CN114407479B - 柔性防火防爆板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

柔性防火防爆板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114407479B
CN114407479B CN202210047260.9A CN202210047260A CN114407479B CN 114407479 B CN114407479 B CN 114407479B CN 202210047260 A CN202210047260 A CN 202210047260A CN 114407479 B CN114407479 B CN 114407479B
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刘小芳
王遵
刘含茂
许双喜
王进
彭超义
杨军
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Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

柔性防火防爆板，包括防火层和铺设在两层防火层之间的防爆层，其特征在于：所述的防爆层和防火层均为由多层纤维布叠层粘接而成的柔性层，防爆层和防火层通过胶黏剂粘接成整体，防火层外表面涂覆有耐磨层。本发明中防爆层和防火层均为由多层纤维布叠层粘接而成的柔性层，防爆层和防火层通过胶黏剂粘接形成柔性的防火防爆板，既具有高粘接强度，又兼有优异的防火阻燃和防爆效果，可根据使用需求折叠、弯曲和随型，满足防爆箱组装时形状尺寸的要求，无需拼接和组合。本发明还提供一种柔性防火防爆板的制备方法。

Description

柔性防火防爆板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种柔性防火防爆板及其制备方法，属于易燃易爆品运输箱技术领域。
背景技术
以动力锂电池为代表的新能源汽车逐渐成为全球产业发展趋势，中国作为全球最大的动力锂电池生产国，担负着为全球提供新能源的重任，因此我国锂电池产品交易和运输十分活跃。然而，锂电池在有限空间中具有高能量密度，新能源汽车锂电池时常出现爆炸事故，属于易燃易爆品，这给锂电池的大量运输带来不利影响，尤其是在安全要求较高的航空运输领域，阻碍了我国日益蓬勃的新能源锂电池出口业务的增长。设计一种用于易燃易爆品运输箱使用的防火、隔热、防爆、抗穿刺、轻量化的柔性复合材料板，显得尤为必要。
在现有公知技术中，如专利：高强防爆板（专利号：CN206264476U）中，虽然涉及使用纤维织物制造防爆板，但其技术方案较泛，该方案制备的防爆板无法满足易燃易爆品运输箱所需的技术指标。具体针对易燃易爆品运输箱使用的柔性复合材料板，需要通过材料研究、结构设计和工艺探索，创造性地设计一种柔性复合材料板材，解决易燃易爆品运输箱面临的防火、隔热、防爆、抗穿刺、轻量化的问题，使得其满足使用需求。
检索到的现有专利文稿有：
1. CN201410539750.6, 一种碳陶复合材料及其制造的防爆板；
2. CN 201510096947.1，利用超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料废料制备防爆板的方法；
3. CN 201610924657.6，高强防爆板及其制备方法；
4. CN 201910574644.4，抵抗高速破片与高强度爆炸冲击的复合防爆板及制造方法；
