CN102539336A - Method and system for estimating inhalable particles based on HJ-1 satellite - Google Patents
Method and system for estimating inhalable particles based on HJ-1 satellite Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for estimating inhalable particles based on an HJ-1 satellite. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, inverting the optical thickness of an aerosol in a target area by original data which are acquired by charge coupled device (CCD) cameras of an HJ-1A satellite and an HJ-1B satellite, and interpolating and smoothing the optical thickness of the aerosol in the target area; 2, acquiring the height of an atmospheric boundary layer through a laser radar, and vertically correcting the interpolated and smoothed optical thickness of the aerosol according to the height of the atmospheric boundary layer to obtain an extinction coefficient of a near-surface aerosol; 3, acquiring near-surface relative humidity by observation of a weather instrument, and performing humidity correction on the extinction coefficient of the near-surface aerosol to obtain the extinction coefficient of a dried near-surface aerosol, wherein the extinction coefficient is not influenced by moisture absorption growth; and 4, converting the extinction coefficient of the dried near-surface aerosol into the concentration of near-surface inhalable particles. The method has the advantage that: by continuously and dynamically acquiring atmospheric information through satellite remote sensing, the space distribution of the inhalable particles in a large area can be reflected comprehensively and dynamically.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to atmospheric environment remote sensing monitoring technical field, particularly a kind of pellet evaluation method and system based on a satellite of environment.
Background technology
As a kind of main atmosphere pollution, gasoloid has been admitted facts to the influence of publilc health, and direct threats human survival and sustainable development.Wherein, Pellet PM10 (aerodynamic diameter is less than the particle of 10 μ m) but the bronchial region of intelligent's body; Particle diameter can reach alveolar region less than the particle of 5 μ m; The littler example of part even can get into the blood of human body circulation system through capillary causes bigger harm to heart and cardiovascular.According to " China Environmental State Bulletin in 2006 " statistics, in 557 cities of China's monitoring, 43.4% urban atmosphere quality does not have up to standard, and particle is major pollutants.
Spatial and temporal distributions, source and the transmission path that accurately obtains PM10 is to weigh its pollution effect, formulates the important leverage that particle is prevented and treated policy.The main ground station that relies on of current PM10 monitoring; Yet because the general expensive and maintenance complicacy of scope; Environmental monitoring website skewness and limited amount; Can't reflect the space distribution of pellet in big zone comprehensively, dynamically, be difficult to pollutant source, transfer passage are accurately analyzed.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that (one) will solve
How comprehensively, dynamically the technical matters that the present invention will solve is to reflect the space distribution of pellet in big zone, and pollutant source, transfer passage are accurately analyzed, and reduces equipment cost and safeguards complexity.
(2) technical scheme
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of pellet evaluation method based on a satellite of environment, may further comprise the steps:
S1: the aerosol optical depth of the raw data inverting target area that the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment obtains, and the aerosol optical depth of said target area carried out interpolation and smoothing processing;
S2: obtain atmospheric boundary layer height through laser radar, each pixel through the aerosol optical depth after said interpolation and the smoothing processing is carried out vertical correcting one by one, obtain aerocolloidal extinction coefficient near the ground according to said atmospheric boundary layer height;
S3: the observation through atmospherium obtains relative humidity near the ground; According to said relative humidity near the ground each pixel of said Aerosol Extinction near the ground is carried out humidity one by one and correct, obtain not have moisture absorption to increase the Aerosol Extinction dry near the ground of influence;
S4:, each pixel of said drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground is converted into one by one the concentration of pellet near the ground according to the concentration of pellet near the ground and the correlationship of said drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground.
Wherein, step S1 specifically comprises:
S11: based on the radiation delivery model to how much of difference observations, gasoloid pattern, aerosol optical depth; And the apparent reflectance of the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment is simulated under the type condition of the face of land, sets up the multidimensional lookup table of inverting aerosol optical depth;
S12: the raw data of obtaining the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment; Said raw data is resampled; Obtain how much of radiation calibration coefficient and the observations corresponding in the auxiliary data file by said raw data with said raw data; Through said radiation calibration coefficient will be apparent reflectance through the grayvalue transition of the raw data after resampling, and said observation comprises for how much: the relative bearing of solar zenith angle, observation zenith angle and the sun and satellite;
S13: calculate normalized differential vegetation index according to said apparent reflectance; Carry out the identification of dark pixel according to said normalized differential vegetation index; Utilize said observation how much said multidimensional lookup table to be carried out interpolation; Obtain the atmospheric parameter of red, the blue wave band of said dark pixel under the different aerosol optical depths; And, obtaining the aerosol optical depth of target area through the radiation transfer equation inverting according to the apparent reflectance of said atmospheric parameter and said dark pixel, said dark pixel is the pixel of normalized differential vegetation index greater than setting threshold;
S14: adopt the distance weighted average filtering method of N * N pixel, the aerosol optical depth of target area is carried out interpolation and smoothing processing.
