CN1025478C - 药魁搽鼻剂及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
药魁搽鼻剂及其制备工艺,其处方由大蒜、辛夷、白芷、葛根等十六味中药组成。制备方法为将药材洗净,灭菌,经渗滤、酶解、混合,在药液中加蜂蜜经低温浓缩而成。本发明在临床可用于治疗感冒、慢性单纯性鼻炎及过敏性鼻炎。通过搽于鼻孔中进行治疗,治疗起效快,疗效好,特别是能迅速治愈鼻塞。用药后无明显不良反应,用药携带均十分方便,值得推广应用。
Description
本发明涉及一种新型的中成药外用搽鼻制剂,以及其在治疗感冒等疾病中的应用。
感冒是一种世界性的常见病、多发病之一,世界各国的医药学家们为了攻克防治感冒的难关,曾做出过较大的努力,中医药防治感冒的历史悠久,远在两千年以前的古医籍中已有详尽的记述。现代中医临床实践也证实了,中医药对于感冒的疗效是比较理想的,但是不论是中药方剂或中成药,基本为口服药,经胃肠道吸收不够迅速,而且用量较大。现有的西药如化学抗病毒制剂、免疫制剂、免疫刺激剂,对扑灭或抑制一种或几种类型的感冒病毒,均有一定的针对性或时间性,而对暴发之势凶猛,种型变异莫测的感冒病毒袭击,往往又难以奏效。
本发明的目的在于提供一种外用搽鼻途径以治疗感冒等疾病的药魁搽鼻剂及其制备工艺,该药对导致感冒的多种病菌及病毒有较强的抑制作用,体症改善迅速,并且用量小,治疗效果显著。
本发明药魁搽鼻剂,以中药药材为原料,经渗滤、酶解、提取加工而成,其处方按重量百分比为:
大蒜50-73 辛夷1-5 白芷2-6
葛根2-6 桂枝2-6 麻黄2-6
荆芥2-10 川芎1-5 生姜1-5
大枣1-5 细辛1-5 羌活1-5
防风2-6 白芍2-6 甘草2-6
蜂蜜5-20
该药性状为浅棕色粘稠液体,气微辛,具蒜味,味甜酸。
本发明的制剂工艺如下:
a、取药材辛夷、白芷、葛根、桂枝、麻黄、荆芥、川芎、生姜、大枣、细辛、羌活、防风、白勺、甘草、等14味,洗净,灭菌、混合均匀,置渗滤罐中,在常温下加5倍量蒸馏水,渗滤4小时,得渗滤液;
b、取大蒜,去外皮后切片,置提取罐中用蒸馏水酶解,静置,离心过滤,低温浓缩得酶解液;
c、取大蒜渣加入3倍量的70%浓度乙醇提取,过滤回收乙醇,药液离心过滤,低温浓缩,得浓缩液;
d、将上述三种提取液混合,并加入蜂蜜搅拌至均匀,置低温下放置,离心过滤,低温浓缩至生药含量为1.43g/ml浓度。
本发明药魁搽鼻剂,其主要特征化学成分为桂
皮酸、麻黄咸及大蒜素等。采用薄层色谱法进行鉴别试验。在鉴别桂皮组分时,经多次试验探索用正己烷-乙醚-冰醋酸(5∶5∶0.1)为展开剂,鉴别桂皮酸。在鉴别麻黄组分时,选用正丁醇-冰醋酸-水(8∶2∶1)为展开剂,鉴别麻黄碱。在鉴别大蒜组分时,选用正乙烷-苯(9∶1)为展开剂,鉴别大蒜素。以上三种成分的鉴别具有分离效果好,方法简便的优点。
本发明的制剂工艺,其主要提取工艺不用有机溶剂,成本低廉,安全有效,提取和制剂工艺均十分简单,适合于药厂大规模生产。
本发明的药效学实难表明:本品可明显增强体液免疫,增强机体抵抗力。可降低动物毛细血管通透性,减少渗出及肿胀,有较好的抗炎作用,对促进恢复,防治鼻塞流涕、喷嚏等症状有重要意义;体外抑菌试验表明,对流感杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,肺炎对球菌,乙型溶血性链球菌,绿脓杆菌等均有较强抑菌作用,尤其对流感杆菌和乙型溶血性链球菌抑菌效果较好;抑制病毒试验表明,体外对流感病毒有直接杀灭作用,动物体内对流感病毒有抑制作用。单纯疱疹病毒先感染细胞后给药途径及病毒与药液中和后接种细胞径均完全抑制病毒。对伤寒-付份寒三联菌苗所致家免发热的反应也有一定的作用。
本品的毒理学研究表明:急性毒性验测得小鼠LD50为392.0±29.7mg/kg。相当于临床用量230倍。长期毒性试验,用80只大鼠分四组观察,涂鼻给药,连续4周,结果大中小剂量组对体重,一般状况,血常规,肝肾功能、心电图及病理解剖组织学检查,均未发现不良反应及中毒性改变。局部毒性观察,经连续局部用药4周后,未发现明显的局部不良反应,病理切片鼻粘膜及粘膜下组织,亦未见明显异常。表明本品短期、长期、局部用药,安全有效,无明显毒副反应及中毒性病变,可供临床使用。
