CN102549800B - 用于容纳能量存储装置的容纳装置和方法 - Google Patents

用于容纳能量存储装置的容纳装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN102549800B
CN102549800B CN201080045215.5A CN201080045215A CN102549800B CN 102549800 B CN102549800 B CN 102549800B CN 201080045215 A CN201080045215 A CN 201080045215A CN 102549800 B CN102549800 B CN 102549800B
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layer
internal volume
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CN102549800A (zh
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M·M·伯鲁曼德
D·A·鲍恩
K·O·高
C·J·约翰逊
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Boeing Co
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Abstract

本发明涉及容纳装置(10)，其包括限定内部体积(16)和到内部体积(16)中的开口(18)的盖体(12)，盖体(12)被形成为包括至少第一层(24)和第二层(26)的分层结构，第一层(24)包括纺织陶瓷纤维织物并且第二层(26)包括聚丙烯腈氧化纤维。

Description

用于容纳能量存储装置的容纳装置和方法
技术领域
本专利申请涉及用于容纳能量存储装置的安全装置和方法，并且更具体地涉及用于在热逸散期间容纳从能量存储装置释放的能量的装置和方法。
背景技术
高能量密度能量存储装置每单位质量能够存储相对高量的电能。例如，锂离子电池可能能够每公斤电池提供150瓦。相反，铅酸电池可能每公斤电池只能够供给25瓦。因此，当总重量是考虑因素时，高能量密度能量存储装置尤其引人注意，例如在商用飞机和个人电子产品上。
然而，热逸散是高能量密度能量存储装置的重要挑战，例如锂离子电池。在锂离子电池的热逸散期间，放热反应产生高温和压力。因此，已经对可能经历热逸散的能量存储装置的使用和运输强加各种限制。
尽管存在相关挑战，但高能量密度能量存储装置的显著的重量优点继续驱动对这些能量存储装置的需求。应对与有热逸散倾向的能量存储装置关联的挑战的一个现有方法包括使用基于金属的遮蔽物在发热情况期间容纳排气。然而，这种遮蔽物显著地增加了总重量。另一种方法包括隔离能量存储装置与其他设备和动力装置，由此需要大量且沉重的布线连接到所隔离的能量存储装置。
因此，本领域技术人员继续寻找用于最小化与能量存储装置关联的危险的新的方法。
发明内容
在一个方面，所公开的容纳装置可以包括限定内部体积和到内部体积中的开口的盖体，盖体形成为包括至少第一层和第二层的分层结构，第一层包括纺织陶瓷纤维织物(woven ceramic fabric)并且第二层包括聚丙烯腈氧化纤维(oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber)。
在另一个方面，所公开的容纳装置可以包括限定内部体积和到内部体积中的开口的盖体，盖体形成为包括至少第一层和第二层的分层结构，第一层包括纺织硼硅酸铝纤维(woven alumina borosilicate fiber)并且第二层包括聚丙烯腈氧化纤维和结构加强纤维，该装置还包括被配置为啮合该开口从而封闭内部体积的密封件。
在另一个方面，广泛涉及任何类型的移动装置或者平台的交通工具可以按照本公开配置，从而包括由交通工具携带的能量存储装置、限定内部体积和到内部体积中的开口的盖体、以及密封件，该能量存储装置被配置为供给电力到交通工具，能量存储装置被容纳在内部体积中，其中盖体形成为包括至少第一层和第二层的分层结构，第一层包含纺织硼硅酸铝纤维，并且第二层包括聚丙烯腈氧化纤维和结构加强纤维，密封件被配置为啮合开口从而在内部体积内封闭能量存储装置。