Wherein, Among the step S13; Utilize normalized differential vegetation index to discern dark pixel; Utilize how much of said observations interpolation from said multidimensional lookup table to obtain the atmospheric parameter of red, the blue wave band of said dark pixel under the different aerosol optical depths; Calculate the earth surface reflection rate of red, the blue wave band that obtains dark pixel according to the apparent albedometer of red, the blue wave band of said radiation transfer equation and said dark pixel, the ratio between the earth surface reflection rate of red, the blue wave band of the said dark pixel of match is identical with the dark pixel experience ratio of actual measurement, and this moment, the aerosol optical depth of correspondence was the inversion result of this dark pixel; Said atmospheric parameter is corresponding with aerosol optical depth, comprising: the path radiation term equivalence reflectivity of the hemispherical reflectance of atmosphere lower bound, atmospheric transmittance and atmosphere.
Wherein, step S2 specifically comprises:
S21: obtain atmospheric boundary layer height through laser radar;
S22: through the said Aerosol Extinction near the ground of computes,
K
a，0(λ)≈τ
a(λ)/H
A
Wherein, K
A, 0(λ) be said subaerial Aerosol Extinction, τ
a(λ) be aerosol optical depth, H through said pretreated target area
ABe said atmospheric boundary layer height.
Wherein, step S3 specifically comprises:
S31: the observation through atmospherium obtains relative humidity near the ground;
S32: through the said drying of computes Aerosol Extinction near the ground,
k
a，Dry(λ)＝k
a，0(λ)/(1-RH/100)
-g
Wherein, k
A, Dry(λ) be said drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground, k
A, 0(λ) be said subaerial Aerosol Extinction, RH is said relative humidity near the ground, and g is the constant by the decision of aerosol chemistry component.
Wherein, in step S4, pass through the concentration of the said pellet near the ground of computes,
PM
10＝ak
a，Dry+b
Wherein, PM
10Be the concentration of said pellet near the ground, a and b are the constant that is obtained by the ground observation data fitting, k
A, Dry(λ) be said drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground.
Wherein, also comprise step after the step S4:
S5: the concentration of the said pellet near the ground that will obtain is exported.
The invention also discloses a kind of pellet estimating system, comprising based on a satellite of environment:
Inversion processing module is used for the aerosol optical depth of the raw data inverting target area that the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment obtains, and the aerosol optical depth of said target area is carried out interpolation and smoothing processing;
Vertically correct module; Be used for obtaining atmospheric boundary layer height through laser radar; According to said atmospheric boundary layer height each pixel through the aerosol optical depth after said interpolation and the smoothing processing is carried out vertical correcting one by one, obtain aerocolloidal extinction coefficient near the ground;
Humidity is corrected module; Be used for obtaining relative humidity near the ground through the observation of atmospherium; According to said relative humidity near the ground each pixel of said Aerosol Extinction near the ground is carried out humidity one by one and correct, obtain not have moisture absorption to increase the Aerosol Extinction dry near the ground of influence;
Conversion module is used for the correlationship according to pellet mass concentration and said drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground, each pixel of said drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground is converted into one by one the concentration of pellet near the ground.
