CN109507072A - A kind of fine particle turbulent flux measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of fine particle turbulent flux measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109507072A CN109507072A CN201811376291.9A CN201811376291A CN109507072A CN 109507072 A CN109507072 A CN 109507072A CN 201811376291 A CN201811376291 A CN 201811376291A CN 109507072 A CN109507072 A CN 109507072A
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- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005206 flow analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
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- G01N15/075—
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fine particle turbulent flux measurement methods.The sample frequency that the present invention passes through raising measurement of extinction coefficient instrument, obtain the light scattering extinction of the aerosol of high frequency, and under conditions of low visibility, according to there are approximate power exponent relationships between the mass concentration and visibility of fine particle, it is pulsed using the mass concentration that instantaneous visibility pulses to obtain fine particle, vertical speed pulsation is obtained in conjunction with ultrasonic wind-warm syndrome instrument measurement, obtains fine particle turbulent flux；The present invention is pulsed by the mass concentration of extinction coefficient pulsation inverse fine particle, finally finds out fine particle turbulent flux using eddy-correlation technique, is solved the problems, such as the mass concentration pulsation of fine particle and its acquisition of turbulent flux for the first time, is provided basis for Forecast Mode；And easy to operate, exploitativeness is strong, can be mating with existing water and heat observation system, can also be separately formed observation system, and observation data processing is mature.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to air pollution meteorology fields, and in particular to a kind of measurement method of fine particle turbulent flux.
Background technique
In Atmospheric Survey, measurement of extinction coefficient instrument obtains extinction coefficient, measurement of extinction coefficient by measurement scattered light intensity
Instrument is designed using the principle of forward scattering.Measurement of extinction coefficient instrument transmitter emits big in infrared-ray measurement sampling volume
The scattered light intensity of gas effectively calculates extinction coefficient by scattered light intensity.It is limited by measurement accuracy, measurement of extinction coefficient instrument
High frequency sampled data cannot be obtained, the sampling time is at the soonest only up to 1 minute.But such sample frequency is for obtaining
The dither and progress turbulent flow analysis of extinction coefficient and the calculating of corresponding turbulent flux are far from being enough.
In the prior art, the basic skills obtained for turbulent flux has: eddy-correlation technique, Bowen specific energy balancing method
And Aerodynamic Method.Wherein, eddy-correlation technique meets the original definition of turbulent flux, and principle is rigorous, simple direct.But it needs
The turbulence pulsation sensor for wanting high-precision, response speed to be exceedingly fast.Since there is presently no the quality for directly obtaining fine particle is dense
The instrument of high-frequency data is spent, so just fine particle turbulent flux can not be calculated using eddy-correlation technique.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as directly acquiring for fine particle turbulent flux, it is logical that the invention proposes a kind of fine particle turbulent flows
The measurement method of amount.
The measurement method of fine particle turbulent flux of the invention, comprising the following steps:
1) the sample frequency f for improving measurement of extinction coefficient instrument, obtains the light scattering extinction b of the aerosol of high frequencyspi, i=
1,2,3 ... ..., N, N are number of samples, are natural number, bspiFor the light scattering extinction of the aerosol of sampled point i；
2) to the light scattering extinction b of the aerosol of high frequencyspReynolds decomposition is done, the light scattering extinction arteries and veins of aerosol is obtained
It is dynamic:Mean value of the light scattering extinction of aerosol in a period of time；
3) since the absorption delustring and the absorption delustring of atmospheric molecule of aerosol are smaller, with the light scattering extinction of aerosol
The extinction coefficient total as atmosphere obtains the visibility v of sampled point ii:
vi=3.912/bspi
Obtain visibility pulsation For visibility a period of time mean value；
4) spectrum analysis is done into the light scattering extinction pulsation of aerosol and visibility pulsation, is obtained using Fourier transformation
Extinction coefficient composes Sb(n) and visibility composes Sv(n)；
5) theoretical according to turbulent flow Kolmogorov husband, the light scattering extinction and visibility of aerosol are as scalar, spectrum
