CN107972887A - The monitoring method and device of PM2.5 - Google Patents
The monitoring method and device of PM2.5 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107972887A CN107972887A CN201711175536.7A CN201711175536A CN107972887A CN 107972887 A CN107972887 A CN 107972887A CN 201711175536 A CN201711175536 A CN 201711175536A CN 107972887 A CN107972887 A CN 107972887A
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/10—Artificial satellites; Systems of such satellites; Interplanetary vehicles
- B64G1/1021—Earth observation satellites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/24—Guiding or controlling apparatus, e.g. for attitude control
- B64G1/32—Guiding or controlling apparatus, e.g. for attitude control using earth's magnetic field
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/42—Arrangements or adaptations of power supply systems
- B64G1/44—Arrangements or adaptations of power supply systems using radiation, e.g. deployable solar arrays
- B64G1/443—Photovoltaic cell arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
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- G01N15/075—
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of monitoring method and device of PM2.5.This method includes：The imaging system carried by using default Cubesat satellites, scattering light of the recording laser flat pad to the laser of exterior spatial emission, obtain target image, at interval of the first preset time, the target image is sent to Ground analysis equipment so that the Ground analysis equipment is according to the target image, obtain concentration value and the distribution of PM2.5, realize and carry out omnibearing observation, and the concentration value of PM2.5 and distribution in the image acquisition object space based on omnibearing observation to the PM2.5 in object space on the premise of object space Atmospheric components are not destroyed.More accurate by the distribution of PM2.5 obtained by single angular observation by the distribution and Monitoring by Lidar method of PM2.5 obtained by inverting compared with Satellite Remote Sensing method by the distribution for putting PM2.5 obtained by the observation of position entirely to object space, the concentration value of the PM2.5 of acquisition is also more accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of satellite design, more particularly, to the monitoring method and device of a kind of PM2.5.
Background technology
PM2.5 refers to the particulate matter that aerodynamics equivalent diameter in surrounding air is less than or equal to 2.5 microns.Its particle diameter is small,
Area is big, and activity is strong, easily incidentally poisonous and harmful substances (for example, heavy metal, microorganism etc.), and residence time in an atmosphere
Length, fed distance are remote, and the influence to health and atmosphere quality is very big.Therefore, concentration monitor is carried out to PM2.5, it is right
It is of great significance in the formulation of air quality monitoring and air quality Improving Measurements.
In the prior art, the method for concentration monitor is carried out to PM2.5 mainly to be included：Ground monitoring station monitoring method, satellite are distant
Feel monitoring method and laser light scattering radar monitoring method.
Ground monitoring station monitoring method, mainly by the way that PM2.5 is separated with bulky grain, measures the PM2.5 weight separated.
During specific concentration monitor, air with certain flow velocity by cutter, under the action of aspiration pump, the particle that is relatively large in diameter
It is trapped, PM10 particles is separated, into PM10 analyzer；Collection, the analysis of PM2.5 needs segmented device Second Interception,
Further PM2.5 particles are separated, the PM2.5 particles collected enter analyzer, are trapped on filter membrane, then pass through
A branch of β radiation exposures, due to being decayed by scattering when ray passes through filter paper and particulate matter, pass through according to the degree of β ray attenuations
Certain formula calculates the concentration that can draw PM2.5.Satellite Remote Sensing method, passes through the satellite data inverting AOD of acquisition
Data, PM2.5 concentration values are obtained using AOD data inversions.