Wherein, said inversion processing module further comprises:
Look-up table is set up submodule; Be used for based on the radiation delivery model how much of difference observations, gasoloid pattern, aerosol optical depth; And the apparent reflectance of the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment is simulated under the type condition of the face of land, sets up the multidimensional lookup table of inverting aerosol optical depth;
The pre-service submodule; Be used to obtain the raw data of the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment; Said raw data is resampled; Obtain how much of radiation calibration coefficient and the observations corresponding in the auxiliary data file by said raw data with said raw data; Through said radiation calibration coefficient will be apparent reflectance through the grayvalue transition of the raw data after resampling, and said observation comprises for how much: the relative bearing of solar zenith angle, observation zenith angle and the sun and satellite;
Calculate the inverting submodule; Be used for calculating normalized differential vegetation index according to said apparent reflectance; Carry out the identification of dark pixel according to said normalized differential vegetation index; Utilize said observation how much said multidimensional lookup table to be carried out interpolation, obtain the atmospheric parameter of red, the blue wave band of said dark pixel under the different aerosol optical depths, and according to the apparent reflectance of said atmospheric parameter and said dark pixel; Obtain the aerosol optical depth of target area through the radiation transfer equation inverting, said dark pixel is the pixel of normalized differential vegetation index greater than setting threshold;
Interpolation smoothing processing submodule is used to adopt the distance weighted average filtering method of N * N pixel, and the aerosol optical depth of target area is carried out interpolation and smoothing processing.
(3) beneficial effect
The advantage of atmospheric information continuously, is dynamically obtained in the present invention's remote sensing via satellite; Comprehensively, reflected the space distribution of pellet in big zone dynamically; Can originate to pollutant, transfer passage accurately analyzes, and reduced equipment cost and safeguarded complexity.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram based on the pellet evaluation method of a satellite of environment according to one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the concentration result comparison figure of PM10 of concentration and the ground observation of the PM10 near the ground that estimates according to this embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart based on the pellet estimating system of a satellite of environment according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, specific embodiments of the invention describes in further detail.Following examples are used to explain the present invention, but are not used for limiting scope of the present invention.
Satellite remote sensing has the advantage of in the large space scope, continuously, dynamically obtaining atmospheric information; Macroscopical distribution trend, the source remittance that can on different scale, reflect pollutant distribute and transmission path, and monitoring for the omnibearing stereo of atmospheric pollution provides important information source.In recent years, satellite remote sensing date is widely used in particle and dusty gas monitoring, and air quality policy making and air pollution forecasting are had huge using value.
But the spatial resolution and the temporal resolution of satellite data are depended in the business monitoring that utilizes satellite remote sensing to carry out atmospheric environment to a great extent.Like (the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of American National Air and Space Executive Agent; NASA) Moderate Imaging Spectroradiomete (moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer; MODIS) data have twice covering every day; But the aerosol optical depth product of NASA announcement at present has only 10km, is still seeming coarse aspect the municipal pollution monitoring; Thematic mapper (the Thematic Mapper of U.S.'s road resource satellite (Landsat); TM), charge coupled cell (the Charge-coupled Device of China's mini-bus landsat (CBERS-02B); CCD) etc. the sensor spatial resolution is superior to 30m; Though can satisfy the needs of spatial resolution, the cycle of returning to of the fabric width of 100km and tens days is difficult to satisfy the demand of practical application.China is in a satellite of environment (HJ-1A/B) of emission on September 6th, 2008; The CCD camera of its lift-launch has high spatial resolution (substar resolution is 30m) and high time resolution (A star and B star are united use can cover the whole nation in 2 days); Than load such as MODIS and TM, CBERS-02B/CCD, be suitable for the monitoring of group of cities particle concentration areal distribution aspect two in time and space.
