CN105158210B - A kind of measuring method and system of atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux - Google Patents
A kind of measuring method and system of atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of measuring method of atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux, including：Air effective refractive index real part is calculated according to the average atmospheric temperature measured and air average pressure, and calculates atmospheric temperature and the ratio of air effective refractive index real part；Air effective refractive index imaginary part is calculated according to atmospheric visibility, changed further according to the change of particulate mass concentration with air effective refractive index imaginary part, to calculate atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio；According to atmospheric temperature and ratio, atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and the air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio of air effective refractive index real part, and the air effective refractive index structural constant calculated using presetting method, to calculate atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux.This method can realize the objective and accurate measurement of atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux, have good time and spatial representative.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to atmospheric sounding techniques field, more particularly to a kind of survey of atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux
Measure method and system.
Background technology
Currently, the influence of atmospheric aerosol has caused the highest attention of the whole society.Substantial amounts of observation is carried out to this, such as
The observation for the particle concentration carried out for environmental protection, the ground studied and carried out for troposphere aerosol properties and Radiative Forcing
Base and remote sensing observations network (measurement flood aerosol optical depth, aerosol concentration, physics and chemical characteristic etc.), and be directed to
Concentration scientific experimentation of property etc..In time in the past twenty years, for the concentration of aerosol, distribution and aerosol physics
Measurement with chemical characteristic has had significant progress.Aerosol is recognized by scattering and absorbing radiation to change the number of cloud
Amount, Microphysical and radiation characteristic and affect the energy budget of the earth.But the characteristic for aerosol and its influence at present
Understand that also there is very big uncertainty, it is therefore desirable to have preferably it is representative, more accurately observe data.Aerosol
Climatic effect be mostly by numerical model conduct a research, it is necessary to it is further directly observation data checking, urban environment
Pollution prediction is also required to aerosol and directly observes data.In these observation data, the data of aerosol source discharge intensity are very
Important.
Obtained for the method for aerosol discharge data generally use estimation.A kind of method is the ground-level source to aerosol
The parameter such as property and discharge intensity is counted, and then estimates the flux of aerosol.The estimation approach of gas flux is copied in addition
Aerosol flux is estimated, as Bowen compares method.But the obtained aerosol of both approaches by the ground amount of being delivered up data all
There is very big uncertainty.
In recent years, with instrument (the GP-WCPC3787 type particles of such as TSI productions of quick measurement aerosol number density
Counter) promote the use of, using eddy correlation principle carry out aerosol number density vertical transport flux measurement be possibly realized；
Particulate number density vertical transport flux Fp is expressed as vertical velocity w ' and particulate Particle density N ' cross-correlation.Should
Principle needs to measure the fluctuating that vertical speed rises and falls with particulate number density.Meanwhile using the principle in many cities
Carry out the observational study of aerosol particle subnumber flux, Helsinki, the London of Britain of Si Tegeermo, Finland such as Sweden in city
Deng, and the measurement of marine aerosol flux etc. that Northern Europe is carried out.But because city underlying surface is extremely complex, horizontal pole is not
Uniformly, the measurement of single-point is without representative well；It is representative for complicated underlying surface as city, measurement result
Difference.Therefore carry out the aerosol flux measurement system tool with good spatial representative to be of great significance.In addition, at present
Dynamic vorticit measurement simply aerosol number density flux, for people be concerned about aerosol mass flux but without
Method measures.
The content of the invention
, can be with it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of measuring method and system of atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux
The objective and accurate larger time and space yardstick aerosol mass vertical transport flux of measurement.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of measuring method of atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux, comprises the following steps：
Air effective refractive index real part is calculated according to the average atmospheric temperature measured and air average pressure, and calculated
Atmospheric temperature and the ratio of air effective refractive index real part；
Air effective refractive index imaginary part is calculated according to atmospheric visibility, further according to the change of particulate mass concentration and greatly
Gas effective refractive index imaginary part changes, to calculate atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio；
Had according to the atmospheric temperature and ratio, atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and the air of air effective refractive index real part
Imaginary index ratio, and the air effective refractive index structural constant calculated using presetting method are imitated, to calculate air gas
Colloidal sol quality vertical transport flux.