Laser light scattering radar monitoring method, is based primarily upon Mie-scattering lidar, according in air target suspended particulate it is peculiar straight
Footpath, targetedly selects optical maser wavelength, and then, when laser radar system is run, laser is launched to specific target areas
The laser of selected wavelength.Laser is acted on be subject to Atmospheric particulates, produces the scattered light signal of all directions.Laser light scattering radar
Back scattering optical signal is collected using optical detecting unit, and analyzes the light scattering signal image collected, obtains target in air
The distribution of suspended particulate.For example, being directed to PM2.5, the laser of 532nm wavelength is selected.Then, run in laser radar system
When, the laser of wavelength selected by laser to specific target areas transmitting.Laser is acted on be subject to Atmospheric particulates, produces each side
To scattered light signal.Laser light scattering radar collects back scattering optical signal using optical detecting unit, and analyzes the light collected
Scattered signal image, obtains the distribution of target suspended particulate in air, and then realizes the real-time monitoring of PM2.5 concentration.
The air pollution situation that ground monitoring station monitoring method is only capable of to monitoring point is detected, and can break meeting local atmosphere point
Cloth state.Satellite Remote Sensing method, it is vaporous greatly come inverting using AOD data by the satellite data inverting AOD data of acquisition
State, obtained atmospheric condition and Real Atmosphere state are there are error, and the PM2.5 concentration values calculated according to atmospheric condition are inadequate
Accurately.Laser light scattering radar monitoring method, is only capable of receiving back scattering optical signal, the sight to a wide range of interior particulate matter spatial distribution
Measuring angle is single.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of monitoring method and device of PM2.5, to overcome the prior art can not be in object space
PM2.5 carries out omnibearing observation, and the concentration value of PM2.5 and distribution in the image acquisition object space based on omnibearing observation.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of monitoring method of PM2.5, this method include：Step 1, using pre-
If the imaging system that Cubesat satellites carry, scattering light of the recording laser flat pad to the laser of exterior spatial emission, obtains
Target image；Step 2, at interval of the first preset time, the target image is sent to Ground analysis equipment so that describedly
Surface analysis equipment obtains concentration value and the distribution of PM2.5 according to the target image.
Wherein, the method further includes：According to the concentration value and changes in distribution of the PM2.5 in the second preset time period,
Predict the concentration value of PM2.5 and the variation tendency of distribution in the exterior space.
Wherein, the default Cubesat satellites preset Cubesat satellites for low orbit, run on sun synchronization and return rail
Road；The default Cubesat satellites are the cuboid of 100 × 100 × 200mm3, using laminated board type 2U structures；It is described default
Cubesat satellites include：Structural mechanism subsystem, power subsystem, spaceborne computer subsystem, communications subsystem, thermal control point
System, attitude control subsystem and payload system；Wherein, the payload system is the imaging system.
Wherein, the structural mechanism subsystem includes the power supply that default Cubesat satellite main bodies are set gradually from top to bottom
Bay section, spaceborne computer bay section, gesture stability bay section, observing and controlling communication bay section, payload bay section and each bay section of enclosing
Four pieces of aluminium alloy plates.
Wherein, the power subsystem includes：Solar battery group, storage battery group and DC/DC converters；The solar energy
Battery pack includes some solar battery sheets, and the solar battery sheet is arranged at the honeycomb interlayer knot of the parallel aluminium alloy plate
On structure substrate；The storage battery group and the DC/DC converters are arranged in the power supply bay section.
Wherein, the spaceborne computer subsystem is to possess daily Star Service management, with the communication of each system and to each system
System is controlled the computer of function；The computer installation is in the spaceborne computer bay section.
Wherein, if the communications subsystem includes VHF/UHF transceivers and dry aerial；The VHF/UHF transceivers are set
In in observing and controlling communication bay section；The antennas orthogonal is set in the aluminium alloy plate.
Wherein, the attitude control subsystem includes：Magnetometer and three-axis magnetorquer；The magnetometer, for ground
Ball Geomagnetic Field Model is contrasted to determine the posture of the default Cubesat satellites；The three-axis magnetorquer is used for institute
Default Cubesat satellites are stated to adjust to the posture；The magnetometer and three-axis magnetorquer are arranged at the gesture stability cabin
In section.