在另一个方面，用于容纳能量存储装置的所公开方法可以包括以下步骤：提供限定内部体积并包括到内部体积中的开口的盖体，该盖体被形成为包括至少第一层和第二层的分层结构，第一层包含纺织陶瓷纤维织物并且第二层包括聚丙烯腈氧化纤维；将能量存储装置放置在内部体积中；并且在放置步骤后密封开口。
所公开的用于容纳能量存储装置的容纳装置及其方法的其他方面根据下列描述、附图和权利要求将会显而易见。
附图说明
图1是打开构造中所示的所公开的用于能量存储装置的容纳装置的一个方面的示意图；
图2是密封构造中所示的图1的所公开的容纳装置的示意图；
图3是密封构造中所示的所公开的用于能量存储装置的容纳装置的可替换方面的示意图；
图4是图2所示的一部分容纳装置的横截面视图；
图5是根据本公开的另一个方面的一部分容纳装置的横截面视图；
图6是图示说明用于容纳能量存储装置的所公开的方法的一个方面的流程图；和
图7是容纳经历热逸散的能量存储装置的示例性容纳装置的内外侧温度的图形说明。
具体实施方式
参考图1和图2，大体用10标示的所公开的用于能量存储装置的容纳装置的一个方面可以包括保护盖体12和密封件14。保护盖体12可以限定内部体积16和开口18，开口18可以提供入口到内部体积16。密封件14可以被配置为密封开口18，使得能量存储装置20可以被封闭在内部体积16的内部。
开口18和密封件14可以被配置为允许电线或类似物延伸穿过开口18，使得当能量存储装置20被封闭在容纳装置10中时可以放电。可选地，可以提供通过保护盖体12的额外端口(未示出)，从而便于电连接。
能量存储装置20可以是能够存储电能的任何装置，例如电池。在一个具体方面，能量存储装置20可以是高能量密度电池，例如锂离子电池。在另一个具体方面，能量存储装置20可以是包括第一族或者第二族金属(例如锂)的任何电池。
在一个方面，如图1和图2中所示，密封件14可以是被配置为覆盖开口18的挡板。可选附连机构22可以放置在密封件14与保护盖体12之间，从而便于密封件14与保护盖体12之间的固定啮合。例如，附连机构22可以是钩环紧固件，其中钩环紧固件的第一部分22A被紧固到保护盖体12，并且钩环紧固件的相应的第二部分22B被紧固到密封件14。用于将密封件14紧固到保护盖体12的附连机构22的其他示例包括按扣、按钮和带扣。
参考图3，在一个替换的方面，所公开的容纳装置10′的密封件14′可以是已经紧固到保护盖体12的拉链紧固件。因此，当拉链紧固件未被拉上时，可以形成开口18′，并且当拉链紧固件被拉上时，可以密封开口18′。
在这一点上，本领域技术人员应当理解，用词“密封件”广泛地涉及能够密封到由保护盖体12限定的内部体积16中的开口18的任何装置或者特征件，从而抑制容纳装置10内部的能量存储装置20经受放热事件时可能的大量热的等离子体、气体和碎片的溢出。
保护盖体12可以被构造为具有各种样式和几何形状，其可以由容纳能量存储装置20所要求的内部体积16的尺寸和形状决定。内部体积16可以被构造为略微大于能量存储装置20，从而提供用于接收在放热事件期间从能量存储装置20放出的等离子体、气体和碎片的空间。在一个特定的方面，保护盖体12可以通过将所公开的分层结构(下面讨论)的两个面板紧固在一起，例如，通过缝合(纤维穿线)，来形成为包袋。在第二个特定的方面，保护盖体12可以通过将所公开的分层结构的多个面板紧固在一起而形成为三维直线主体。通过阅读本公开，其他样式和几何形状将对本领域技术人员变得显而易见。
现在参考图4，保护盖体12可以由包含至少第一层24和第二层26的分层结构形成。例如，第二层26可以放置在第一层24与内部体积16之间。在一个特定的方面，如图5所示，第二层26可以夹在第一层24与第三层28之间。在这一点上，本领域技术人员应当理解，可以通过有规则地/均匀地或者随机地替换各层24、26来包括附加层，而不偏离本公开的范围。在另一个特定的方面，形成保护盖体12的分层结构可以包括邻近高应力区(例如具有经受排气的高可能性的区域)的附加层24、26，从而为容纳装置10提供额外的结构增强。