The calculating atmospheric temperature and the ratio step of air effective refractive index real part include：
According to the average atmospheric temperature measuredWith air average pressureCalculate air effective refractive index real part nRe：
Wherein, λ is optical wavelength；Average atmospheric temperatureAir average pressureOptical wavelength λ unit be respectively K,
hPa、μm；
δ T and air effective refractive index real part change δ n are changed according to atmospheric temperatureReRelation：δ T=RTN·δnRe, to calculate
Atmospheric temperature and the ratio R of air effective refractive index real partTN：
The calculating atmospheric aerosol mass concentration includes with air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio step：
According to atmospheric visibility LVCalculate air effective refractive index imaginary part nIm：
Wherein, λ is optical wavelength；
In conjunction with the change δ M of particulate mass concentrationaWith air effective refractive index imaginary part change δ nIm, it is big to calculate
Gas aerosol quality and concentration and air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio RMN：
It is described calculate atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux formula be：
Wherein, FaFor atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux, κ is karman constants,For average atmospheric temperature, RTN
For atmospheric temperature and the ratio of air effective refractive index real part, RMNIt is empty for atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and air effective refractive index
The ratio in portion, z are measurement point height,For air effective refractive index real part structural constant,For air effective refractive index
Imaginary part structural constant.
A kind of measuring system of atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux, including：
Atmospheric temperature and air effective refractive index real part ratio calculation module, for according to the average atmospheric temperature measured
Air effective refractive index real part is calculated with air average pressure, and calculates the ratio of atmospheric temperature and air effective refractive index real part
Value；
Atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio calculation module, for according to atmospheric visibility
Air effective refractive index imaginary part is calculated, is changed further according to the change of particulate mass concentration with air effective refractive index imaginary part,
To calculate atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio；
Atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux computing module, for effectively being reflected with air according to the atmospheric temperature
Ratio, atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and the air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio of rate real part, and calculated using presetting method
The air effective refractive index structural constant arrived, to calculate atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux.
The calculating atmospheric temperature and the ratio step of air effective refractive index real part include：
According to the average atmospheric temperature measuredWith air average pressureCalculate air effective refractive index real part nRe：
Wherein, λ is optical wavelength；Average atmospheric temperatureAir average pressureOptical wavelength λ unit is respectively
K、hPa、μm；
δ T and air effective refractive index real part change δ n are changed according to atmospheric temperatureRe, have to calculate atmospheric temperature and air
Imitate the ratio R of refractive index real partTN：
The calculating atmospheric aerosol mass concentration includes with air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio step：
According to atmospheric visibility LVCalculate air effective refractive index imaginary part nIm：
Wherein, λ is optical wavelength；
In conjunction with the change δ M of particulate mass concentrationaWith air effective refractive index imaginary part change δ nIm, it is big to calculate
Gas aerosol quality and concentration and air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio RMN：
It is described calculate atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux formula be：
Wherein, FaFor atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux, κ is karman constants,For average atmospheric temperature, RTN
For atmospheric temperature and the ratio of air effective refractive index real part, RMNIt is empty for atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and air effective refractive index
The ratio in portion, z are measurement point height,For air effective refractive index real part structural constant,For air effective refractive index
Imaginary part structural constant.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, have by measuring air effective refractive index characteristic and air
Refractive index structure parameter is imitated, and then realizes the objective and accurate measurement of atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux, is had good
Time and spatial representative.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, required use in being described below to embodiment
Accompanying drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill in field, on the premise of not paying creative work, other can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings
Accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow of the measuring method of atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the measuring system structural representation of air effective refractive index structural constant provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the transmitting terminal theory of constitution figure in measuring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the receiving terminal and data acquisition theory of constitution figure in measuring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is one-shot measurement example, temperature T versus time curves；
Fig. 6 is one-shot measurement example, humidity RH versus time curves；
Fig. 7 is one-shot measurement example, air pressure P versus time curves；
Fig. 8 is one-shot measurement example, PM10 versus time curves；
Fig. 9 is one-shot measurement example, visibility LVVersus time curve；
Figure 10 is one-shot measurement example, Ma-nimData linear fit obtains RMNValue；
Figure 11 be one-shot measurement example, air effective refractive index real part structural constantVersus time curve；
Figure 12 be one-shot measurement example, air effective refractive index imaginary part structural constantVersus time curve；
Figure 13 be one-shot measurement example, atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux FaVersus time curve.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Ground describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on this
The embodiment of invention, the every other implementation that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Example, belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow of the measuring method of atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure.As shown in figure 1, it mainly comprises the following steps：
The average atmospheric temperature and air average pressure that step 1, basis measure calculate air effective refractive index real part, with
And atmospheric temperature and the ratio of air effective refractive index real part.