Wherein, the aluminium alloy plate outer surface is coated with heat-barrier material.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of monitoring device of PM2.5, including：Target image acquisition module
With concentration value and distributed acquisition module；The target image acquisition module, for the imaging carried using default Cubesat satellites
System, scattering light of the recording laser flat pad to the laser of exterior spatial emission, obtains target image；The concentration value and point
Cloth acquisition module, at interval of the first preset time, the target image being sent to Ground analysis equipment so that describedly
Surface analysis equipment obtains concentration value and the distribution of PM2.5 according to the target image.
The monitoring method and device of PM2.5 proposed by the present invention, the imaging system carried by using default Cubesat satellites
System, scattering light of the recording laser flat pad to the laser of exterior spatial emission, obtains target image, when being preset at interval of first
Between, the target image is sent to Ground analysis equipment so that the Ground analysis equipment is obtained according to the target image
The concentration value of PM2.5 and distribution, realize on the premise of object space Atmospheric components are not destroyed to the PM2.5 in object space
Carry out omnibearing observation, and the concentration value of PM2.5 and distribution in the image acquisition object space based on omnibearing observation.By right
Object space puts distribution of the distribution of PM2.5 obtained by the observation of position compared with Satellite Remote Sensing method by PM2.5 obtained by inverting entirely
And Monitoring by Lidar method is more accurate by the distribution of PM2.5 obtained by single angular observation, the concentration value of the PM2.5 of acquisition
Also it is more accurate.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the monitoring method flow chart according to a kind of PM2.5 of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram according to the default Cubesat satellite main bodies of the embodiment of the present invention each bay section from top to bottom；
Fig. 3 is the default Cubesat satellites overall schematic according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the default Cubesat satellites explosive view according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the monitoring device flow chart according to a kind of PM2.5 of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Implement below
Example is used to illustrate the present invention, but is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of monitoring method of PM2.5, this method include：Step
Rapid 1, the imaging system carried using default Cubesat satellites, laser of the recording laser flat pad to exterior spatial emission
Light is scattered, obtains target image；Step 2, at interval of the first preset time, the target image is sent to Ground analysis equipment
So that the Ground analysis equipment obtains concentration value and the distribution of PM2.5 according to the target image.
In the present embodiment, laser emitter is provided with Laser emission platform, such as：Sky-based laser transmitter, is used for
To air-launched laser.Laser meets Atmospheric Grains and scatters.The imaging system that default Cubesat satellites carry passes through
Record scattered light intensity can obtain target image.Wherein, it can be multiple to preset Cubesat satellites, so as to obtain at the same time
A large amount of target images use for follow-up.Imaging system is chosen from existing camera according to the actual requirements, it is preferable that can use
CCD camera.When setting sky-based laser transmitter on Laser emission platform, the laser beam of transmitting is Gaussian beam, it scatters light
Spot intensity is from center to upper and lower balance attenuation.Therefore, the factors such as camera size, weight are considered and in order to connect as much as possible
Receive the scattered light intensity after decay, it is preferable that using the CCD camera of KAF-3200ME models.
KAF-3200ME has the resolution ratio of 2184 (H) x1472 (V), and pixel size is x6.8 microns of 6.8 microns (H)
(V).KAF-3200ME parameters are as shown in table 1：
Table 1
In the present embodiment, Ground analysis equipment is the electronic equipment for possessing graphical analysis and data processing function, such as：
Computer.Pre-determined model can from the prior art be used to analyze target image and be handled and according to analysis and handling result
Obtain and chosen as needed in the concentration value of PM2.5 and all models of the variation tendency of distribution, the present embodiment does not limit.
