CN104198342B - Method for calculating atmospheric particles in bare building site by integrating ground monitoring and satellite image - Google Patents
Method for calculating atmospheric particles in bare building site by integrating ground monitoring and satellite image Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calculating atmospheric particles in a bare building site by integrating ground monitoring and a satellite image. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining and processing satellite data, observing, distinguishing and interpreting a monitored area based on a high-resolution satellite image, extracting spatial distribution of the bare building site in a target area, and obtaining corresponding area; increasing the extraction precision of the bare building site, namely increasing the extraction precision of patches in the bare area with the help of data including aerial images in the close time frames by utilizing field precision evaluation and interior precision check algorithms; calculating the emission amount of the particles, namely measuring emission factors by utilizing a four-dimensional flux model, and calculating the emission amount of the particles according to the emission factors and the area of the bare building site; and evaluating the spatial distribution of pollutants, namely fitting and generating the spatial distribution of the emission amount of the particles in the bare building site by utilizing an interpolation method. By integrating ground monitoring information and satellite remote sensing data, the method disclosed by the invention is capable of effectively calculating the spatial distribution of the particles in the bare building site in the target area, reducing the field monitoring difficulty of workers, and increasing the working efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one kind building bare area Atmospheric particulates measuring method, in particular to one kind fusion ground monitoring with
The building bare area Atmospheric particulates measuring method of satellite image.
Background technology
In June, 2013, State Council deploys ten measures of prevention and control of air pollution, by reducing pollutant emission, keeps under strict control " two
The newly-increased production capacity of height " industry, energetically implementation clean manufacturing, quickening are readjusted the energy structure, strengthen the criterions such as energy-conserving and environment-protective Index Constraints,
Strive by 2017 obtaining remarkable effect in prevention and control of air pollution.New promulgation in 2014《Beijing Ambient prevention and cure of pollution bar
Example》In it is also proposed that, prevention and control of air pollution should be attached most importance to the fine particle concentration reduced in air, be adhered to from source to end
End Whole Process Control pollutant emission, strict emission standards carry out gross contamination emission and concentration control, accelerate to cut down discharge
Total amount, and construction scene is proposed in view of " dust pollution preventing and treating " illustrate and measure.《Raise within 2013 Beijing
Dustiness dye control environment supervision scheme》Appearance, with " control dust pollution, cut down PM2.5" it is core, increase to airborne dust
The investigation of pollution problem and exposure dynamics, the prominent punishment strengthened to the machinery exceeded behavior of exhaust emissions of construction site non-rice habitats,
Further improve Atmospheric Particulate Matter control effect.
According to environmental air pollution source resolution, dust from land surface is the important sources of Beijing or even Our Country Primary Cities particulate matter
One of.Construction activity is a class fugitive dust pollution sources, with discharge potential very high, can be serious in a short time
Influence local air quality.Airborne dust discharge capacity and constructing operation level, construction stage, Environmental capacity degree, and meteorological bar
Part close relation.And in terms of bare area activity level monitoring is built, there is the uncertain, randomness on space-time due to it
How strong the features such as, its monitoring and difficult point and emphasis that metering is always in Environmental Management Work, effectively calculate target area
The spatial distribution of domain building bare area particulate matter becomes a kind of new technical need.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as prior art, building for ground monitoring and satellite image is merged the invention provides a kind of
Bare area Atmospheric particulates measuring method is built, the method is observed to monitor area based on High Resolution Satellite Images, differentiates reconciliation
Translate, obtain and process satellite data, while auditing algorithm using field operation accuracy evaluation and interior industry precision, and combine close temporal proximity boat
The data such as empty image, improve the extraction accuracy of bare area patch；Using four-dimensional flux method model determination emission factor, and according to discharge
The factor and building bare area Area computing discharge quantity of particulate matter；Using the interpolation method fitting generation building granular material discharged quantity space of bare area
Distribution, and carry out pollutant spatial distribution evaluation and test.The present invention can effectively calculate target area building bare area particulate matter
Spatial distribution, reduces the difficulty that staff monitors on the spot, improves operating efficiency.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of building bare area air for merging ground monitoring and satellite image
Grain thing measuring method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：Step S1, obtains and processes satellite image data, based on high-resolution
Satellite image is observed to monitor area, differentiates and interprets, and extracts spatial distribution of the building bare area in target area；Step
S2, improves building bare area extraction accuracy, audits algorithm using field operation accuracy evaluation and interior industry precision, and combine the boat of close temporal proximity
Empty image data spectral information, improves the extraction accuracy of bare area patch；Step S3, determines Atmospheric particulates (TSP, PM10、PM2.5)
Discharge capacity, using four-dimensional flux method model determination particle emission factor, and according to emission factor and building bare area Area computing
Discharge quantity of particulate matter；Step S4, evaluates and tests pollutant spatial distribution, using interpolation method fitting generation building bare area particle object space point
Cloth.
