CN1025400C - 具有至少两个天线的维特毕收信机衰减影响的减小方法 - Google Patents

具有至少两个天线的维特毕收信机衰减影响的减小方法 Download PDF

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CN1025400C
CN1025400C CN91101088A CN91101088A CN1025400C CN 1025400 C CN1025400 C CN 1025400C CN 91101088 A CN91101088 A CN 91101088A CN 91101088 A CN91101088 A CN 91101088A CN 1025400 C CN1025400 C CN 1025400C
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托马斯·O·贝克斯特伦
拉格纳·E·卡尔
扬-艾力克·谢恩法尔
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Abstract

信号经天线接收后取样成所收到的天线信号。形成各天线的部分信道估计值。为进行维特毕分析,借助于该估计值取数据序列的理论输入信号。部分度量值呈所收到的天线信号与维特毕状态变化时相应的理论输入信号之间的差值的形式。将态每次发生变化就有度量值产生,例如旧态在上一取样时刻的度量值的和,该时刻随属于各部分信道估计值的部分度量值的加权和而增加。所有状态转变成新状态时都有相应的度量值产生,且按维特毕算法选取这些度量值的最小值。

Description

本发明涉及一种减小具有至少两个天线的维特毕(Viterbi)收信机衰减影响的方法,这种收信机通过易受干扰的信道接收无线电信号,该方法包括下列步骤:
接收天线上的信号,该天线彼此相隔一段距离;
将收自各天线的信号取样成所收到的天线信号;
对某一信道作出估计值,估计信道的传输函数;然后
按照维特毕算法在维特毕收信机的均衡器中对信号进行处理,其中给维特毕算法的各状态变化都取了理论符号;
用无线电传输信号常遇到的问题是信号因受干扰而衰减。在移动无线电通信中,这个问题很明显,在这种场合下,移动收信机在干扰场中移动,经常反复处于衰减状态中。减小衰减影响公知的一种方法是采用具两个或多个彼此间隔一段距离的天线的收信机;例如,L.B.Lopes在1989年7月20日第25卷第15期的《电子通讯》(Electronics    Letters)中写的题为“窄带TDMA流动无线电系统的空间/时间分集技术”一文中即介绍了这种收信机。发送来的数字无线电信号为第一天线所接收,按预选的适当时间延迟一段时间。无线电信号也为第二天线所接收,第二天线的信号加到该延迟信号上,加起来得出的信号在均衡器中进行处理,该均衡器可以是维特毕均衡器。该文章谈到了位误差量随延迟时间的长度而减小。另一种方法是采用配备有若干天线的收信机,如美国印 地安那州Howard    W.Sams    &    Co公司出版的William    C.Y.Lee著的《移动通信设计基础》一书中所介绍的那样。该书第3.5.1节列举了一些实例,说明来自两个带分立天线的收信机放大器的信号如何加起来以减少衰减。所传输的是数字信号时,这种相加产生了这样的困难,即相加的信号其相位需要正确。即使天线所收到的信号其强度令人满意,个别天线所收到的信号也可能彼此相位相反而衰减。因此需要对信号进行锁相,而这一点是难以达到的,特别是对迅速衰减、受噪音干扰的信道来说,更是如此。在受这种噪音干扰的情况下,采用慢而可调节的锁相有好处,而对快速衰减来说,需要的却是快速可调节的锁相。
按照本发明,上述处理收信机中获自彼此分立的天线的信号以减小衰减作用的问题是按下列方式解决的:对每个天线就扩散到天线的信道的传输函数进行估计;维持毕算法中的状态每次在新与旧之间发生变化时,借助于各信道的估计值计算各天线信号的部分度量值;各天线信号的部分度量值经相互加权之后,用以计算新旧状态之间转变过程的度量值。
本发明的特征在于:
所述信道估计值包括至少两(R)个属于个别天线(4)的部分信道估计值(hest,r),其中在所示取样时刻(k)的方法还包括下列步骤:
借助于部分信道估计值(hest,r)从理论符号(S(△Tij))形成理论输入信号(sa,r(△Tij,k)),其中维持毕算法的状态每次变化(△Tij)时都形成有各部分信号估计值(hest,r)的理论输入信号(sa,r(△Tij,k);