The monitoring method of PM2.5 proposed by the present invention, the imaging system carried by using default Cubesat satellites, note
Scattering light of the Laser emission platform to the laser of exterior spatial emission is recorded, obtains target image, will at interval of the first preset time
The target image is sent to Ground analysis equipment so that the Ground analysis equipment obtains PM2.5 according to the target image
Concentration value and distribution, realize on the premise of object space Atmospheric components are not destroyed in object space PM2.5 carry out
Omnibearing observation, and the concentration value of PM2.5 and distribution in the image acquisition object space based on omnibearing observation.By to target
Space put full the distribution of PM2.5 obtained by the observation of position compared with Satellite Remote Sensing method by the distribution of PM2.5 obtained by inverting and
Monitoring by Lidar method is more accurate by the distribution of PM2.5 obtained by single angular observation, and the concentration value of the PM2.5 of acquisition is also more
Accurately.
The method that embodiment offer is corresponded to based on above-mentioned Fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of monitoring side of PM2.5
Method.Referring to Fig. 2, this method includes：Step 1, the imaging system carried using default Cubesat satellites, recording laser transmitting are flat
Scattering light of the platform to the laser of exterior spatial emission, obtains target image；Step 2, at interval of the first preset time, by the mesh
Logo image is sent to Ground analysis equipment so that the Ground analysis equipment is according to the target image, obtains the concentration of PM2.5
Value and distribution；Step 3, according to the concentration value and changes in distribution of the PM2.5 in the second preset time period, predict described exterior empty
The concentration value of interior PM2.5 and the variation tendency of distribution.
In the present embodiment, since the main task for presetting Cubesat satellites is the fact realized in the range of objective area
Monitoring, therefore, it is that the low orbit for running on Sun synchronization repeating orbit presets Cubesat satellites to preset Cubesat satellites.It is preferred that
Ground, presets Cubesat satellite orbit altitude of the apogees 560km or so, about 96 minutes orbital periods.The default Cubesat is defended
Star is the cuboid of 100 × 100 × 200mm3,2 kilograms is weighed, using laminated board type 2U structures.The default Cubesat satellites bag
Include：Structural mechanism subsystem, power subsystem, spaceborne computer subsystem, communications subsystem, thermal control subsystem, gesture stability
Subsystem and payload system；Wherein, the payload system is the imaging system.The composition and quality of each subsystem
As shown in table 2.Wherein, electrical power and load characteristic are as shown in table 3 needed for the subsystem of electricity consumption.Known by table 3, preset Cubesat
Electrical power needed for electrical equipment on satellite：Peak power 8.14W；Minimum power 0.92W.
Table 2
Table 3
In the present embodiment, the structural mechanism subsystem is set successively from top to bottom including default Cubesat satellite main bodies
Power supply bay section, spaceborne computer bay section, gesture stability bay section, observing and controlling communication bay section, payload bay section and the enclosing put are each
Four pieces of aluminium alloy plates of the bay section.The space distribution of each bay section is as shown in table 4.Default Cubesat satellite main bodies are from top to bottom
The structure diagram of each bay section is as shown in Figure 2.Default Cubesat satellite overall schematics are as shown in Figure 3.Default Cubesat is defended
Star explosive view is as shown in Figure 4.
Table 4
| Bay section title | Length/mm | Width/mm | Highly/mm |
| Payload | 100 | 100 | 95 |
| Power supply | 100 | 100 | 25 |
| Spaceborne computer | 100 | 100 | 25 |
| Gesture stability | 100 | 100 | 30 |
| Observing and controlling communicates | 100 | 100 | 25 |
In the present embodiment, the power subsystem includes：Solar battery group, storage battery group and DC/DC converters；Institute
Stating solar battery group includes some solar battery sheets, and the solar battery sheet is arranged at the bee of the parallel aluminium alloy plate
On nest sandwich substrate；The storage battery group and the DC/DC converters are arranged in the power supply bay section.
According to electronic component situation, default Cubesat satellite power supply subsystem busbar voltage nominal values select 12V.
It is to be powered on default Cubesat satellites with electric loading and storage battery group that solar battery sheet, which is used in area of illumination,.