Gas componant in air and particulate are regarded as Effective medium as an entirety.Effective medium etc.
Effect refractive index is referred to as effective refractive index, uses neffRepresent.Make nReAnd nImEffective refractive index real and imaginary parts, i.e. n are represented respectivelyeff
=nRe+nIm。
Wherein, air effective refractive index real part nReFluctuating be decided by the density fluctuation of gas molecule in air, with air
Temperature have direct corresponding relation.
In the embodiment of the present invention, conventional temperature sensor and baroceptor can be utilized to measure, and select operation wavelength
The atmospheric temperature T (K) that visible ray or infrared band for air transparent in air measure and atmospheric pressure P (hPa), Jin Ergen
According to the average atmospheric temperature measuredWith air average pressureCalculate air effective refractive index real part nRe：
Wherein, λ is optical wavelength (μm)；
As can be seen from the above equation, air effective refractive index real part nReThere is good corresponding relation between atmospheric temperature, from
And obtain atmospheric temperature change δ T and air effective refractive index real part change δ nReBetween exist well for relation, i.e.,
δ T=RTN·δnRe；
Both of the aforesaid formula, which is combined, can obtain the ratio R of atmospheric temperature and air effective refractive index real partTN：
Step 2, according to atmospheric visibility calculate air effective refractive index imaginary part, further according to particulate mass concentration become
Change and change with air effective refractive index imaginary part, to calculate atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio.
Air effective refractive index imaginary part nImFluctuating be decided by aerosol particle concentration in air, refractive index and particle diameter distribution
Deng.Experiment showed within certain time and spatial dimension, when relative humidity is smaller (typically smaller than 60%), aerosol in air
Species change small, atmospheric visibility LVWith atmospheric aerosol mass concentration MaBetween have good linear relationship, so as to root
According to atmospheric visibility LVCalculate air effective refractive index imaginary part nIm：
Wherein, λ is optical wavelength；
Therefore, atmospheric aerosol mass concentration MaWith air effective refractive index imaginary part nImBetween closed there is also linear well
System, wherein it is possible to obtain aerosol quality and concentration M using conventional PM10 measuring instruments (such as β ray methods)a。
So as to combine the change δ M of particulate mass concentrationaWith air effective refractive index imaginary part change δ nIm, come
Calculate atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio RMN：
Step 3, the ratio according to the atmospheric temperature and air effective refractive index real part, atmospheric aerosol mass concentration with
Air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio, and the air effective refractive index structural constant calculated using presetting method, to calculate
Atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux.
Air effective refractive index structural constant can be calculated using conventional method, and it includes：Air effective refractive index
Real part structural constantWith air effective refractive index imaginary part structural constantIt is specific with reference to one for convenience of description
Example introduces its calculating process.
System architecture as shown in Figure 2 can be used to realize for the measurement (calculating) of air effective refractive index structural constant, its
Mainly include：Transmitting terminal, receiving terminal and data acquisition storage and processing unit.
The structure of the transmitting terminal is as shown in figure 3, it mainly includes：Modulator, driving power, light emitting diode and transmitting
Lens；Modulator is modulated to driving power, and driving power is powered to light emitting diode, and the light beam that light emitting diode is sent is saturating
Diversing lens are crossed to launch into air.
The course of work of transmitting terminal is as follows：1) modulator of transmitting terminal is modulated to driving power, the driving power to
Light emitting diode is powered；The centre wavelength for the light wave that light emitting diode is sent is λ, and the light beam that light emitting diode is sent is emitted
Mirror is assembled, and generates less than the light beam of 0.5 ° of dispersion angle, is launched using multi-group light-emitting diode and diversing lens, and increase transmitting is saturating
The bore of mirror；One light emitting diode and a diversing lens are one group, and launching diameter by the way of 4 groups of parallel side-by-sides reaches
0.6 meter of light beam；2) light beam that transmitting terminal is sent passes through the air in region to be measured, and light beam transmits in an atmosphere, can be by big
The absorption of the scattering of gas turbulent flow, gas molecule and aerosol, causes the change of light intensity amplitude, and the distance of receiving terminal and transmitting terminal is
L；L is 500 meters to 10 kilometers；
The structure of the receiving terminal is as shown in figure 4, it mainly includes：Receiving lens, photodiode, temperature stabilization lining
Pad, preamplifier, wave detector and low-frequency amplifier；Receiving terminal receives the light beam that sends of transmitting terminal, and received lens are by light beam
Converge on photodiode, optical signal is changed into electric signal by photodiode, then is amplified successively through preamplifier, wave detector
Detection, low-frequency amplifier are amplified to enough amplitudes, and temperature stabilization is padded for reducing photodiode and preamplifier
Temperature drift.