本品稳定性试验表明,放置1个月时含量有变化、放置2-6个月后,含量趋于稳定,鉴别均呈阴性,相对密度及PH值几乎不变,比较稳定。加速稳定性实验表明放置1、2、3月后含量比较稳定,鉴别项呈阴性,相对密度及PH值比较稳定。本品性状为浅棕色粘稠液体,气微率,具蒜嗅,味甜酸。
本发明的临床验证表明:本品于治疗风寒感冒567例,其中治疗组453例,对照组114例(阳性对照药为感冒清热冲剂)。结果治疗组总有效率为93.06%,总显效率为69.10%,对照组总有效率为92.98%,总显效率为69.30%,经统计学处理P值均大于0.05,说明两组的总有效率和总显效率无显著性差异,疗效相当,但药魁搽鼻剂对鼻塞和流涕的总有效率明显高于感冒清热冲剂(P<0.01),对鼻塞和头痛的总显效率与感冒清热冲剂比较,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01或0.051),药魁搽鼻塞的起效时间较感冒清热冲剂快,因而总体来说,药魁搽鼻剂对感冒的疗效优于感冒清热冲剂。
典型病例
病例一:郝××,女,42岁,1992年5月3是初诊。患者自觉1天前受凉后出现头痛、鼻塞、流清涕、周身酸楚不适、汗、咽痒。检查:一般情况尚好,精神稍差,咽部轻度充血,两侧扁桃体不大,心肺(-),WBC:7800个/mm3,N:72%,L:28%舌质淡红,舌苔薄白,脉弦。诊断:中医:风寒感冒,西药:中型感冒。,给予药魁搽鼻剂搽鼻,3-4次/日,同时嘱患者多饮开水,注意休息。药后第一天头痛、鼻塞、流涕等症状明显减轻,药后第二天诸症基本消除,病告痊愈。
病例二:窦××,男性,26岁,就诊日期:1992年6月1日。主诉发热、恶寒、头痛1天,鼻塞,流清涕,体温38.3℃,咽部充血,扁桃体Ⅱ°大,舌淡红,苔薄白,脉弦数;化验:外周血WBC1100/mm3,N:70%,L:30%,胸透正常,使用药魁搽鼻剂后24小时,体温降至37.2℃,鼻塞、头痛、恶寒等症状明显减轻,48小时后体温正常,不适症状消失。复查血象:WBC:7000/mm3,N:69%,L:31%,病告痊愈。
本品另用于治疗慢性单纯性鼻炎267例,其中治疗组197例,对照组70例(阳性对照药为鼻炎滴剂,广东佛山制药二厂生产),结果治疗组总有效率为82.74%,对照组总有效率为67.14%,两组总有效率比较P<0.01,有非常显著性差异,治疗组优于对照组。治疗组总显效率为30.46%,对照组总显效率为32.86%,两组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),对鼻塞的总有效率以及对流涕、喷嚏的总有效率和总显效率两组无显著性差异
(P>0.05),但对鼻塞的总显效率,两组有显著性差异(P>0.05),说明治疗组对本病鼻塞症状的疗效优于对照组。
典型病例:
病例一:杜××,男,38岁,工人,1992年5月12日初诊。鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏15年。反复治疗症状仍不能持续缓解,局部检查:鼻粘膜慢性充血,肿胀,中鼻道嗅裂,无脓性分泌物。目前症状为:鼻塞+++,鼻痒+,流涕++,喷噎++,头痛++。使用药魁搽鼻剂治疗,约1分钟开始起效,5分钟后症症状消失,并可维持疗效4小时左右,连续用药一周,鼻塞、鼻痒、喷嚏、流涕等症状消失,鼻粘膜充血减轻,鼻甲肿胀消失。
病例二:康××,男,30岁,于92年6月18日初诊。患慢性鼻炎5年之久,鼻堵明显,常感呼吸受阻,影响睡眠,并时有嗅觉减弱,时轻时重,分泌物以白色为主,时有喷嚏,遇冷遇风明显。局部检查:鼻左右甲肥厚,粘膜少许充血,右鼻道通畅,未见有明显分泌物,舌尖红苔白,脉滑。用药1分钟开始起效,鼻堵明显减轻,但初用时鼻分泌物增加,喷嚏加重,坚持用药至第三天开始缓解,用药至第七天,诸症基本消失,鼻无分泌物。局部检查,变化不明显,病情得到近期临控制。
本品用于治疗47例过敏性鼻炎,结果表明经一疗程(四周)治疗后,显效率为25.53%,总有效率为74.47%,患者鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏症状以及鼻腔体征得到不同程度改善,病情得到不同程度减轻,因而认为该药有治疗过敏性鼻炎的作用。另外本药见效快,对鼻塞平均起效时间为3.36分钟,有利于迅速缓解局部症状,而且无明显不良反应。
典型病例:
张××,男34岁,92年5月5日初诊。患过敏性鼻炎常年发作4年多,常有打喷嚏、流清涕,早上明显。每次连续打喷嚏10次以上,随即有清衡分泌物时时流出,伴有鼻痒及鼻翼皮肤稍肿。对氟哌酸过敏。局部检查:各鼻甲均不大,粘膜色淡,并有少许水湿。鼻中隔右偏。舌淡苔薄白,脉弦滑。诊断为慢性过敏性鼻炎,给药魁搽鼻剂治疗,初用药后打喷嚏,流清涕有所加重,少许时间即能缓解。连续用药10天后,每天早上的频频打喷嚏、流涕几乎消失,其它症状也减轻。坚持用药到疗程结束时,偶有喷嚏或鼻痒,局部检查:鼻腔粘膜色淡及水湿较治疗前减轻,患者较为满意。
本品具体的治疗方法如下:用搽鼻剂将棉棒沾少许药液,插入鼻孔1厘米处,均匀涂于鼻腔周壁,待涂完两鼻腔后,一边轻轻压入中穴,一边用鼻深吸气2-3次,鼻塞头痛较重者,涂第一次后,喝热水一杯,再涂一次,而后每隔半小时涂一次,待鼻塞症状缓解后,每天涂3-4次。
现代医学研究已经观察到,鼻腔用药不仅限于治疗鼻腔疾病。近年来,发现许多药物经过鼻粘膜吸收后,能迅速进入体循环,发挥全身治疗作用,搽鼻剂从酶解低温制药到外用搽鼻具有新创的特点。符合中医辨证论治的原则,具有“内病外治”的中医特色。通过鼻腔的涂抹,发挥了辛散透达,通窍散寒的独特作用。实践研究也证实本发明具有较好的抑制致病菌和抗炎作用;可以明显增强体液免疫,增强机体低抗力;可以降低动物毛细管通透性,减少渗出肿胀,以及抗流感病毒作用。临床研究进一步表明,本发明对感冒,鼻炎等有较好的治疗作用,而且使用剂量小,起效快,疗效好。鼻腔用药简便易行,无明显不良反应,因而有其临床使用价值,值得推广应用。
Claims (3)
1、一种治疗感冒、慢性单纯性鼻炎、过敏性鼻炎疾病的药物,其特征在于它是以下中药药材经渗滤、酶解、提取加工而成,其原料组成按重量百分比为:
大蒜50-73 辛夷1-5 白芷2-6
葛根2-6 桂枝2-6 麻黄2-6
荆芥2-10 川芎1-5 生姜1-5
大枣1-5 细辛1-5
活1-5
防风2-6 白芍2-6 甘草2-6
蜂蜜5-20
2、一种药魁搽鼻剂,其特征在于它是以下中药药材经渗滤、酶解、提取加工而制成的鼻粘膜搽剂,其原料组成按重量百分比为:
大蒜50-73 辛夷1-5 白芷2-6
葛根2-6 桂枝2-6 麻黄2-6
荆芥2-10 川芎1-5 生姜1-5
大枣1-5 细辛1-5 羌活1-5
防风2-6 白芍2-6 甘草2-6
蜂蜜5-20
该药性状为浅棕色粘稠液体,气微辛,具蒜味,味甜;其主要特征化学成分为桂皮酸、麻黄碱及大蒜素。
3、如权利要求2所述药魁搽鼻剂的制备工艺,其特征在于是通过如下步骤实现的:
a、取药材辛夷、白芷、葛根、桂枝、麻黄、荆芥、川芎、生姜、大枣、细辛、羌活、防风、白勺、甘草、洗净,灭菌、混合均匀,置渗滤罐中,在常温下加5倍量蒸馏水,渗滤4小时,得渗滤液;
b、取大蒜,去外皮后切片,置提取罐中用蒸馏水酶解,静置,离心过滤,低温浓缩得酶解液;
c、取大蒜渣加入3倍量的70%浓度乙醇提取,过滤回收乙醇,药液离心过滤,低温浓缩,得浓缩液;
d、将上述三种提取液混合,并加入蜂蜜搅拌至均匀,置低温下放置,离心过滤,低温浓缩至生药含量为1.43g/ml浓度,罐装。
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CN1899593B (zh) * | 2006-07-17 | 2012-07-11 | 刘树平 | 一种治疗感冒的冲剂及其配制方法 |
CN103463254B (zh) * | 2013-08-26 | 2015-03-18 | 李艳 | 一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药组合物 |
CN103830355B (zh) * | 2014-02-28 | 2016-03-09 | 徐凌川 | 黑种草籽油滴鼻剂及其制备方法 |
CN103948898A (zh) * | 2014-05-15 | 2014-07-30 | 张士金 | 一种治疗风寒的中草药物及其制备方法 |
CN106260991A (zh) * | 2015-06-08 | 2017-01-04 | 杜乃龙 | 一种治久治不愈的伤风鼻塞的食疗配方 |
CN106110248A (zh) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-11-16 | 杨小玲 | 一种专治感冒、鼻炎的中草药 |
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