5. CN 202020765596.5，复合防爆板及防爆车。
发明内容
本发明提供的柔性防火防爆板及其制备方法，防爆层和防火层均为由多层纤维布叠层粘接而成的柔性层，防爆层和防火层通过胶黏剂粘接形成柔性的防火防爆板，既具有高粘接强度，又兼有优异的防火阻燃和防爆效果，可根据使用需求折叠、弯曲和随型，满足防爆箱组装时形状尺寸的要求，无需拼接和组合。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
柔性防火防爆板，包括防火层和铺设在两层防火层之间的防爆层，其特征在于：所述的防爆层和防火层均为由多层纤维布叠层粘接而成的柔性层，防爆层和防火层通过胶黏剂粘接成整体，防火层外表面涂覆有耐磨层。
优选的，所述的防爆层的厚度为1mm-3mm，防火层的厚度为0.5mm-2.0mm，耐磨层的厚度为0.1mm-0.3mm。
优选的，所述防爆层中的纤维布为芳纶1414纤维布或芳纶1414与芳纶1313的混杂纤维布且纤维布为平纹布或斜纹布，防火层中的纤维布为玻璃纤维布、玄武岩纤维布、高硅氧纤维布中的一种或多种且纤维布为平纹布或斜纹布。
优选的，所述的耐磨层的材质为聚氨酯、环氧树脂、聚脲中的一种或多种混合。
优选的，所述的防爆层中相邻纤维布之间、防火布中相邻纤维布之间以及防爆层与防火层之间均通过阻燃胶黏剂粘接。
优选的，阻燃胶黏剂为有机硅胶与环氧胶、聚氨酯胶、改性硅烷胶中的一种或多种混合，且机硅胶重量百分比为30%wt-80% wt。
以上所述的柔性防火防爆板的制备方法，其特征在于：先根据所述的柔性防火防爆板的厚度和面积需求分别制备出相应的防爆层和防火层，再用胶黏剂将制备出的防爆层和防火层粘接成整体，耐磨层采用涂覆的方法成型在防火层外表面。
优选的，制备防爆层或防火层的过程为：
首先，根据防爆层或防火层的厚度需求选择克重及厚度适应的纤维布并将纤维布裁剪成所需尺寸，再对纤维布表面进行擦拭清理，准备纤维布粘接所用的胶黏剂；
接着，将纤维布用胶黏剂胶合叠层并固化，每次胶合叠层单块纤维布并固化直至达到防爆层或防火层所需厚度，形成防爆层或防火层。
优选的，胶黏剂在纤维布上单面涂胶量为80-250g/m2，每次固化均采用压力机加压固化，加压压力为2MPa-5MPa，并在常温下固化12h或60℃下固化8h。
优选的，“将胶黏剂将制备出的防爆层和防火层粘接成整体”是指在防爆层和防火层的粘接面涂覆胶黏剂，胶黏剂在防爆层和防火层上单面涂胶量为80-250g/m2，再将防火层和防爆层叠合送入压力机上加压固化，在常温下固化12h或60℃下固化8h，加压压力为2MPa-5MPa。
发明的有益效果是：
本发明的柔性防火防爆板，包括防爆层、防火层和耐磨层，防爆层铺设在两层防火层之间，耐磨层涂覆在防火层的外表面，防爆层和防火层均为由多层纤维布叠层粘接而成的柔性层，防爆层和防火层通过胶黏剂粘接形成柔性的防火防爆板，既具有高粘接强度，又兼有优异的防火阻燃和防爆效果，可根据使用需求折叠、弯曲和随型，满足防爆箱组装时形状尺寸的要求，无需拼接和组合。
在1000℃酒精喷灯下灼烧柔性防火防爆板，5min内无火焰渗透，距柔性防火防爆板背面100mm处空气温度不超过204℃，防爆层抗穿刺力大于9KN，柔性防火防爆板面密度仅3-5kg/m2，轻量化效果显著，耐磨测试磨耗小于0.03g，同时具有防紫外老化和抗菌功能，可满足易燃易爆品运输箱的应用要求，大大提升易燃易爆品运输过程中的安全性。
附图说明
图1为具体实施方式中柔性防火防爆板的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合图1对本发明的实施例做详细说明。