Due to default Cubesat satellite small volumes, in order to obtain enough electric energy, it is preferred to use gallium arsenide solar cell.Battery
Model NanoPower Solar P110U-A/B, size:92mm x 98.0mm x 2.1mm, quality:59g.Solar-electricity
Pond piece number is preferably 8.Each two is one group, is pasted on the honeycomb interlayer parallel with four aluminium alloy plate difference respectively
On structural substrate, solar array is formed.
When default Cubesat satellite orbits altitude of the apogee is 560km or so, about 96 minutes orbital periods, preset
The light application time that Cubesat satellite transits are often enclosed is about 58% orbital period, the intensity of solar radiation in LEO space
Ps=1353W/m2, presets Cubesat satellite sun energy cell array gross areas A=8 × 92 × 98=0.0721m2, solar-electricity
Pond efficiency eta=40%, presets the light application time T=58% of Cubesat satellite transits, presets Cubesat satellite sun energy batteries
The gross output of battle array：Po=PsA η T=22.63W.In view of seasonal effect, the aging of solar cell and system
The composite factor such as power headroom, the gross output of solar array calculates by 90%：Po '=Po × 90%=
20.37W。
Charge power needed for storage battery group：Pb=Po ' × no light time=20.37 × 42%=8.55W, then preset
The average output power of Cubesat satellite sun energy cell arrays is：P=Po '-Pb=11.8W>8.14W.Therefore, solar-electricity
Chi Zhen meets the charge requirement of storage battery and default Cubesat satellite loads demand.
It is electricity consumption load supplying on default Cubesat satellites by storage battery group in shadow region.Storage battery group can use Cd-
Ni storage batteries, H-Ni storage batteries or Li ion accumulators, it is preferable that using the Cd-Ni storage batteries that cost is low and is easy to get.Cd-Ni
Single battery battery nominal voltage is 1.2V, and single quality is 8g, is required according to busbar voltage, and required single battery quantity needs
Want 10 series connection.In order to improve reliability, using two groups, by protecting circuit and company, therefore single battery 20 is needed altogether.In order to
Prevent single battery open failure, each monomer is wanted and connects open circuit protection diode network.
Battery group capacity C=presets Cubesat satellite power demand x track maximums ecliptic time/(storage battery group is averaged
Discharge voltage x depth of discharges).Default Cubesat satellite demands power P=8.14W, track maximum ecliptic time=0.42 ×
96min=0.67h, storage battery group average discharge volt=12V, because of default Cubesat satellites low orbit operation, it is deep to choose electric discharge
=22% is spent, then battery group capacity C=2.06Ah.Consider the aging of storage battery group, select the electric power storage that rated capacity is 2.2Ah
Pond group, and use the standby battery group of one group of 2.2Ah.
Default Cubesat satellite power supplies busbar 12V voltages, are changed into different voltages and supply each several part circuit by DC/DC converters
Use.Transformer efficiency is smaller, does not influence power budget and check.Preferable DC/DC transducer parameters are as shown in table 5.
Table 5
| Title | Size | Quality | Power |
| Crystalspace PIU“Vasik” | 96mm x 90mm x 7mm | 80g | 0.015W |
In this embodiment, the spaceborne computer subsystem be possess daily Star Service management, with the communication of each system and
The computer of function is controlled to each system；The computer installation is in the spaceborne computer bay section.
It is preferred that the parameter of computer is as shown in table 6.
Table 6
| Type | Size | Quality | Power |
| On board computer | 96mm x 90mm x 12.4mm | 94g | 0.4W |
In this embodiment, if the communications subsystem includes VHF/UHF transceivers and dry aerial；The VHF/UHF transmitting-receivings
Device is arranged in the observing and controlling communication bay section；The antennas orthogonal is set in the aluminium alloy plate.
The number of antenna is preferably 4, and preferably model and parameter is as shown in table 7.To ensure that the image captured by CCD can
Pass ground back to be analyzed, this default Cubesat satellite has selected the VHF/UHF transceivers of the TrxUV of ISIS.VHF/UHF is received
Hair device be former ISIS RF communication system provide communicator, its design be in order to meet various space missions, because
This, which is adapted to CubeSat to preset Cubesat satellites.VHF/UHF transceiver parameters are as shown in table 8.