Based on a satellite of environment (HJ-1A/B) but CCD image data inverting aerosol optical depth (Aerosol Optical Thickness, AOT).AOT is an aerocolloidal extinction coefficient integration in vertical direction in the whole atmosphere; The concentration of itself and PM10 near the ground has certain correlativity; But the correlationship of the two mainly receives the influence of two uncertain factors, i.e. the moisture absorption rising characteristic of aerosol vertical distribution and Aerosol Extinction.These two factors respectively with pollution source, SEQUENCING VERTICAL structure, meteorological condition, and aerocolloidal pattern, particle spectra distribute closely related with chemical composition, with and marked change different in season with the region.Therefore, directly the AOT by HJ-1A/B estimates that the concentration of PM10 near the ground is faced with a large amount of uncertainties, and its time and space applicability are limited.Therefore need be by the concentration of data-evaluation PM10 near the ground such as aerosol vertical distribution and moisture absorption growth, to satisfy the actual needs of environmental monitoring.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram based on the pellet evaluation method of a satellite of environment according to one embodiment of the present invention, may further comprise the steps:
S1: the AOT of the CCD image data inverting target area (like the North China) that obtains according to the HJ-1A/B star, and the AOT of said target area carried out interpolation and smoothing processing;
Specifically comprise: S11: (the radiation delivery model is Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum in this embodiment based on the radiation delivery model; The 6S model) to how much of difference observations, gasoloid pattern, aerosol optical depth (in this embodiment; The span of aerosol optical depth is 0～2); And the HJ-1A/B star CCD camera apparent reflectance red, blue wave band under the type condition of the face of land simulates, and sets up the multidimensional lookup table of inverting aerosol optical depth, in this embodiment; Relevant parameter is set at: 9 solar zenith angles (0 °, 6 °, 12 °, 24 °, 35.2 °, 48 °, 54 °, 60 ° and 66 °); The wave band that look-up table calculates is the blue wave band and the red wave band of CCD camera, and aerosol model is a continent type gasoloid, is made as 6 grades (0,0.25,0.5,1,1.5 and 1.95) with respect to the aerosol optical depth at 0.55 mum wavelength place; Height above sea level is 0 meter, and face of land type is a vegetation.
S12: obtain the CCD image data through the CCD camera on the HJ-1A/B star; For accelerating travelling speed and improving signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio); Said CCD image data is carried out the synthetic of 10 * 10 pixels; Resampling becomes the image of 300 meters resolution; Obtain radiation calibration coefficient and the observation how much corresponding with said CCD image data in the auxiliary data xml file by said CCD image data, will convert apparent reflectance into through the gray-scale value (DN value) of the CCD image data after resampling through said radiation calibration coefficient, said observation comprises for how much: the relative bearing of solar zenith angle, observation zenith angle and the sun and satellite.
S13: calculate normalized differential vegetation index (NormalizedDifference Vegetation Index according to said apparent reflectance; NDVI); Discern dark pixel according to the NDVI that calculates; Utilize how much of said observations interpolation from said multidimensional lookup table to obtain that said dark pixel under the different optical thickness is red, the atmospheric parameter of blue wave band; Calculate the earth surface reflection rate of red, the blue wave band that obtains dark pixel according to the apparent albedometer of red, the blue wave band of radiation transfer equation and said dark pixel; The ratio between the earth surface reflection rate of red, the blue wave band of the said dark pixel of match and the dark pixel experience ratio of actual measurement (the ground actual measurement obtains, and is generally 1.55) are identical, and this moment, corresponding aerosol optical depth was the inversion result of this dark pixel; Said dark pixel is that normalized differential vegetation index is greater than setting threshold (in this embodiment; Setting threshold is 0.3) pixel, said atmospheric parameter is corresponding with aerosol optical depth, comprising: the path radiation term equivalence reflectivity of the hemispherical reflectance of atmosphere lower bound, atmospheric transmittance and atmosphere.
S14: the distance weighted average filtering method that adopts N * N pixel; Aerosol optical depth to the target area carries out interpolation and smoothly waits pre-service; In this embodiment; Because the high reflection face of land (like exposed soil) and cloud pixel do not satisfy dark pixel condition and do not carry out the AOT inverting, there is certain null value district in the aerosol optical depth of the target area that step S13 obtains, is the AOT value and the inhibition abnormity point of the non-dark pixel point of interior slotting part; Need carry out interpolation and smoothing processing to the AOT of target area, adopt the distance weighted average filtering method of 9 * 9 pixels to carry out.
S2: obtain atmospheric boundary layer height through laser radar, each pixel through the AOT after interpolation and the smoothing processing is carried out vertical correcting one by one, obtain aerocolloidal extinction coefficient near the ground, be specially based on said atmospheric boundary layer height:
AOT is the vertical integration of each layer of atmosphere Aerosol Extinction:
Wherein, k
a(λ, z) the expression af at wavelength lambda highly is being the Aerosol Extinction of z.Suppose that Aerosol Extinction vertically is the distribution of negative exponent:
k
a(λ，z)≈k
a，0(λ)exp(-z/H
A)
Wherein, H
ARepresent aerocolloidal absolute altitude, the approximate replacement of atmospheric boundary layer height of promptly obtaining, k here with laser radar
A, 0(λ) represent subaerial Aerosol Extinction.Two formulas above comprehensive can get:
Based on above-mentioned equation, the atmospheric boundary layer height that laser radar promptly capable of using obtains is vertically corrected said HJ-1A/B satellite AOT, obtains Aerosol Extinction near the ground, that is:
k
a，0(λ)≈τ
a(λ)/H
A
Wherein, k
A, 0(λ) be said subaerial Aerosol Extinction, τ
a(λ) be the aerosol optical depth of the target area after interpolation and smoothing processing, H
ABe said atmospheric boundary layer height.