The course of work of receiving terminal is as follows：The receiving lens of receiving terminal receive the light beam from transmitting terminal, by optical signal meeting
Gather on the photodiode, received, placed side by side using 4 lens so that the light that all lens receive using multiple lens
Shu Jun converges to photodiode, also for the bore of increase receiving lens；Optical signal is changed into telecommunications by photodiode
Number, preamplifier amplification is first passed around, then by detector, be then amplified to enough width by low-frequency amplifier again
Degree, obtains output signal.
Data acquisition storage and processing unit include：Data acquisition unit, storage device and data processing module；Data acquisition
The electric signal of device collection receiving terminal output, is converted to light intensity signal and stores into storage device；Data processing module processing storage
Data in equipment, processing procedure include：
Light intensity data in storage device is taken the logarithm, that is, obtains logarithm light intensity lnI, by postponing correlation technique or spectrum point
Analysis method is by log-intensity varianceIt is decomposed into high frequency fluctuating varianceWith low frequency fluctuation varianceObtain low
Frequency fluctuating variance
Air effective refractive index real part structural constant is calculated using formula below
In formula, DtFor the diameter of diversing lens, DrFor the diameter of receiving lens；For the height of log-intensity variance
Frequency component, L are the distance between receiving terminal and transmitting terminal.
The horizontal wind speed v perpendicular to light beam is calculated using following formula,
In formula, DtFor the diameter of diversing lens, DrFor the diameter of receiving lens；For the height of log-intensity variance
Frequency component, WPlnI,ReThe spectrum density of flat transition region in power spectrum curve for logarithm light intensity fluctuation；
The time delay for calculating low frequency fluctuation is τ structure function DlnI,Im(v τ), determine the coefficient S of structure function；At that time
Between delay distance v τ be more than diversing lens diameter DtWith receiving lens diameter DrWhen, the time delay of low frequency fluctuation is τ structure letter
Number DlnI,Im(v τ) is calculated by formula,
In formula,For the high frequency fluctuating variance of logarithm light intensity, DlnI(v τ) is the time delay structure letter of logarithm light intensity
Number, calculation formula are：
In formula, at the time of t is measures, upper line represents to be averaged to time t.
When the time delay distance v τ of low frequency fluctuation are less than and during close to turbulent flow external measurement L0, the structure letter of low frequency fluctuation
Number DlnI,Im(v τ) is expressed as,
DlnI,Im(v τ)=S (v τ)7/6；
In formula, S is the coefficient of structure function, and S value is determined using experimental data；
According to result of calculation above, imaginary index structural constant is calculated
Low frequency fluctuation varianceWithThere is relation：
L in formula0For the external measurement of turbulent flow；
Low frequency fluctuation structure function coefficient S withThere is relation：
Simultaneous equations, obtain imaginary index structural constant
In formula, the wave number for the light wave that k sends for light source, k=2 π/λ.
In addition, in order to make it easy to understand, before atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux is calculated, for atmospheric aerosol
The basic theory of quality vertical transport flux is introduced.
Experiment shows that fine aerosol particle observes the identical characteristics of motion with gas molecule.Therefore can be aerosol
See as and guard by momentum, the theory of similarity is met under the conditions of free convection, i.e.,
In formula,For atmospheric temperature fluctuations structural constant,For atmospheric aerosol mass concentration relief fabric constant, T*For
Characteristic temperature, M*Mass concentration is characterized, z is measurement point height；LMOFor M-O length, For mean temperature,
u*Speed (or friction velocity) is characterized, g is acceleration of gravity, and κ is karman (Kalman) constant, usually 0.4.
