化剂交联或固化任意合适的含有环氧树脂的体系。可通过本发明的固化剂固化的合适的环氧树脂的实例包括至少一种多官能环氧树脂。此处使用的多官能环氧树脂描述了每个分子中含有2个或更多1,2-环氧基团的化合物。这种类型的环氧化合物为本领域技术人员所公知,并描述在Y.Tanaka,“Synthesis and Characteristics of Epoxides”,在C.A.May,ed.,Epoxy Resins Chemistry and Technology(Marcel Dekker,1988)中,其在此通过引用引入。
适用于本发明的一类环氧树脂包括多元酚的缩水甘油醚,其包括二羟基酚的缩水甘油醚。示例性的实例包括,但不限于间苯二酚的缩水甘油醚、对苯二酚的缩水甘油醚、双-(4-羟基-3,5-二氟苯基)-甲烷的缩水甘油醚、1,1-双-(4-羟基苯基)-乙烷的缩水甘油醚、2,2-双-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-丙烷的缩水甘油醚、2,2-双-(4-羟基-3,5-二氯苯基)-丙烷的缩水甘油醚、2,2-双-(4-羟基苯基)-丙烷(商业上称为双酚A)的缩水甘油醚、双-(4-羟基苯基)-甲烷(商业上称为双酚F,并且其可以包含变化量的2-羟基苯基异构体)的缩水甘油醚等等或其任意组合。另外,下列结构的高级(advanced)二羟基酚在本发明中也可以是有用的,
其中,m为整数,和R为二羟基酚的二价烃基,例如上述所列的那些二羟基酚。依照该通式的材料可通过聚合二羟基酚和环氧氯丙烷的混合物或通过高级化(advancing)二羟基酚的二缩水甘油醚和二羟基酚的混合物制备。虽然在任意给定的分子中m值为整数,但所述材料不变地为可通过不一定为整数的平均值m表征的混合物。m的平均值为0至约7的聚合材料可用于本发明的一个方面中。
另一方面,环氧酚醛清漆树脂(其是酚醛清漆树脂的缩水甘油醚)可用作符合本发明的多官能环氧树脂。在再另一方面,所述至少一种多官能环氧树脂为双酚A的二缩水甘油醚(DGEBA)、高级的或更高分子量类型的DGEBA、双酚F的二缩水甘油醚、环氧酚醛清漆树脂、或其任意组合。DGEBA的更高分子量类型或衍生物通过高级化过程(advancement process)制备,其中过量的DGEBA与双酚A反应以产生环氧封闭的产物。该产物的环氧当量重量(EEW)为约450至3000或更高。因为这些产物在室温下是固体,其常常被称为固体环氧树脂。
由于其低成本和通常高性能的结合,DGEBA或高级DGEBA树脂常常用于涂料配方中。EEW为约174至约250以及更通常为约185至约195的商业级DGEBA很容易获得。在这些低分子量下,环氧树脂为液体并常常被称为液体环氧树脂。本领域技术人员理解大部分级别的液体环氧树脂是轻微聚合的,因为纯的DGEBA具有174的EEW。EEW为250至450并且通常通过高级化过程制备的树脂被称为半固体环氧树脂,因为在室温下它们为固体和液体的混合物。通常地,具有基于固体约160至约750的EEW的多官能树脂可用于本发明中。另一方面,多官能环氧树脂具有约170至约250的EEW。
取决于其最终用途,通过改变环氧组分降低本发明组合物的粘度可能是有益的。例如,可降低粘度以允许配方或组合物中的颜料水平的增加而同时仍允许容易应用,或者以允许使用更高分子量的环氧树脂。因此,包含至少一种多官能环氧树脂的环氧组合物还进一步包含单官能环氧化物也在本发明的范围内。单环氧化物的实例包括但不限于氧化苯乙烯、氧化环己烯、氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯、氧化丁烯以及苯酚的缩水甘油醚、甲酚的缩水甘油醚、叔丁基苯酚的缩水甘油醚、其它烷基苯酚的缩水甘油醚、丁醇的缩水甘油醚、2-乙基己醇的缩水甘油醚、C4至C14醇的缩水甘油醚等等,或其组合。多官能环氧树脂也可与为水、有机溶剂、或者其混合物的稀释剂一起存在于溶液或乳液中。
本发明的另一方面,使用本发明的产物作为与固化剂一起使用的促进剂。虽然可使用任意固化剂,合适的固化剂的实例包括双氰胺和酸酐。
本发明的固化剂和环氧树脂的比率可为,基于100重量份的环氧树脂,固化剂或促进剂约为0.3至50重量份。