根据所收到的属于部分信道估计值和相应理论输入信号(sa,r(△Tij,k))的天线信号(sin,r(k))形成各个部分信道估计值(hest,r)的部分度量值(mr(△Tij,k));
维持毕算法中的指示状态在旧态(Tj)与新态(Ti)之间转变(△Tij)时形成一度量值(M(△Tij,k)),例如按照维特华算法在取样时刻(k-1) 为旧态(Tj)选取的度量值(M(Tj,k-1)),其中取样时刻(k-1)在所指示的取样时刻(k)之前,所指示的取样时刻(k)则随属于各部分信道估计值(hest,r)的部分度量值(mr(△Tij,k))的加权(Kr)和增加;和
所有状态转变(△Tij)为新态(Ti)时形成度量值,该度量值与所指示的状态变化(△Tij)的度量值(M(△Tij,k))相对应,此外还根据维特毕算法在转变为新态(Ti)时选取这些度量值(M(△Tij,k))的最小值(M(Tj,k))。
根据所收到的天线信号(sin,r(k)与相应的理论输入信号(sa,r(△Tij,k))之间差值的绝对值形成各部分度量值(mr(△Tij,k))
所有加权部分度量值(mr(△Tij,k))用的系数(Kr),它们的值彼此相等(Kr=P/R)。
根据所收到的相应天线信号(sin,r(k))的幅值选择加权部分度量值(mr(△Tij,k))用的系数(Kr)。
加权部分度量值(mr(△Tij,k))用的系数(Kr)与所收到的天线信号(sin,r(k))的能量成正比(c)。
现在参看附图更详细地说明本发明的一个实施例。附图中
图1示出了一无线电传输系统的示意图,该系统包括一发信机、一收信机和一受干扰的中间信道;
图2示出了分时传输系统的时隙和一时隙信号序列;
图3是某一传输符号的个别值的示意图;
图4示出了在两建筑物之间的一信号干扰图移动的移动收信机;
图5是按本发明的方法处理信号的收信机的示意方框图;
图6则是图5收信机某些部分更详细的示意方框图。
图1中示意表示了分时无线电通信的无线电传输系统。发信机有一个接收载有信息的信号和产生相应数字符号s的单元1。这些符号按周知的方法经过数/模转换和调制之后,从单元2作为模拟信号Y发送出 去。信号Y为一具有R个收信单元3的收信机所截获。各收信单元有一天线4,且连接到相应的模/数转换器5上。这些转换器将收自天线4的信号转换成所收到的天线信号sin,r(k)。标记k表示k个取样时刻,标记r表示该信号来自第r个天线,其中1<r<R。所收到的天线信号sin,r(k)传送到单元6,在单元6中信号按本发明的方法处理。单元6中有执行维特毕算法的装置和估计信道传输函数的装置。单元6产生对应于数字符号s的估计符号
Figure 911010882_IMG2
。所传输的信号Y在传输过积中受到干扰,其中最主要的干扰是衰减,在收信机中就把干扰对估计符号
Figure 911010882_IMG3
的影响削弱了;这是因为,天线4至少是两个(R≥2),而且所收到的天线信号sin,r(k)系按本发明的方法在单元6中进行处理的。这下面即将更详细的谈到。
如上所述,本实施例的无线电传输系统是按图2分立的时隙1-N进行分时的,其中t表示时间。各时隙f能传输信号序列SS,信号序列SS包括一同步序列SO和一数据序列DO,数据序列DO则含有待传输的信息。信号序列SS含有二进制信息,而上述符号也可按例如正交调制加以调制,如图3所示。在坐标轴为I和Q的复数坐标平面中,在各象限中用二进制值00、01、10或11标出经调制的符号的四个可能值。传输这种经调制的符号所需要的时间以符号时间TS表示。
上述信号按下列方式衰减,即所谓莱利(Rayleigh)衰减。图4示出了反射所传输的信号Y的两个建筑物7和8。相移的结果使被反射的信号在建筑物之间彼此相互干扰,于是就形成有规则的干涉图,其中的信号强度的凸出点和节点交替出现。通过干涉图流动的流动收信机9会反复通过信号强度极低的各节点。有关信号衰减更详尽的说明见上述参考文献William    C.Y.Lee著的《移动通信设计基础》一书第一章。