Table 7
| Title | Quality | Size | Power |
| Turnstile antenna | <100g | 98mm x 98mm x 7mm | <0.04W |
Table 8
In this embodiment, the attitude control subsystem includes：Magnetometer and three-axis magnetorquer；The magnetometer, is used
Contrasted in earth Geomagnetic Field Model with the posture of the definite default Cubesat satellites；The three-axis magnetorquer is used
Adjusted in by the default Cubesat satellites to the posture；The magnetometer and three-axis magnetorquer are arranged at the posture
Control in bay section.
Magnetometer can be any in existing magnetometer, it is preferable that small and light-weight NSS magnetometers are used,
Its parameter is as shown in table 9.Three-axis magnetorquer is wound with the bar magnet of coil by two outsides and one piece of control board forms, respectively
On three directions parallel to posture axis Xb, Yb, Zb.Three-axis magnetorquer can be to appoint in existing three-axis magnetorquer
It is a kind of, it is preferable that as shown in table 10 using ISIS magnetic torquers, its parameter.
Table 9
| Title | Quality | Size | Power |
| NSS magnetometers | <200g | 96mm x 43mm x 17mm | <0.7W |
Table 10
In this embodiment, thermal control subsystem includes：Heat-insulated material is smeared in the aluminium alloy plate outer surface of default Cubesat satellites
Material is used as passive type thermal control to change thermal-conduction resistance and aluminium alloy plate outer surface emissivity；Default Cubesat satellites are largely tied
Component uses aluminium alloy, main body using overall bay section stepped construction, make default Cubesat satellite heat conduction good and thermal capacity greatly with
Beneficial to the thermal balance of default Cubesat satellites；The electronic component of the high fever of default Cubesat inside satellites and storage battery are consolidated
Due on unpierced bulkhead, reduce the temperature of high heat producing component using heat transfer and default Cubesat satelloids inside is maintained one
Fixed temperature, meets the job requirement of each component.
In the present embodiment, Cubesat satellite launchs environment and modal frequency are preset using domestic common rocket launching power
Learn environment and modal frequency.Default Cubesat satellites have 3 kinds of operating modes：1) emission mode：Default Cubesat satellites are broadcast TV programs by satellite
The power safety bolt of arrow adapter is in insert state, and default Cubesat satellite sun energy cell arrays and storage battery group disconnect,
All electrical equipments are stopped on default Cubesat satellites；2) safe mode：Cubesat satellites are preset after satellite and the rocket separation too
Positive energy cell array and storage battery group are connected with electric power management circuit, and Cubesat satellites are preset when power rail voltage is less than 10V
It is operated in safe mode.Default Cubesat satellites other parts in addition to spaceborne computer subsystem are stopped.3) it is normal
Pattern：Cubesat satellite operations are preset when power rail voltage is less than 12V in normal mode, in such a mode, are preset
Cubesat satellites carry out pose adjustment.
As shown in figure 5, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of monitoring device of PM2.5.The device includes：
Target image acquisition module and concentration value and distributed acquisition module；The target image acquisition module, it is default for utilizing
The imaging system that Cubesat satellites carry, scattering light of the recording laser flat pad to the laser of exterior spatial emission, obtains mesh
Logo image；Concentration value and the distributed acquisition module, at interval of the first preset time, the target image to be sent to ground
Surface analysis equipment is so that the Ground analysis equipment obtains concentration value and the distribution of PM2.5 according to the target image.