本发明的固化剂可用于交联或固化热固化的环氧树脂体系,所述热固化环氧树脂体系用于单组分热固化液体、糊和膜粘合剂、涂料(包括粉末涂料、复合材料用预浸料)以及其它合适的用途。
虽然可使用任何合适的时间和温度来固化包含环氧树脂的组合物,但由于可使用约120℃至约160℃的固化温度,因此理想的是在约80℃至约240℃的温度下固化组合物。
本发明的组合物可用于各种应用中。取决于最终用途的需要,可在配方和组合物中使用各种添加剂以适应于特定的性能。这些添加剂包括但不限于,溶剂(包括水)、促进剂、增塑剂、填料、纤维例如玻璃或碳纤维、颜料、颜料分散剂、流变改性剂、触变剂、流动或均化助剂、表面活性剂、消泡剂、生物杀灭剂或其任意组合。如果需要,本发明的组合物可用作固化剂或促进剂。应当理解,本领域已知的其它混合物或材料可包括在组合物或配方中,且在本发明的范围内的。
下列实施例用于举例说明本发明的某些方面,且不应限制所附的权利要求的范围。
用于下列实施例的材料:
聚(N-甲基)氮杂环丁烷-来自于Air Products and Chemicals,Inc.
Epon 828和Epon 834-来自于Hexion
Cab-O-Sil M-5来自于Cabot
CTBN/Epon 8282加合物(HyPox RA1340)来自于CVC
酚醛树脂-(AlNovol PN320)来自于Cytec Specia1ty Chemicals
实施例1
在配备有机械搅拌器、热电偶、电加热套和氮气吹扫器的3L的四颈玻璃容器中加入378g N’-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-N,N-二甲基-丙烷-1,3-二胺。将该容器在氮气氛下加热至80℃。一旦温度稳定,在2-3小时内计量加入189.7克Epon 828。加入完成后将混合物保持在80℃下2个小时。在20min内将温度缓慢升高至150-160℃,并在60-90min内加入735g酚醛树脂。混合物在搅拌下保持在160℃再1小时。
在以上温度下从反应器倒出产物,并在开始研磨过程前使其冷却至室温。通过首先把产物破碎为小片,然后使用咖啡研磨机研磨并最终喷磨至所需粒径而研磨产物。
实施例2
在装备有机械搅拌器、热电偶、电加热套和氮气器吹扫的3L的四颈玻璃容器中加入9g聚(N-甲基)氮杂环丁烷。在氮气下将容器加热至80℃。一旦温度稳定下来,在2-3小时内计量加入10.1g Epon 828。加入完成后将混合物保持在80℃2个小时。在20min内将温度缓慢升高至150-160℃,并在60-90min内加入17g酚醛树脂。混合物在搅拌下保持在160℃再1小时。在以上温度下从反应器倒出产物,并在开始研磨过程前使其冷却至室温。
实施例3
在装备有机械搅拌器、热电偶、电加热套和氮气吹扫器的3L的四颈玻璃容器中加入9g聚(N-甲基)氮杂环丁烷。将容器在氮气下加热至80℃。一旦温度稳定下来,在2-3小时内计量加入10.1g Epon 834。加入完成后将混合物保持在80℃2个小时。在20min内将温度缓慢升高至150-160℃,并在60-90min内加入9g酚醛树脂。混合物在搅拌下保持在160℃再1小时。在以上温度下从反应器倒出产物,并在开始研磨过程前使其冷却至室温。
通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测定实施例1-3作为环氧固化剂的固化特性。环氧配方包含双酚A的多缩水甘油醚树脂(Epon 828),5phr(100重量份树脂中的重量份)促进剂和6phr双氰胺作为固化剂。得到的混合物使用高剪切整流罩叶片式混合器(high sheer cowls blade mixer)彻底混合2分钟。混合物在制备之后立即通过DSC进行检验以确定开始温度(onset temperature)、放热峰值、反应热和玻璃态转化温度(Tg)。使用10℃/分钟的斜坡加热速率对约10-15毫克的样品材料进行DSC分析。得到的数据示于表1中。
表1
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | |
开始温度(℃) | 130 | 145 | 129 |