S3: the observation through atmospherium obtains relative humidity near the ground; According to said relative humidity near the ground each pixel of said Aerosol Extinction near the ground being carried out humidity one by one corrects; Acquisition does not have moisture absorption to increase the Aerosol Extinction dry near the ground of influence; Particularly, the observation through atmospherium obtains relative humidity near the ground; Aerosol extinction moisture absorption growth factor f (RH) is an environment Aerosol Extinction (contain moisture absorption increase influence) and the ratio of dry aerosol extinction coefficient (no moisture absorption increases to be influenced), and gets the moisture absorption growth factor and do
f(RH)＝(1-RH/100)-g
Wherein, RH is a said relative humidity near the ground (number percent), and g is the constant by the decision of aerosol chemistry component.The Aerosol Extinction k under the drying condition then
A, Dry(λ) can be by the Aerosol Extinction k near the ground of said process S3 gained
A, 0(λ) correct through humidity and obtain:
k
a，Dry(λ)＝k
a，0(λ)/(1-RH/100)
-g
Wherein, k
A, Dry(λ) be said drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground, k
A, 0(λ) be said subaerial Aerosol Extinction, RH is said relative humidity near the ground, and g is the constant by the decision of aerosol chemistry component.
S4: according to the concentration of pellet near the ground and the correlationship of said drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground; Each pixel of said drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground is converted into one by one the concentration of pellet near the ground; Particularly, according to the Mie scattering law, compose under certain situation in aerosol chemistry component and example; The dry aerosol extinction coefficient is directly proportional with the concentration of said PM10; Then can estimate the concentration of PM10 near the ground according to the dry aerosol extinction coefficient that the correlationship of the two is obtained by said process S3, through the concentration of the said PM10 near the ground of computes
PM
10＝ak
a，Dry+b
Wherein, PM
10Be the concentration of said pellet near the ground, a and b are the constant that is obtained by the ground observation data fitting, k
A, Dry(λ) be said drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground.
Also comprise step after the step S4:
S5: the concentration of the said pellet near the ground that will obtain is exported; In this embodiment; The estimation result of the concentration of said PM10 near the ground is output as the grid image file (like GeoTiff) with spatial orientation information, and generates thematic map and statistical report form automatically according to the service needed of environment monitoring.
The concentration of the PM10 near the ground that Fig. 2 estimates for the CCD image data that obtains according to HJ-1A/B in this embodiment is compared figure with the result of the concentration (being drawn by air pollution index API reckoning) of the PM10 of Beijing area ground observation; The time that data are obtained is that on May 2nd, 2009 was to August 23; Totally 26 day data can find out that the two has higher consistance.
The invention also discloses a kind of pellet estimating system based on a satellite of environment, as shown in Figure 3, comprising:
Inversion processing module is used for the aerosol optical depth of the raw data inverting target area that the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment obtains, and the aerosol optical depth of said target area is carried out interpolation and smoothing processing;
Vertically correct module; Be used for obtaining atmospheric boundary layer height through laser radar; According to said atmospheric boundary layer height each pixel through the aerosol optical depth after said interpolation and the smoothing processing is carried out vertical correcting one by one, obtain aerocolloidal extinction coefficient near the ground;
Humidity is corrected module; Be used for obtaining relative humidity near the ground through the observation of atmospherium; According to said relative humidity near the ground each pixel of said Aerosol Extinction near the ground is carried out humidity one by one and correct, obtain not have moisture absorption to increase the Aerosol Extinction dry near the ground of influence;
Conversion module is used for the correlationship according to pellet mass concentration and said drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground, each pixel of said drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground is converted into one by one the concentration of pellet near the ground.