图5更详细地示出了上述单元6,其中为简明起见,天线的数目R取3。从图中还可以看到方框10,这个方框表示影响数字信号s的实际传 输信道的传输函数h。传输函数h包括传输单元2、信号Y的无线电传输、收信单元3和模/数转换器5。单元6包括符号序列发生器9、各天线4的信道估计电路17、度量计算单元11和按维特毕算法影响信号处理的分析器12。部分信道估计值hest,r在各信道估计电路17中计算。各部分信通估计值是按周知方式计算的,具体作法是将符号序列发生器9所产生的同步序列SO与所传输同步序列SO的所收到的天线信号sin,r(k)进行比较。在本实施例中,假设部分信道估计值hest,r是用各信号序列SS借助于同步序列SO计算一次的,而且在数据序列DO期间使其保持不变。但也可以按周知的方式[例如按F.R.Magee Jr和J.G.Proakis在1973年元月的IEEE(电气工程师协会)信息理论学报发表的题为“在存在符号间干扰的情况下发出数字信号时的自适应最大似然序列的估计”的一文中所介绍的方式]来适应部分信道估计值hest,r
传输数据序列DO时,就得出待传输信息的所收到的天线的信号sin,r(k)。这些信号按上述维特毕算法进行分析,该算法的状态数为M=VD-1。V表示一符号所能取的系列值,该值在图3所示符号的情况下为V=4。D表示传输信道在符号时间TS的数目中的时间离差,在所举的实施例中假设D=2。这就是说,维特毕算法必须具有M=4个状态,在该四个状态下能对所收到的天线信号sin,r(k)进行所要求的处理。有关维特毕算法更为详细的介绍见例如G.D.Forney,Jr.在1973年3月第61卷第3期的IEEE学报中发表的题为“维特毕算法”的文章。符号序列发生器9在维特毕算法中从旧态Tj至新态Ti的状态变化为△Tij的情况下取理论符号系列S(△Tij)。借助于理论信号估计值hest,r按下列关系式计算输入信号:
su,r(△Tij,k)=hest,r*S(△Tij
其中符号*表示卷积。以后选择状态变化△Tij用的部分度量值mr(△Tij,k)借助于所采用的输入信号sa,r(△Tij,k)和所收到的天线 信号sin,r(k)计算,下面即将参照图6加以说明。
图6示出了维特毕分析器12和度量计算单元11。单元11包括各部分信道估计值hest,r的运算电路13和系数电路14。运算电路13的作用是按关系式
mr(△Tij,k)=|sin,r(k)-sa,r(△Tij,k)|2
计算部分度量值。和前面谈过的类似。标记k表示所示的取样时间,指数r表示其中一个天线,△Tij表示按照维特毕算法的状态变化。在所举实施例的情况下,该算法具有以二进制数00、01、10、11表示的M=4个状态,各新状态有四个变化,如图中所示,因而总的状态变化为16个。各这些状态变化的度量值按下列关系式计算:
M(△Tij,k)=M(Tj,k-1)+ Σ r = 1 R K r ·mr(△Tij,k)
在此情况下,Kr表示电路14的各系数,所有R个天线的加权加法则是在加法器15中进行。按照维特毕算法,量值M(Tj,k-1)涉及旧态Tj在所述取样点k之前一个符号时间TS的取样点k-1时选取的度量值。旧度量值随加法器16中部分度量值的加权和而增加。根据维特毕算法,转变到新状态Ti时的最小度量值是根据关系式
M(Tj,k)=Min{M(△Tij,k)}
i
选取的。
因此度量值M(Tj,k)是在所述的取样时刻k下为新状态选取的值。度量值M(Tj,k)按维特毕算法使用,以确定估计符号 。度量值也存储起来供在以后的取样时刻k+1继续计算度量值。
加权部分度量值用的系统Kr可按各种不同的方法选择。按照另一种简单的方法,所有系数都不变,且彼此相等,而在图6所示的R=3的情况下,Kr会等于P/3,其中P为所选取的一个常数。这个方法意味着,其中一个天线4上完全发展到衰减的无线电信号在度量计算中会与信号强度良好的其中一个天线上的信号具有同样的加权。按照另一个更为复杂 的方法,根据sin,r(k)所收到的天线信号由控制电路18测定,系数Kr的值则由控制电路根据该信号的强度设定。按照一有利的实施例,Kr与所收到的各天线信号Kr=c·|sin,r(k)|2的能量成正比。在此情况下,c表示一个常数,该常数系选取得使诸系数的和∑Kr按照上述会等于P。
上面已就无线电通信的分时系统来说明本发明的内容。但本发明也可应用于其它系统中,例如频率共用无线电通信系统。在这种系统中,只要在信息开端发送形成信道估计值的同步序列一次就够了。该信道估计值就借助于在该时期不断发送的信号,在整个信息发送过程中都适用。当要求对系统的速率加以限制时,也可以在完全不存在同步序列的情况下按例如D.N.Godard在1980年11月第COM-28卷第11期的IEEE通信会刊发表的题为“二维数据通信系统中的自恢复均衡和载波跟踪”一文中所述的方式对信道进行估计。