Function Sb(n) and Sv(n) meet -2/3 power relationship in inertia secondary area between frequency n, and the spectral line place of upwarping is on spectrogram
For noise signal, to obtain frequency n where noise signal；
6) according to Fourier transformation relationship, it will be less than the data reconstruction of frequency n, the scattering for the aerosol that obtains that treated disappears
Backscatter extinction logarithmic ratio pulsation and visibility pulsation, the data obtained since then are exactly to remove the visibility pulsation V ' of the true high frequency of noise；
7) particulate matter continuous meter measures mean value of the mass concentration in a period of time of fine particleIn low visibility
Under conditions of, there are approximate power exponent relationships between the mass concentration and visibility of fine particle:
Wherein,For mean value of the visibility in a period of time of true high frequency, a and b are an abnormal low visibility event
Fitting coefficient obtains fitting coefficient a and b by nonlinear fitting according to above formula；
8) the mass concentration pulsation C ' of fine particle is obtained by visibility pulsation V ':
9) vertical speed pulsation w ' is obtained by ultrasound wind-warm syndrome instrument measurement；
10) eddy-correlation technique is utilized, by the mass concentration pulsation C ' and vertical speed pulsation w ' of fine particle, is obtained thin
Particulate matter turbulent flux F:
Wherein, in step 1), the sample frequency f of the light scattering extinction of aerosol is 1~5HZ.Number of samples N with adopt
Sample frequency f is related, in the range of 1200f~3600f.
In step 3), low visibility refers to visibility at 5 kilometers or less.
Step 2), 3) and 7) in, be for a period of time 20~60min.
Advantages of the present invention:
The present invention obtains the scattering delustring system of the aerosol of high frequency by the sample frequency of raising measurement of extinction coefficient instrument
Number, and under conditions of low visibility, according to there are approximate power exponent passes between the mass concentration and visibility of fine particle
System is pulsed to obtain the mass concentration pulsation C ' of fine particle using instantaneous visibility, be hung down in conjunction with ultrasonic wind-warm syndrome instrument measurement
Straight velocity fluctuation w ', obtains fine particle turbulent flux F；The present invention improves the sample frequency of extinction coefficient, is calculated with reaching
The requirement of turbulent flux is pulsed by the mass concentration of extinction coefficient pulsation inverse fine particle, is finally asked using eddy-correlation technique
Fine particle turbulent flux out solves the problems, such as the mass concentration pulsation of fine particle and its acquisition of turbulent flux for the first time, is
Forecast Mode provides basis；And easy to operate, exploitativeness is strong, can be mating with existing water and heat observation system, can also be single
Observation system is solely constituted, observation data processing is mature.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 (a) and (b) are respectively that two embodiments of the measurement method of fine particle turbulent flux according to the present invention obtain
The mass concentration correlativity schematic diagram of the visibility and fine particle arrived；
Fig. 2 is that obtain a abnormal low visibility event for the measurement method of fine particle turbulent flux according to the present invention is general
Condition figure, wherein (a) is the mass concentration time series chart of fine particle, (b) is visibility time series chart, (c) for than wet
Time series chart (d) is horizontal wind speed time series chart；
Fig. 3 is the fine particle that one embodiment of the measurement method of fine particle turbulent flux according to the present invention obtains
Mass concentration, turbulent flux and vertical speed time series chart, wherein (a) be fine particle mass concentration time sequence
Column figure, (b) is turbulent flux time series chart, (c) is the time series chart of vertical speed；
Fig. 4 is the fine grained that another embodiment of the measurement method of fine particle turbulent flux according to the present invention obtains
The time series chart of the mass concentration of object, turbulent flux and vertical speed, wherein (a) be the mass concentration of fine particle when
Between sequence chart, (b) be turbulent flux time series chart, (c) be vertical speed time series chart；
Fig. 5 is the matter for the fine particle that the embodiment of the measurement method of fine particle turbulent flux according to the present invention obtains
The frequency spectrum of concentration is measured with the distribution map of stable current field；
Fig. 6 is the flow chart of the measurement method of fine particle turbulent flux of the invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, by specific embodiment, the present invention is further explained.