Wherein, said inversion processing module further comprises:
Look-up table is set up submodule; Be used for based on the radiation delivery model how much of difference observations, gasoloid pattern, aerosol optical depth; And the apparent reflectance of the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment is simulated under the type condition of the face of land, sets up the multidimensional lookup table of inverting aerosol optical depth;
The pre-service submodule; Be used to obtain the raw data of the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment; Said raw data is resampled; Obtain how much of radiation calibration coefficient and the observations corresponding in the auxiliary data file by said raw data with said raw data; Through said radiation calibration coefficient will be apparent reflectance through the grayvalue transition of the raw data after resampling, and said observation comprises for how much: the relative bearing of solar zenith angle, observation zenith angle and the sun and satellite;
Calculate the inverting submodule; Be used for calculating normalized differential vegetation index according to said apparent reflectance; Carry out the identification of dark pixel according to said normalized differential vegetation index; Utilize said observation how much said multidimensional lookup table to be carried out interpolation, obtain the atmospheric parameter of red, the blue wave band of said dark pixel under the different aerosol optical depths, and according to the apparent reflectance of said atmospheric parameter and said dark pixel; Obtain the aerosol optical depth of target area through the radiation transfer equation inverting, said dark pixel is the pixel of normalized differential vegetation index greater than setting threshold;
Interpolation smoothing processing submodule is used to adopt the distance weighted average filtering method of N * N pixel, and the aerosol optical depth of target area is carried out interpolation and smoothing processing.
Above embodiment only is used to explain the present invention; And be not limitation of the present invention; The those of ordinary skill in relevant technologies field under the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can also be made various variations and modification; Therefore all technical schemes that are equal to also belong to category of the present invention, and scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. the pellet evaluation method based on a satellite of environment is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
S1: the aerosol optical depth of the raw data inverting target area that the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment obtains, and the aerosol optical depth of said target area carried out interpolation and smoothing processing;
S2: obtain atmospheric boundary layer height through laser radar, each pixel through the aerosol optical depth after said interpolation and the smoothing processing is carried out vertical correcting one by one, obtain aerocolloidal extinction coefficient near the ground according to said atmospheric boundary layer height;
S3: the observation through atmospherium obtains relative humidity near the ground; According to said relative humidity near the ground each pixel of said Aerosol Extinction near the ground is carried out humidity one by one and correct, obtain not have moisture absorption to increase the Aerosol Extinction dry near the ground of influence;
S4:, each pixel of said drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground is converted into one by one the concentration of pellet near the ground according to the concentration of pellet near the ground and the correlationship of said drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground.
2. pellet evaluation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that step S1 specifically comprises:
S11: based on the radiation delivery model to how much of difference observations, gasoloid pattern, aerosol optical depth; And the apparent reflectance of the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment is simulated under the type condition of the face of land, sets up the multidimensional lookup table of inverting aerosol optical depth;
S12: the raw data of obtaining the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment; Said raw data is resampled; Obtain how much of radiation calibration coefficient and the observations corresponding in the auxiliary data file by said raw data with said raw data; Through said radiation calibration coefficient will be apparent reflectance through the grayvalue transition of the raw data after resampling, and said observation comprises for how much: the relative bearing of solar zenith angle, observation zenith angle and the sun and satellite;
S13: calculate normalized differential vegetation index according to said apparent reflectance; Carry out the identification of dark pixel according to said normalized differential vegetation index; Utilize said observation how much said multidimensional lookup table to be carried out interpolation; Obtain the atmospheric parameter of red, the blue wave band of said dark pixel under the different aerosol optical depths; And, obtaining the aerosol optical depth of target area through the radiation transfer equation inverting according to the apparent reflectance of said atmospheric parameter and said dark pixel, said dark pixel is the pixel of normalized differential vegetation index greater than setting threshold;
S14: adopt the distance weighted average filtering method of N * N pixel, the aerosol optical depth of target area is carried out interpolation and smoothing processing.