Claims (5)

1、一种减小具有至少两个天线的维特毕(Viterbi)收信机衰减影响的方法,这种收信机通过易受干扰的信道接收无线电信号,该方法包括下列步骤:
接收天线上的信号,该天线彼此相隔一段距离;
将收自各天线的信号取样成所收到的天线信号;
对某一信道作出估计值,估计信道的传输函数;然后
按照维特毕算法在维特毕收信机的均衡器中对信号进行处理,其中给维特毕算法的各状态变化都取了理论符号;
其特征在于,所述信道估计值包括至少两(R)个属于个别天线(4)的部分信道估计值(hest,r),其中在所示取样时刻(k)的方法还包括下列步骤:
借助于部分信道估计值(hest,r)从理论符号(S(△Tij)形成理论输入信号(sa,r(△Tij,k)),其中维特毕算法的状态每次变化(△Tij)时都形成有各部分信号估计值(hest,r)的理论输入信号(sa,r(△Tij,k));
根据所收到的属于部分信道估计值和相应理论输入信号(sa,r(△Tij,k))的天线信号(sin,r(k))形成各个部分信道估计值(hest,r)的部分度量值(mr(△Tij,k));
维特毕算法中的指示状态在旧态(Tj)与新态(Ti)之间转变(△Tij)时形成一度量值(M(△Tij,k)),例如按照维特毕算法在取样时刻(k-1)为旧态(Tj)选取的度量值(M(Tj,k-1)),其中取样时刻(k-1)在所指示的取样时刻(k)之前,所指示的取样时刻(k)则随属于各部分信道估计值(hest,r)的部分度量值(mr(△Tij,k))的加权(Kr)和增加;和
所有状态转变(△Tij)为新态(Ti)时形成度量值,该度量值与所指 示的状态变化(△Tij)的度量值(M(△Tij,k))相对应,此外还根据维特毕算法在转变为新态(Ti)时选取这些度量值(M(△Tij,k)的最小值(M(Tj,k))。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,根据所收到的天线信号(sin,r(k))与相应的理论输入信号(sa,r(△Tij,k))之间差值的绝对值形成各部分度量值(mr(△Tij,k))。
3、根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所有加权部分度量值(mr(△Tij,k))用的系数(Kr),它们的值彼此相等(Kr=P/R)。
4、根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,根据所收到的相应天线信号(sin,r(k))的幅值选择加权部分度量值(mr(△Tij,k))用的系数(Kr)。
5、根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,加权部分度量值(mr(△Tij,k))用的系数(Kr)与所收到的天线信号(sin,r(k))的能量成正比(c)。
CN91101088A 1990-02-16 1991-02-18 具有至少两个天线的维特毕收信机衰减影响的减小方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1025400C (zh)

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