Studies have shown that atmospheric visibility is research shows that the decline of atmospheric visibility is mainly brought by Particulate Pollution,
The light scattering extinction of particulate matter accounts for the 70%~80% of overall extinction coefficient.Furtherly, the decline of atmospheric visibility is main
It is caused by the scattering delustring of particulate matter, and the mass concentration of fine particle is the Main Factors for determining visibility quality,
There are certain nonlinear correlations for visibility and the low visibility level of fine particle, as shown in Figure 1, wherein (a) is 27 days 2 months
Visibility and fine particle mass concentration C correlativity schematic diagram, (b) for March 3 visibility and fine particle matter
Measure concentration correlativity schematic diagram.
By taking the low visibility weather event typical twice that 2 months 2018 on March 5th, 25 days 1 occurred as an example, this
The overview of continuous abnormal low visibility event twice, as shown in Figure 2, wherein (a) is the mass concentration time series of fine particle
Figure (b) is visibility time series chart, (c) than wet time series chart (d) to be horizontal wind speed time series chart.This two
It is selected in secondary abnormal low visibility event 27 days 2 months and visibility in two days on the 3rd March is less than for 5km, meet the requirement of low visibility.
The measurement method of the fine particle turbulent flux of the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 6, comprising the following steps:
1) the sample frequency f for improving measurement of extinction coefficient instrument, obtains the light scattering extinction b of the aerosol of high frequencyspi, i=
1,2,3 ... ..., N, bspiFor the light scattering extinction of the aerosol of sampled point i, the sample integration time is 1s；
2) to the light scattering extinction b of the aerosol of high frequencyspReynolds decomposition is done, the light scattering extinction arteries and veins of aerosol is obtained
It is dynamic:Mean value of the light scattering extinction of aerosol in 30min；
3) since the absorption delustring and the absorption delustring of atmospheric molecule of aerosol are smaller, with the scattering delustring system of aerosol
The number extinction coefficient total as atmosphere, obtains sampled point i visibility vi
vi=3.912/bspi
Obtain visibility pulsationviFor the visibility of sampled point i,For visibility 30min mean value；
4) spectrum analysis is done into the light scattering extinction pulsation of aerosol and visibility pulsation, is obtained using Fourier transformation
Extinction coefficient composes Sb(n) and visibility composes Sv(n)；
5) according to turbulent flow Kolmogorov husband (K41) theory, the light scattering extinction of aerosol and visibility as scalar,
Its spectral function Sb(n) and Sv(n) meet -2/3 power relationship in inertia secondary area between frequency n, and spectral line upwarps on spectrogram
Place is noise signal, to obtain frequency n where noise signal；
6) data of frequency n be will be less than according to Fourier transformation relationship, the scattering of reconstruct obtains that treated aerosol disappears
Backscatter extinction logarithmic ratio pulsation and visibility, the data obtained since then are exactly to remove the pulsation visibility V ' of the true high frequency of noise；
7) particulate matter continuous meter is measured as mean value of the mass concentration in a period of time of fine particleSee in low energy
Under conditions of degree, there are approximate power exponent relationships between the mass concentration and visibility of fine particle:
Wherein,For mean value of the visibility in a period of time of true high frequency, fitting coefficient is obtained by nonlinear fitting
A and b, as shown in Figure 1；
8) the mass concentration pulsation C of fine particle is obtained by visibility pulsation V ':
9) vertical speed pulsation w ' is obtained by ultrasound wind-warm syndrome instrument measurement, sample frequency is respectively 10HZ；
10) turbulent flow eddy-correlation technique is utilized, by the mass concentration pulsation C ' and vertical speed pulsation w ' of fine particle, is obtained
To fine particle turbulent flux F:
It obtains shown in fine particle turbulent flux time series such as Fig. 3 (b) and 4 (b).