第一层24可以由纺织无机纤维织物形成或者可以包括纺织无机纤维织物，例如纺织陶瓷纤维织物。在一个方面，纺织陶瓷纤维织物可以包括纺织硼硅酸铝纤维。例如，第一层24可以由NEXTELTM纺织纤维织物形成，或者可以包括NEXTELTM纺织纤维织物，该织物来自明尼苏达州圣保罗公司的3M公司。在一个具体实例中，第一层24可以由NEXTELTM纺织纤维织物312形成或者可以包括NEXTELTM纺织纤维织物312。
第二层26可以是有机物或者是来自于有机物的纤维织物。在一个方面，第二层可以由包含聚丙烯腈氧化纤维和选择性的一种或更多种结构加强纤维的纤维织物形成，或者可以包括该纤维织物。结构加强纤维的示例包括聚苯并咪唑(polybenzimidazole)、聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(polyphenylene-2，6-benzobisoxazole)、变性聚丙烯腈对位芳纶(modacrylic p-aramid)、聚间芳酰胺(m-aramid)、聚卤乙烯(polyvinylhalides)、毛织品、耐火聚酯(fire resistant polyesters)、耐火尼龙、耐火人造纤维、棉花和三聚氰胺(melamine)。例如，第二层26可以由阻燃纤维织物形成或者可以包括阻燃纤维织物，该织物来自于犹他州盐湖城的Chapman热产品公司。可以形成或者包括在第二层26中的其他示例性材料在美国专利No.6,287,686中描述，其全部内容合并于此以供参考。在一个具体示例中，第二层26可以由C-59阻燃纤维织物形成或者可以包括C-59阻燃纤维织物。
第三层28可以由相同或类似于形成第一层24的材料形成。
不限制于任何特定理论，普遍相信使用例如NEXTELTM纺织纤维织物的纺织陶瓷纤维织物为保护盖体12的分层结构提供了机械强度和耐高温性。此外，不限制于任何特定理论，普遍相信使用由聚丙烯腈氧化纤维形成的纤维织物，例如阻燃纤维织物，为保护盖体12的分层结构提供了额外的耐高温性，以及耐气体扩散性。因此，不限制于任何特定理论，普遍相信，通过允许气体通过纤维织物的微孔排出，而不是在集中的羽流(plume)或者等离子体中，同时容纳热的高速碎片，如上所述的具有至少第一层24和第二层26的保护盖体12能够容纳放热事件。
参考图4和5，形成保护盖体12的层24、26、28可以与缝线30紧固在一起，其可以为保护盖体12提供衍缝(qulited)分层结构。缝线30可能由耐热穿线形成，例如纤维穿线。在这一点上，本领域技术人员应当理解形成保护盖体12的层24、26、28可以使用除了缝合以外的技术被紧固到一起，例如热粘合剂。
一种示例性的容纳装置10被准备为分层结构制成的直线箱体，其包括放置在两层NEXTELTM纺织纤维织物312之间的C-59阻燃纤维织物层。分层结构的面板在使用在每英寸10针的双行穿线的工业压脚式缝纫机(industrial walking-foot sewing machine)上被缝合在一起。电池终端端口在容纳装置中形成，并且50安培-小时锂离子电池被插入内部体积中。电池终端通过盖体中的端口电耦合到试验机，并且启动热逸散。在排气期间，电池排出火焰和大约1磅的电解液材料作为高温烟气，这使得容纳装置膨胀。然而，接缝和纤维织物保留，并且如图7所示，容纳装置10将盖体的外部温度限制为大约150℃的峰值温度仅几分钟，而盖体的内部温度峰值在大约375℃并且保持升高更加长的时间。
因此，参考图6，大体标示为50的所公开的用于容纳能量存储装置的方法的一个方面，可以包括以下步骤：如方框52所示，将能量存储装置放置在所公开的容纳装置的内部体积中。然后，容纳装置可以被密封，如方框54所示。可选地，如方框56所示，在密封以后，容纳装置可以被加强。用于加强密封的容纳装置的一种示例性技术包括围绕密闭的容纳装置缠绕绑带或者带子(例如，Kevlar带子)。用于加强密封的容纳装置的另一个示例性技术包括用Kevlar筛(Kevlar mesh)缠绕密封的容纳装置。
因此，所公开的容纳装置和方法可以提供相对低成本和重量轻的方法，该方法用于容纳放热事件期间从能量存储装置排出的高压和热的等离子体、气体和碎片，由此最小化对周围外界环境(例如，携带所公开的容纳装置和相关能量存储装置的交通工具)的相关损害。此外，所公开的容纳装置和方法可以提供相对低成本和重量轻的方法，该方法用于保护所容纳的能量存储装置不受外部热事件的影响。