3. pellet evaluation method as claimed in claim 2; It is characterized in that; Among the step S13; Utilize normalized differential vegetation index to discern dark pixel; Utilize how much of said observations interpolation from said multidimensional lookup table to obtain the atmospheric parameter of red, the blue wave band of said dark pixel under the different aerosol optical depths; Calculate the earth surface reflection rate of red, the blue wave band that obtains dark pixel according to the apparent albedometer of red, the blue wave band of said radiation transfer equation and said dark pixel, the ratio between the earth surface reflection rate of red, the blue wave band of the said dark pixel of match is identical with the dark pixel experience ratio of actual measurement, and this moment, the aerosol optical depth of correspondence was the inversion result of this dark pixel; Said atmospheric parameter is corresponding with aerosol optical depth, comprising: the path radiation term equivalence reflectivity of the hemispherical reflectance of atmosphere lower bound, atmospheric transmittance and atmosphere.
4. pellet evaluation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that step S2 specifically comprises:
S21: obtain atmospheric boundary layer height through laser radar;
S22: through the said Aerosol Extinction near the ground of computes,
K
a，0(λ)≈τ
a(λ)/H
A
Wherein, K
A, 0(λ) be said subaerial Aerosol Extinction, τ
a(λ) be aerosol optical depth, H through said pretreated target area
ABe said atmospheric boundary layer height.
5. pellet evaluation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that step S3 specifically comprises:
S31: the observation through atmospherium obtains relative humidity near the ground;
S32: through the said drying of computes Aerosol Extinction near the ground,
k
a，Dry(λ)＝k
a，0(λ)/(1-RH/100)
-g
Wherein, k
A, Dry(λ) be said drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground, k
A, 0(λ) be said subaerial Aerosol Extinction, RH is said relative humidity near the ground, and g is the constant by the decision of aerosol chemistry component.
6. pellet evaluation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in step S4, passes through the concentration of the said pellet near the ground of computes,
PM
10＝ak
a，Dry+b
Wherein, PM
10Be the concentration of said pellet near the ground, a and b are the constant that is obtained by the ground observation data fitting, k
A, Dry(λ) be said drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground.
7. pellet evaluation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises step after the step S4:
S5: the concentration of the said pellet near the ground that will obtain is exported.
8. the pellet estimating system based on a satellite of environment is characterized in that, comprising:
Inversion processing module is used for the aerosol optical depth of the raw data inverting target area that the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment obtains, and the aerosol optical depth of said target area is carried out interpolation and smoothing processing;
Vertically correct module; Be used for obtaining atmospheric boundary layer height through laser radar; According to said atmospheric boundary layer height each pixel through the aerosol optical depth after said interpolation and the smoothing processing is carried out vertical correcting one by one, obtain aerocolloidal extinction coefficient near the ground;
Humidity is corrected module; Be used for obtaining relative humidity near the ground through the observation of atmospherium; According to said relative humidity near the ground each pixel of said Aerosol Extinction near the ground is carried out humidity one by one and correct, obtain not have moisture absorption to increase the Aerosol Extinction dry near the ground of influence;
Conversion module is used for the correlationship according to pellet mass concentration and said drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground, each pixel of said drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground is converted into one by one the concentration of pellet near the ground.
9. pellet estimating system as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, said inversion processing module further comprises:
Look-up table is set up submodule; Be used for based on the radiation delivery model how much of difference observations, gasoloid pattern, aerosol optical depth; And the apparent reflectance of the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment is simulated under the type condition of the face of land, sets up the multidimensional lookup table of inverting aerosol optical depth;
The pre-service submodule; Be used to obtain the raw data of the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment; Said raw data is resampled; Obtain how much of radiation calibration coefficient and the observations corresponding in the auxiliary data file by said raw data with said raw data; Through said radiation calibration coefficient will be apparent reflectance through the grayvalue transition of the raw data after resampling, and said observation comprises for how much: the relative bearing of solar zenith angle, observation zenith angle and the sun and satellite;
Calculate the inverting submodule; Be used for calculating normalized differential vegetation index according to said apparent reflectance; Carry out the identification of dark pixel according to said normalized differential vegetation index; Utilize said observation how much said multidimensional lookup table to be carried out interpolation, obtain the atmospheric parameter of red, the blue wave band of said dark pixel under the different aerosol optical depths, and according to the apparent reflectance of said atmospheric parameter and said dark pixel; Obtain the aerosol optical depth of target area through the radiation transfer equation inverting, said dark pixel is the pixel of normalized differential vegetation index greater than setting threshold;
Interpolation smoothing processing submodule is used to adopt the distance weighted average filtering method of N * N pixel, and the aerosol optical depth of target area is carried out interpolation and smoothing processing.
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