柔性防火防爆板，包括防火层1和铺设在两层防火层1之间的防爆层2，其特征在于：所述的防爆层2和防火层1均为由多层纤维布叠层粘接而成的柔性层，防爆层2和防火层1通过胶黏剂粘接成整体，防火层1外表面涂覆有耐磨层3。
以上所述的柔性防火防爆板，包括防爆层2、防火层1和耐磨层3，防爆层2铺设在两层防火层1之间，耐磨层3涂覆在防火层的外表面，防爆层2和防火层1均为由多层纤维布叠层粘接而成的柔性层，防爆层2和防火层1通过胶黏剂粘接形成柔性的防火防爆板，既具有高粘接强度，又兼有优异的防火阻燃和防爆效果，可根据使用需求折叠、弯曲和随型，满足防爆箱组装时形状尺寸的要求，无需拼接和组合。
其中，所述的防爆层2的厚度为1mm-3mm，防火层1的厚度为0.5mm-2.0mm，耐磨层3的厚度为0.1mm-0.3mm。厚度为0.1mm-0.3mm的耐磨层3将防火层1覆盖对防火层1形成保护，厚度为0.5mm-2.0mm的防火层1可有效隔离火焰，厚度为1mm-3mm的防爆层1有效隔离高温，形成厚度在5mm左右的柔性防火防爆板，面密度小，重量轻，实用性高。
其中，所述防爆层2中的纤维布为芳纶1414纤维布或芳纶1414与芳纶1313的混杂纤维布且纤维布为平纹布或斜纹布，芳纶1414纤维布和芳纶1313纤维布比重小，强度高，耐热性好，并且具有良好的粘附性，保证防爆层2的防爆性能和抗穿刺性能，防火层1中的纤维布为玻璃纤维布、玄武岩纤维布、高硅氧纤维布中的一种或多种且纤维布为平纹布或斜纹布，在高温下可保持良好的强度和隔热性，是超高温热流和喷射火焰的有效热屏障，提高防火层1的防火可靠性。
其中，所述的耐磨层3的材质为聚氨酯、环氧树脂、聚脲中的一种或多种混合，易于涂覆成型且耐磨、防紫外老化、抗菌效果好。
其中，所述的防爆层2中相邻纤维布之间、防火布1中相邻纤维布之间以及防爆层2与防火层1之间均通过阻燃胶黏剂粘接。阻燃胶黏剂为有机硅胶与环氧胶、聚氨酯胶、改性硅烷胶中的一种或多种混合，且机硅胶重量百分比为30%wt-80% wt。阻燃胶黏剂即使相邻纤维布之间形成柔性粘接，又具有阻燃隔温的作用，提高柔性防火防爆板的使用可靠性。
在1000℃酒精喷灯下灼烧柔性防火防爆板，5min内无火焰渗透，距柔性防火防爆板背面100mm处空气温度不超过204℃，防爆层抗穿刺力大于9KN，柔性防火防爆板面密度仅3-5kg/m2，轻量化效果显著，耐磨测试磨耗小于0.03g，同时具有防紫外老化和抗菌功能，可满足易燃易爆品运输箱的应用要求，大大提升易燃易爆品运输过程中的安全性。
本发明还保护一种以上所述的柔性防火防爆板的制备方法，其特征在于：先根据所述的柔性防火防爆板的厚度和面积需求分别制备出相应的防爆层和防火层，再用胶黏剂将制备出的防爆层和防火层粘接成整体，耐磨层采用涂覆的方法成型在防火层外表面。
防爆层2和防火层1通过胶黏剂粘接形成柔性的防火防爆板，既具有高粘接强度，又兼有优异的防火阻燃和防爆效果，可根据使用需求折叠、弯曲和随型，满足防爆箱组装时形状尺寸的要求，无需拼接和组合，耐磨层可在防火层与防爆层粘接前涂覆成型在防火层外表面上，也可在防火层与防爆层粘接成整体后涂覆成型在防火层外表面上。
其中，制备防爆层2或防火层1的过程为：
首先，根据防爆层或防火层的厚度需求选择克重及厚度适应的纤维布并将纤维布裁剪成所需尺寸，再对纤维布表面进行擦拭清理，准备纤维布粘接所用的胶黏剂；
接着，将纤维布用胶黏剂胶合叠层并固化，每次胶合叠层单块纤维布并固化直至达到防爆层2或防火层1所需厚度，形成防爆层或防火层。