尽管已经示出并描述了所公开的用于容纳能量存储装置的容纳装置及其方法，但是本领域技术人员根据阅读本说明书可以作出修改。本申请包括这些修改，并且仅由权利要求的范围限制。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于容纳防备放热事件的能量存储装置的容纳装置，其包含限定内部体积和到所述内部体积中的开口的盖体，所述盖体被形成为包括至少第一层和设置在所述第一层和所述内部体积之间的第二层的分层结构，所述第一层由纺织陶瓷纤维织物构成并且所述第二层由包括聚丙烯腈氧化纤维的纤维织物构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的容纳装置，其进一步地包括密封件，当所述密封件密封所述开口时所述内部体积被封闭。
3.根据权利要求2所述的容纳装置，其中所述密封件包括挡板，所述挡板由所述分层结构形成。
4.根据权利要求2所述的容纳装置，其中所述密封件包括拉链紧固件。
5.根据权利要求1所述的容纳装置，其中所述第二层放置在所述第一层和第三层之间，所述第三层包含所述纺织陶瓷纤维织物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的容纳装置，其中所述第一层通过缝合被连接到所述第二层。
7.根据权利要求1所述的容纳装置，其中所述纺织陶瓷纤维织物包括硼硅酸铝纤维。
8.根据权利要求1所述的容纳装置，其中所述第二层进一步地包括结构加强纤维，其中所述结构加强纤维从由以下物质组成的组中选择：聚苯并咪唑、聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑、变性聚丙烯腈对位芳纶、聚间芳酰胺、聚卤乙烯、毛织品、耐火聚酯、耐火尼龙、耐火人造纤维、棉花、三聚氰胺及其组合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的容纳装置，其中所述第二层基本上由所述聚丙烯腈氧化纤维和芳纶纤维构成。
10.根据权利要求1所述的容纳装置，其进一步地包括被容纳在所述封闭体积中的能量存储装置。
11.根据权利要求10所述的容纳装置，其中所述能量存储装置包括锂离子电池。
12.一种交通工具，其包含：
能量存储装置，其由所述交通工具携带，所述能量存储装置被配置为供给电力到所述交通工具；以及
根据前述任一权利要求所述的容纳装置，所述能量存储装置被容纳在所述内部体积中。
13.根据权利要求12所述的交通工具，其中所述结构加强纤维从由以下物质组成的组中选择：聚苯并咪唑、聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑、变性聚丙烯腈对位芳纶、聚间芳酰胺、聚卤乙烯、毛织品、耐火聚酯、耐火尼龙、耐火人造纤维、棉花、三聚氰胺及其组合。
14.一种用于容纳防备放热事件的能量存储装置的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
提供盖体，所述盖体限定内部体积并且包括到所述内部体积中的开口，所述盖体被形成为包括至少第一层和设置在所述第一层和所述内部体积之间的第二层的分层结构，所述第一层由纺织陶瓷纤维织物构成并且所述第二层由包含聚丙烯腈氧化纤维的纤维织物构成；
将所述能量存储装置定位在所述内部体积中；和
在所述定位步骤之后，密封所述开口。
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CN102549800A (zh) 2012-07-04
EP2471125B1 (en) 2014-06-04
JP2013507735A (ja) 2013-03-04
US20110079456A1 (en) 2011-04-07
US8443922B2 (en) 2013-05-21
US8763742B1 (en) 2014-07-01

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