Preferably, in the step S1, satellite image uses Quick-Bird satellite images.
Preferably, in the step S1, the multispectral and full-colored data of original satellite image is with national standard aviation image
Based on map carry out geometric exact correction and carry out data fusion.
Preferably, there is step S11 between the step S1 and step S2, other satellites shoot with reference to the previous year or then
Image, contrast differentiation is carried out to the bare area interpretation result in step S1.
Preferably, in the step S2, building bare area uses man computer interactive interpretation, extracts five kinds in different construction ranks
Section building bare area patch, including removal flattening phase, the cubic metre of earth and stone stage, the main body construction stage, main body completion do not afforest the stage
With other bare areas.
Preferably, in the step S2, five classes building bare area patch is extracted from satellite image, and calculate five class spots respectively
Block area, the five classes building bare area patch was respectively at such as the next stage：
(1) removal flattening phase, refers to the soil in housing demolition and prepartion of land stage；
(2) cubic metre of earth and stone stage, the construction land used before being completed in shoveling stage and ground is referred to；
(3) the main body construction stage, refer in foundation construction complete and building body bind between construction land used；
(4) stage is not afforested in main body completion, refers to that main house body construction is completed and cell is not completed between greening or hardening
Construction land, and including the periphery bare area related to the construction；
(5) other bare areas, refer to the bare area for not changing in a year and having no vegetative coverage,
Further, step S21 is also included in the step S2, building bare area patch random sampling, sampling number to more than
It is Nn to measure, and building bare area patch to sampling out carries out field and verifies on the spot, and the total quantity for building bare area patch is N, is obtained
Non- building bare area patch quantity NE, it is calculated building bare area patch False RateConfidential interval is set to 95%,
PEIn the case of 5%, step S2 is re-started.
Preferably, in the step S21, for the characteristics of building bare area and according to each regional geography distribution characteristics, building
The random sampling of bare area patch includes following principle：
(1) all building bare area classifications are covered；
(2) it is as much as possible to be related to uncertain figure spot.
Preferably, it is necessary to determine the particle emission factor that five classes build bare area respectively in the step S3.
Preferably, in the step S3, based on emission factor, TSP, PM of each building bare area patch are further calculated10、
PM2.5Discharge capacity.
Preferably, in the step S4, after extraction building bare area patch geometric center point, according to TSP, PM10、PM2.5Row
High-volume, under GIS software ARCGIS supports, using Ordinary Kriging Interpolation Spatial Interpolation Method, interpolation generation respectively is built
The spatial distribution map of bare area discharge quantity of particulate matter.
Optionally, in the step S4, the spatial distribution map for building bare area discharge quantity of particulate matter passes through liquid crystal display screen display
Show.
The building bare area Atmospheric particulates measuring method of fusion ground monitoring proposed by the present invention and satellite image, Neng Gouyou
The spatial distribution that bare area particulate matter is built in target area is calculated to effect, the difficulty that staff monitors on the spot is reduced, work is improved
Make efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows the fusion ground monitoring of alternative embodiment of the present invention and the building bare area Atmospheric particulates of satellite image
Measuring method；
Fig. 2 shows the fusion ground monitoring of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and the building bare area Atmospheric particulates of satellite image
Measuring method；
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention of greater clarity, with reference to specific embodiment and join
According to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.It should be understood that these descriptions are merely illustrative, and it is not intended to limit this hair
Bright scope.Additionally, in the following description, the description to known features and technology is eliminated, to avoid unnecessarily obscuring this
The concept of invention.
Fig. 1 shows the fusion ground monitoring of alternative embodiment of the present invention and the building bare area Atmospheric particulates of satellite image
Measuring method.
As shown in figure 1, the present invention relates to a kind of building bare area Atmospheric particulates survey for merging ground monitoring and satellite image
Calculation method, comprises the following steps：
Step S1：Ground image is shot using satellite, satellite remote-sensing image information is obtained；
Ground is shot using Quick-Bird satellites, to obtain satellite image.
Step S2：Fine correction is carried out to acquired satellite image；
Step S3：Captured satellite image is observed, differentiated and interpreted, by building bare area in the satellite image
On extract, and calculate building bare area area；
Step S4：Building bare area Atmospheric particulates discharge capacity is calculated.
Supplementary notes are needed exist for, so-called observation, differentiation and interpretation are interpreted, in electricity using artificial visual at this stage
The building bare area in satellite image is extracted on brain, extracting method here is along the building bare area in satellite image
Periphery sketches out the profile of the building bare area to ultimately form building bare area one by one with the method for line (crisperding)
Patch.