According to the theory of similarity near the ground, aerosol mass flux can be expressed as Fa=u*M*。
It can be obtained with reference to above formula：
So as to obtain：
Atmospheric temperature fluctuations structural constant in formulaWith air effective refractive index real part structural constantAnd step 1
In the calculating air effective refractive index real part ratio n that calculatesReCorrelation, i.e.,Similarly, atmospheric aerosol matter
Measure composition fluctuations structural constantWith air effective refractive index imaginary part structural constantAnd the calculating calculated in step 2 is big
Gas effective refractive index imaginary part ratio RMNCorrelation, i.e.,
It is so as to obtain the calculation formula of atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux：
In formula,It is to represent R respectivelyTN、RMNSquare.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of measuring system of atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux, and it is mainly wrapped
Include：
Atmospheric temperature and air effective refractive index real part ratio calculation module, for according to the average atmospheric temperature measured
Air effective refractive index real part, and atmospheric temperature and the ratio of air effective refractive index real part are calculated with air average pressure；
Atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio calculation module, for according to atmospheric visibility
Air effective refractive index imaginary part is calculated, is changed further according to the change of particulate mass concentration with air effective refractive index imaginary part,
To calculate atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio；
Atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux computing module, for effectively being reflected with air according to the atmospheric temperature
Ratio, atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and the air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio of rate real part, and calculated using presetting method
The air effective refractive index structural constant arrived, to calculate atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux.
The calculating atmospheric temperature and the ratio step of air effective refractive index real part include：
According to the average atmospheric temperature measuredWith air average pressureIt is real to calculate air effective refractive index
Portion nRe：
Wherein, λ is optical wavelength (μm)；
δ T and air effective refractive index real part change δ n are changed according to atmospheric temperatureRe, have to calculate atmospheric temperature and air
Imitate the ratio R of refractive index real partTN：
The calculating atmospheric aerosol mass concentration includes with air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio step：
According to atmospheric visibility LVCalculate air effective refractive index imaginary part nIm：
Wherein, λ is optical wavelength；
In conjunction with the change δ M of particulate mass concentrationaWith air effective refractive index imaginary part change δ nIm, it is big to calculate
Gas aerosol quality and concentration and air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio RMN：
It is described calculate atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux formula be：
Wherein, FaFor atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux, κ is karman constants,For average atmospheric temperature, RTN
For atmospheric temperature and the ratio of air effective refractive index real part, RMNIt is empty for atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and air effective refractive index
The ratio in portion, z are measurement point height,For air effective refractive index real part structural constant,For air effective refractive index
Imaginary part structural constant.
It should be noted that the specific implementation for the function that each functional module included in said system is realized exists
Have a detailed description in each embodiment above, therefore repeated no more herein.
It is apparent to those skilled in the art that for convenience and simplicity of description, only with above-mentioned each function
The division progress of module, can be as needed and by above-mentioned function distribution by different function moulds for example, in practical application
Block is completed, i.e., the internal structure of system is divided into different functional modules, to complete all or part of work(described above
Energy.
Embodiment is illustrated
Measurement place in this example is in China Science ＆ Technology University campus, campus is in the city of Hefei City, Anhui Province, school
There are some traffic main arteries on garden periphery, and car is more.Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal are placed in from the ground more than 10 meters of height, received
Hold with a distance from hundreds of meters to several kilometers from transmitting terminal.Measured if carried out in city, two buildings can be selected.Transmitting terminal and connect
Can not there are any masking and stop on receiving end straight line path.Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal can be generally in sustained height.So handle
So that the application of measurement result is relatively simple, when measurement is highly relatively low, or the both ends discrepancy in elevation is larger, make air index imaginary part
The application of structural constant is complex, but has no effect on the use of result.Humiture, gas are nearby carried out in position between in the optical path
Pressure, the average discharge observation such as PM10 and visibility.
Measurement result is described below and provides simple conclusion.
The measurement for having carried out imaginary index structural constant in China Science ＆ Technology University campus on the 20141222nd~24.Should
The diversing lens of experiment and the bore of receiving lens are 0.18 meter, and the wavelength of light source is 0.620 micron.Diversing lens are with receiving
The distance of lens is 960 meters.Sample frequency is 500Hz, preserves a data file within every 20 minutes.Obtained according to the step of above
20141222~24 degree/days, humidity, air pressure, PM10 (aerosol quality and concentration Ma) and visibility change with time, respectively
See Fig. 5,6,7,8,9.By Fig. 6 it can be seen that relative humidity is less than 60% during experiment, meet and calculate RMNRequirement.Air gas is molten
Glue mass concentration and the scatter diagram of air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio are shown in Figure 10, obtain ratio RMN=6315kgm-3。
Air effective refractive index real part structural constant and air effective refractive index imaginary part structural constant change over time, respectively
See Figure 11 and 12.By Figure 11 it can be seen that air effective refractive index real part structural constant has obvious Diurnal Variation, but greatly
Gas effective refractive index imaginary part structural constant (see Figure 12) does not occur obvious Diurnal Variation.