先将两块涂覆有胶黏剂的纤维布叠层固化形成双层纤维布，再在双层纤维布用胶黏剂胶合叠层单块纤维布并固化形成三层纤维布，由此每次胶合叠层单块纤维布并固化，直至固化后的多层纤维布达到防爆层2或防火层1的所需厚度，即制备出防爆层2或防火层1。
其中，胶黏剂在纤维布上单面涂胶量为80-250g/m2，每次固化均采用压力机加压固化，加压压力为2MPa-5MPa，并在常温下固化12h或60℃下固化8h。保证相邻纤维布之间有效粘接，具有高粘接强度。
“将胶黏剂将制备出的防爆层2和防火层1粘接成整体”是指在防爆层2和防火层1的粘接面涂覆胶黏剂，胶黏剂在防爆层和防火层上单面涂胶量为80-250g/m2，再将防火层1和防爆层叠合2送入压力机上加压固化，在常温下固化12h或60℃下固化8h，加压压力为2MPa-5MPa。保证防爆层2与防火层1之间有效粘接，具有高粘接强度，从而保证柔性防火防爆板的整体结构强度。
以上结合附图对本发明的实施例的技术方案进行完整描述，需要说明的是所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (5)

1.柔性防火防爆板，包括防火层和铺设在两层防火层之间的防爆层，其特征在于：所述的防爆层和防火层均为由多层纤维布叠层粘接而成的柔性层，防爆层和防火层通过胶黏剂粘接成整体，防火层外表面涂覆有耐磨层；
所述的防爆层的厚度为1mm-3mm，防火层的厚度为0.5mm-2.0mm，耐磨层的厚度为0.1mm-0.3mm；
所述防爆层中的纤维布为芳纶1414纤维布或芳纶1414与芳纶1313的混杂纤维布且纤维布为平纹布或斜纹布，防火层中的纤维布为玻璃纤维布、玄武岩纤维布、高硅氧纤维布中的一种或多种且纤维布为平纹布或斜纹布；
所述的耐磨层的材质为聚氨酯、环氧树脂、聚脲中的一种或多种混合；
所述的防爆层中相邻纤维布之间、防火布中相邻纤维布之间以及防爆层与防火层之间均通过阻燃胶黏剂粘接；
阻燃胶黏剂为有机硅胶与环氧胶、聚氨酯胶、改性硅烷胶中的一种或多种混合，且有机硅胶重量百分比为30%wt-80%wt。
2.权利要求1所述的柔性防火防爆板的制备方法，其特征在于：先根据所述的柔性防火防爆板的厚度和面积需求分别制备出相应的防爆层和防火层，再用胶黏剂将制备出的防爆层和防火层粘接成整体，耐磨层采用涂覆的方法成型在防火层外表面。
3.根据权利要求2所述的柔性防火防爆板的制备方法，其特征在于，制备防爆层或防火层的过程为：
首先，根据防爆层或防火层的厚度需求选择克重及厚度适应的纤维布并将纤维布裁剪成所需尺寸，再对纤维布表面进行擦拭清理，准备纤维布粘接所用的胶黏剂；
接着，将纤维布用胶黏剂胶合叠层并固化，每次胶合叠层单块纤维布并固化直至达到防爆层或防火层所需厚度，形成防爆层或防火层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的柔性防火防爆板的制备方法，其特征在于：胶黏剂在纤维布上单面涂胶量为80-250g/m2，每次固化均采用压力机加压固化，加压压力为2MPa-5MPa，并在常温下固化12h或60℃下固化8h。
5.根据权利要求3所述的柔性防火防爆板的制备方法，其特征在于：“将胶黏剂将制备出的防爆层和防火层粘接成整体”是指在防爆层和防火层的粘接面涂覆胶黏剂，胶黏剂在防爆层和防火层上单面涂胶量为80-250g/m2，再将防火层和防爆层叠合送入压力机上加压固化，在常温下固化12h或60℃下固化8h，加压压力为2MPa-5MPa。
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