峰值(℃) | 154 | 158 | 152 |
反应热(J/g) | 296 | 331 | 283 |
Tg(℃) | 132 | 128 | 128 |
使用包含双酚A的多缩水甘油醚树脂(Epon 828)、5phr的促进剂、6phr的双氰胺作为固化剂和1%的火成二氧化硅的环氧配方,在25℃和40℃下研究实施例1、2作为促进剂的潜伏期或贮存期(pot-life)。使用高剪切整流罩叶片式混合器将得到的混合物彻底混合2分钟,冷却至25℃,并使用布氏粘度计测量初始粘度。样品储存在25℃下,并测量粘度随时间的变化。得到的数据示于表2中。
表2
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | |
贮存期(25℃) | >1年 | >1年 | >1年 |
通过ASTM标准试验D1002和D1876,使用1”x4”E-涂布的试片(coupon),0.5”重叠,10密耳粘合线厚度和固化10’150℃金属温度,测试橡胶改性配方的搭接剪切强度(lap shear)和剥离强度。环氧配方包含77.5g双酚A的多缩水甘油醚树脂(Epon 828)、37.5g CTBN/Epon 828加合物、6g AmicureCG1200G、5g实施例1-3和2g Cab-O-Sil M-5。得到的数据示于表3中。
表3
Claims (8)
1.一种组合物,其包含:
至少一种以酚醛树脂封闭的、具有一个伯胺或仲胺和至少两个叔胺的甲基化聚亚烷基多胺的环氧加合物。
3.权利要求1或2的组合物在热固化环氧树脂中作为固化剂或促进剂。
4.权利要求2或3的组合物,其中环氧树脂包括选自以下组中的至少一种:多官能环氧树脂、多羟基酚的缩水甘油醚、二羟基酚的缩水甘油醚,间苯二酚的缩水甘油醚、对苯二酚的缩水甘油醚、双-(4-羟基-3,5-二氟苯基)-甲烷的缩水甘油醚、1,1-双-(4-羟基苯基)-乙烷的缩水甘油醚、2,2-双-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-丙烷的缩水甘油醚、2,2-双-(4-羟基-3,5-二氯苯基)-丙烷的缩水甘油醚、2,2-双-(4-羟基苯基)-丙烷的缩水甘油醚和双-(4-羟基苯基)-甲烷的缩水甘油醚。
5.权利要求4的组合物,其中所述二羟基酚具有下列结构;
其中,m为整数,和R为二羟基酚的二价烃基,例如上述所列的那些二羟基酚。
6.权利要求4的组合物,其中多官能环氧树脂包括酚醛清漆树脂的缩水甘油醚。
7.权利要求4的组合物,其中多官能环氧树脂包括选自以下组的至少一种:双酚A的二缩水甘油醚(DGEBA)、高级的或更高分子量类型的DGEBA、双酚F的二缩水甘油醚、环氧酚醛清漆树脂或其任意组合。
8.权利要求4-7任一项的组合物,其中多官能环氧树脂进一步包括选自以下组的至少一种:氧化苯乙烯、氧化环己烯、氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯、氧化丁烯和苯酚的缩水甘油醚、甲酚的缩水甘油醚、叔丁基苯酚的缩水甘油醚、其它烷基苯酚的缩水甘油醚、丁醇的缩水甘油醚、2-乙基己醇的缩水甘油醚、C4至C14醇等等的缩水甘油醚,或其组合。
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CN113402731A (zh) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-09-17 | 山西生物质新材料产业研究院有限公司 | 一种基于酶解木质素的固化促进剂、制备方法及其应用 |
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EP3660069B1 (de) * | 2018-11-29 | 2024-01-03 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Schnell härtende epoxysysteme |
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