The monitoring device of PM2.5 proposed by the present invention, by target image acquisition module, utilizes default Cubesat satellites
The imaging system of carrying, scattering light of the recording laser flat pad to the laser of exterior spatial emission, obtains target image, passes through
Concentration value and distributed acquisition module, at interval of the first preset time, the target image is sent to Ground analysis equipment so that
The Ground analysis equipment obtains concentration value and the distribution of PM2.5, realizes and do not destroying target empty according to the target image
Between omnibearing observation is carried out to the PM2.5 in object space on the premise of Atmospheric components, and the image based on omnibearing observation obtains
Take the concentration value of PM2.5 and distribution in object space.Relatively defended by the distribution for putting PM2.5 obtained by the observation of position entirely to object space
Star remote sensing monitoring method is passed through obtained by single angular observation by the distribution and Monitoring by Lidar method of PM2.5 obtained by inverting
The distribution of PM2.5 is more accurate, and the concentration value of the PM2.5 of acquisition is also more accurate.
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that：It still may be used
To modify to the technical solution described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic；
And these modification or replace, do not make appropriate technical solution essence depart from various embodiments of the present invention technical solution spirit and
Scope.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. monitoring method of PM2.5, it is characterised in that including：Step 1, the imaging system carried using default Cubesat satellites, recording laser flat pad is to exterior spatial emission The scattering light of laser, obtains target image；Step 2, at interval of the first preset time, the target image is sent to Ground analysis equipment for the Ground analysis Equipment obtains concentration value and the distribution of PM2.5 according to the target image.
- 2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method further includes：According to the concentration value and changes in distribution of the PM2.5 in the second preset time period, PM2.5 in the exterior space is predicted Concentration value and the variation tendency of distribution.
- 3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the default Cubesat satellites are preset for low orbit Cubesat satellites, run on Sun synchronization repeating orbit；The default Cubesat satellites are the cuboid of 100 × 100 × 200mm3, using laminated board type 2U structures；The default Cubesat satellites include：Structural mechanism subsystem, power subsystem, spaceborne computer subsystem, communication point System, thermal control subsystem, attitude control subsystem and payload system；Wherein, the payload system is the imaging System.
- 4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the structural mechanism subsystem is defended including default Cubesat Power supply bay section that star main body is set gradually from top to bottom, spaceborne computer bay section, gesture stability bay section, observing and controlling communication bay section, have Imitate load bay section and enclose four pieces of aluminium alloy plates of each bay section.
- 5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the power subsystem includes：Solar battery group, electric power storage Pond group and DC/DC converters；The solar battery group includes some solar battery sheets, and the solar battery sheet is arranged at the parallel aluminium alloy On the honeycomb sandwich construction substrate of plate；The storage battery group and the DC/DC converters are arranged in the power supply bay section.
- 6. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the spaceborne computer subsystem is to possess daily Star Service pipe The communication of reason and each system and the computer that function is controlled to each system；The computer installation is in the spaceborne computer bay section.
- If 7. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the communications subsystem include VHF/UHF transceivers and Dry aerial；The VHF/UHF transceivers are arranged in the observing and controlling communication bay section；The antennas orthogonal is set in the aluminium alloy plate.
- 8. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the attitude control subsystem includes：Magnetometer and three axis Magnetic torquer；The magnetometer, for being contrasted with earth Geomagnetic Field Model to determine the posture of the default Cubesat satellites；The three-axis magnetorquer is used to adjust the default Cubesat satellites to the posture；The magnetometer and three-axis magnetorquer are arranged in the gesture stability bay section.
- 9. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the aluminium alloy plate outer surface is coated with heat-barrier material.
- A kind of 10. monitoring device of PM2.5, it is characterised in that including：Target image acquisition module and concentration value and distributed acquisition Module；The target image acquisition module is flat for the imaging system carried using default Cubesat satellites, recording laser transmitting Scattering light of the platform to the laser of exterior spatial emission, obtains target image；Concentration value and the distributed acquisition module, at interval of the first preset time, the target image to be sent to ground Analytical equipment is so that the Ground analysis equipment obtains concentration value and the distribution of PM2.5 according to the target image.
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