Figure 13 provides atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux and changed with time.It can be seen that atmospheric aerosol quality
Vertical transport flux has obvious Diurnal Variation.Illustrate that the aerosol that daytime, noon turbulent flow was delivered up by force is more.
Daily commuter time section (6:00-9:00 and 17:00-19:00) between, the conveying of aerosol flux is also larger.Also removed with regard to saying
Outside the maximum at noon, other two flux conveying maximum occurs in the period on and off duty.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art is in the technical scope of present disclosure, the change or replacement that can readily occur in,
It should all be included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of claims
Enclose and be defined.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of measuring method of atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Air effective refractive index real part is calculated according to the average atmospheric temperature measured and air average pressure, and calculates air
Temperature and the ratio of air effective refractive index real part；
Air effective refractive index imaginary part is calculated according to atmospheric visibility, change further according to particulate mass concentration has with air
Imaginary index change is imitated, to calculate atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio；
Effectively rolled over according to the atmospheric temperature and ratio, atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and the air of air effective refractive index real part
Rate imaginary part ratio, and the air effective refractive index structural constant calculated using presetting method are penetrated, to calculate atmospheric aerosol
Quality vertical transport flux.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the calculating atmospheric temperature and air effective refractive index real part
Ratio step include：
According to the average atmospheric temperature measuredWith air average pressureCalculate air effective refractive index real part nRe：
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Wherein, λ is optical wavelength；Average atmospheric temperatureAir average pressureOptical wavelength λ unit be respectively K, hPa,
μm；
δ T and air effective refractive index real part change δ n are changed according to atmospheric temperatureReRelation：δ T=RTN·δnRe, to calculate air
Temperature and the ratio R of air effective refractive index real partTN：
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<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>7.52</mn>
<mo>&times;</mo>
<msup>
<mn>10</mn>
<mrow>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mfrac>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mover>
<mi>T</mi>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mover>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
</mfrac>
<mo>.</mo>
</mrow>
3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the calculating atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and air are effective
Imaginary index ratio step includes：
According to atmospheric visibility LVCalculate air effective refractive index imaginary part nIm：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>Im</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>1.9</mn>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<mi>&pi;</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msub>
<mi>L</mi>
<mi>V</mi>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>;</mo>
</mrow>
Wherein, λ is optical wavelength；
In conjunction with the change δ M of particulate mass concentrationaWith air effective refractive index imaginary part change δ nIm, to calculate air gas
Colloidal sol mass concentration and air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio RMN：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>R</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>N</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&delta;M</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&delta;n</mi>
<mi>Im</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>.</mo>
</mrow>
4. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the calculating atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux
Formula is：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>F</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>3</mn>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo>/</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msup>
<mi>&kappa;</mi>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>/</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mfrac>
<mi>g</mi>
<mover>
<mi>T</mi>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
</mfrac>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>/</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>R</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>N</mi>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
<msubsup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>Re</mi>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>/</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>R</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>N</mi>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
<msubsup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>Im</mi>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>/</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>;</mo>
</mrow>
Wherein, FaFor atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux, κ is karman constants,For average atmospheric temperature, RTNTo be big
The ratio of temperature degree and air effective refractive index real part, RMNFor atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and air effective refractive index imaginary part
Ratio, z are measurement point height,For air effective refractive index real part structural constant,For air effective refractive index imaginary part
Structural constant.
A kind of 5. measuring system of atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux, it is characterised in that including：
Atmospheric temperature and air effective refractive index real part ratio calculation module, for according to the average atmospheric temperature measured and greatly
Gas average pressure calculates air effective refractive index real part, and calculates atmospheric temperature and the ratio of air effective refractive index real part；
Atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio calculation module, for being calculated according to atmospheric visibility
Air effective refractive index imaginary part, change further according to the change of particulate mass concentration with air effective refractive index imaginary part, to count
Calculate atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio；
Atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux computing module, for real according to the atmospheric temperature and air effective refractive index
Ratio, atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and the air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio in portion, and calculated using presetting method
Air effective refractive index structural constant, to calculate atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux.