In Fig. 3, (a) is the time series chart of the mass concentration of fine particle, (b) is turbulent flux time series chart, (c)
For the time series chart of vertical speed.In Fig. 4, (a) is the time series chart of the mass concentration of fine particle, (b) logical for turbulent flow
The time series chart of amount is (c) time series chart of vertical speed.
Meanwhile the mass concentration frequency spectrum of fine particle has also been obtained with the variation of stable current field, as shown in figure 5, it becomes
Change meets K41 theory, also demonstrates the reasonability that the present invention calculates fine particle turbulent flux using turbulent flow eddy-correlation technique.
It is finally noted that the purpose for publicizing and implementing example is to help to further understand the present invention, but this field
Technical staff be understood that without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, it is various replacement and repair
It is all possible for changing.Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to embodiment disclosure of that, and the scope of protection of present invention is to weigh
Subject to the range that sharp claim defines.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of measurement method of fine particle turbulent flux, which is characterized in that the measurement method the following steps are included:
1) the sample frequency f for improving measurement of extinction coefficient instrument, obtains the light scattering extinction b of the aerosol of high frequencyspi, i=1,2,
3 ... ..., N, N are number of samples, are natural number, bspiFor the light scattering extinction of the aerosol of sampled point i；
2) to the light scattering extinction b of the aerosol of high frequencyspReynolds decomposition is done, the light scattering extinction pulsation of aerosol is obtained: Mean value of the light scattering extinction of aerosol in a period of time；
3) since the absorption delustring and the absorption delustring of atmospheric molecule of aerosol are smaller, using the light scattering extinction of aerosol as
The total extinction coefficient of atmosphere obtains the visibility v of sampled point ii:
vi=3.912/bspi
Obtain visibility pulsation For visibility a period of time mean value；
4) spectrum analysis is done into the light scattering extinction pulsation of aerosol and visibility pulsation, obtains delustring using Fourier transformation
Coefficient spectrum Sb(n) and visibility composes Sv(n)；
5) theoretical according to turbulent flow Kolmogorov husband, the light scattering extinction and visibility of aerosol are as scalar, spectral function Sb
(n) and Sv(n) meet -2/3 power relationship in inertia secondary area between frequency n, and the spectral line place of upwarping is to make an uproar on spectrogram
Acoustical signal, to obtain frequency n where noise signal；
6) according to Fourier transformation relationship, it will be less than the data reconstruction of frequency n, the scattering delustring system for the aerosol that obtains that treated
Rapid pulse is dynamic and visibility pulsation, the data obtained since then are exactly to remove the visibility pulsation V ' of the true high frequency of noise；
7) particulate matter continuous meter measures mean value of the mass concentration in a period of time of fine particleIn the item of low visibility
Under part, there are approximate power exponent relationships between the mass concentration and visibility of fine particle:
Wherein,For mean value of the visibility in a period of time of true high frequency, a and b are the fitting of an abnormal low visibility event
Coefficient obtains fitting coefficient a and b by nonlinear fitting according to above formula；
8) the mass concentration pulsation C ' of fine particle is obtained by visibility pulsation V ':
9) vertical speed pulsation w ' is obtained by ultrasound wind-warm syndrome instrument measurement；
10) eddy-correlation technique is utilized, by the mass concentration pulsation C ' and vertical speed pulsation w ' of fine particle, obtains fine grained
Object turbulent flux F:
2. measurement method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1), the light scattering extinction of aerosol
Sample frequency f is 1~5HZ.
3. measurement method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1), the range of number of samples be 1200f~
3600f。
4. measurement method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 3), low visibility refers to visibility 5
Kilometer or less.
5. measurement method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2), 3), 7) He 8) in, for a period of time for 20~
60min。
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110057731A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-07-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Based on laser beam Intensity Analysis oceanic turbulence and particle cognitive method and device |
| CN110296912A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-10-01 | 北京理工大学 | The detection system and method for dust cloud cluster dispersion ability Turbulent Kinetic based on ultrasound |
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| CN110296912B (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2020-07-21 | 北京理工大学 | System and method for detecting dust cloud cluster diffusion dynamic turbulent flow energy based on ultrasound |
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