6. system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the calculating atmospheric temperature and air effective refractive index real part
Ratio step include：
According to the average atmospheric temperature measuredWith air average pressureCalculate air effective refractive index real part nRe：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>Re</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>77.6</mn>
<mo>&times;</mo>
<msup>
<mn>10</mn>
<mrow>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>&times;</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>7.52</mn>
<mo>&times;</mo>
<msup>
<mn>10</mn>
<mrow>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mfrac>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mfrac>
<mover>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
<mover>
<mi>T</mi>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
Wherein, λ is optical wavelength；Average atmospheric temperatureAir average pressureOptical wavelength λ unit be respectively K, hPa,
μm；
δ T and air effective refractive index real part change δ n are changed according to atmospheric temperatureRe, effectively rolled over air to calculate atmospheric temperature
Penetrate the ratio R of rate real partTN：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>R</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>N</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1.29</mn>
<mo>&times;</mo>
<msup>
<mn>10</mn>
<mn>4</mn>
</msup>
<mo>&times;</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>7.52</mn>
<mo>&times;</mo>
<msup>
<mn>10</mn>
<mrow>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mfrac>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mover>
<mi>T</mi>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mover>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
</mfrac>
<mo>.</mo>
</mrow>
7. system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the calculating atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and air are effective
Imaginary index ratio step includes：
According to atmospheric visibility LVCalculate air effective refractive index imaginary part nIm：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>Im</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>1.9</mn>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<mi>&pi;</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msub>
<mi>L</mi>
<mi>V</mi>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>;</mo>
</mrow>
Wherein, λ is optical wavelength；
In conjunction with the change δ M of particulate mass concentrationaWith air effective refractive index imaginary part change δ nIm, to calculate air gas
Colloidal sol mass concentration and air effective refractive index imaginary part ratio RMN：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>R</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>N</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&delta;M</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&delta;n</mi>
<mi>Im</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>.</mo>
</mrow>
8. system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the calculating atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux
Formula is：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>F</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>3</mn>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo>/</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msup>
<mi>&kappa;</mi>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>/</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mfrac>
<mi>g</mi>
<mover>
<mi>T</mi>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
</mfrac>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>/</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>R</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>N</mi>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
<msubsup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>Re</mi>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>/</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>R</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>N</mi>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
<msubsup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>Im</mi>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>/</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>;</mo>
</mrow>
Wherein, FaFor atmospheric aerosol quality vertical transport flux, κ is karman constants,For average atmospheric temperature, RTNTo be big
The ratio of temperature degree and air effective refractive index real part, RMNFor atmospheric aerosol mass concentration and air effective refractive index imaginary part
Ratio, z are measurement point height,For air effective refractive index real part structural constant,For air effective refractive index imaginary part
Structural constant.
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| RU2468396C1 (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2012-11-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Научно-исследовательский институт аэрокосмического мониторинга "АЭРОКОСМОС" | Method of determining atmospheric aerosol concentration in megapolises |
| CN102819661A (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2012-12-12 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 | New algorithm for atmospheric environment capacity by using region air quality model |
| CN103234877A (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2013-08-07 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | An inversion method for laser radar data of atmospheric particulate matter particle size spectrum spatial and temporal distribution |
| CN104237162A (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2014-12-24 | 中国科学技术大学 | System and method for measuring constant of atmospheric refractive index imaginary part structure |
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| RU2468396C1 (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2012-11-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Научно-исследовательский институт аэрокосмического мониторинга "АЭРОКОСМОС" | Method of determining atmospheric aerosol concentration in megapolises |
| CN102819661A (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2012-12-12 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 | New algorithm for atmospheric environment capacity by using region air quality model |
| CN103234877A (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2013-08-07 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | An inversion method for laser radar data of atmospheric particulate matter particle size spectrum spatial and temporal distribution |
| CN104237162A (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2014-12-24 | 中国科学技术大学 | System and method for measuring constant of atmospheric refractive index imaginary part structure |
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| 北京城区低层大气PM10和PM2.5垂直结构及其动力特征;丁国安 等;《中国科学 D辑 地球科学》;20051231;第35卷;第31-44页 * |
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