Except said extracted method, it is also possible to automatically extracted by computer, by computer automatic identification yellow and brown, and
Distribution characteristics of image etc. after the size of texture, figure spot with reference to image, different-waveband combination, and by these color automatic markings
Out, examination is then manually carried out, interpretation speed can be greatly speeded up by this kind of method, while reducing work difficulty, improved
Operating efficiency.
Additionally, it should be noted that, can also during step 1, while transfer the previous year shooting or then its
The satellite image that his satellite shoots.
Further, in the interpretation and identification process of step S2, other satellite images and satellite image are referred to
(Quick-Bird satellites shoot ground image, the satellite image of mark building bare area) is contrasted, and is that staff manually sentences
Disconnected different kinds of building bare area provides foundation.
Other described satellites can including WV01, WV02, GE etc. satellite, or use aerial image.
All of building bare area patch has now been obtained, the area (map area) of each building bare area patch has been calculated.
In step S4, the measure of bare area Atmospheric particulates discharge capacity is built：Using Flux-FDM methods or four-dimensional flux method mould
Type is measured to emission factor, and according to emission factor and the Area computing Atmospheric particulates discharge capacity of building bare area.
Flux-FDM methods reference said herein《Construction airborne dust emission factor quantitative model is studied and applied》One text, hair
Table in《China Environmental Science》2009, the 29th phase, volume 6,567-573 pages, will not be repeated here.
Four-dimensional flux method model reference《The foundation and application of four-dimensional flux method construction fugitive dust discharge model》One text, is published in
《Environmental science》The 4th phase of volume 30 in 2009, will not be repeated here.
By emission factor, TSP, PM of each building bare area patch are further calculated10、PM2.5Numerical value.
Need exist for explaining, emission factor includes TSP emission factors, PM10Emission factor and PM2.5Emission factor, institute
Can respectively calculate TSP, PM of each building bare area patch according to emission factor10、PM2.5Numerical value.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, by taking Beijing as an example.
Remote sensing monitoring mainly uses in August, 2012-October Beijing Plain Quick-Bird satellite image, with reference to 2010
Year and the image such as winter QB, WV01, WV02, GE in 2011.Raw video is all of multispectral and full-colored data is all marked with country
Map carries out smart correction based on quasi- aviation image.Plains region multispectral data precision rectification error is no more than 0.5 pixel,
Full-colored data precision rectification error is within 1 pixel.Ensure to carry out the multispectral and panchromatic image data of fusion treatment simultaneously
Error is mutually matched no more than 1 pixel.Region of no relief building bare area monitoring meets the requirement of 1: 10000 engineer's scale, meets 1: 10000
Vision zero deflection under engineer's scale, figure spot attribute and border precision are up to more than 90%；Then construction is solved with ground-level source
Translate and recognize, wherein the minimum upper area of pictural surface is 800 square metres, proportion of production chi is 1: 6000 to 1: 7000, checks that engineer's scale is expired
1: 10000 condition lower boundary of foot does not have obvious mistake.
According to the actual conditions that building bare area changes, building bare area in 2012 is divided into removal flattening phase, cubic metre of earth and stone rank
Five kinds of states of stage and other bare areas are not afforested in section, main body construction stage, main body completion.And under the guidance of interpretation mark, carry
Obtain to 5 kinds of building bare area patches.
Beijing's building bare area verifies the scope covering district of the whole city 16, chooses verify point position 100 altogether, shoots digital photograph
The width of piece 395.According to building bare area feature in itself, region of no relief being distributed in field operation route and sample point more.Whole sampling route has altogether
It is related to 100 points, False Rate is 2%, and misdetection rate is 0；Accuracy evaluation sampling check result shows Beijing's building bare area monitoring
More than 95%, estimated accuracy meets project demand precision to information extraction sampling precision.
During interior industry is verified, random sampling is carried out to building bare area achievement figure spot, sampling rate is 5% (95% confidence area
Between), attribute accuracy respectively to achievement figure spot, border precision are tested.Verified by sampling precision, region of no relief construction
Bare area achievement attribute accuracy is 98.3%, and border precision is 97.1%, and overall accuracy is 95.3%, has reached required precision.
The sampling precision of table 1. assesses table
Beijing's building bare area patch is extracted using high score remote sensing image data.Beijing Plain building is naked within 2012
Ground area is total up to 140.77km2, the 0.86% of whole city's gross area is accounted for, account for the 2.00% of plain regions.Region of no relief building is naked
Ground patch number total amount is 3441, and mean patch area is 0.06km2。
The construction emission factor of Beijing TSP obtained using four-dimensional flux method model, and according to TSP, PM10With PM2.5's
Proportionate relationship (PM2.5/PM10And PM2.5The average value of/TSP is respectively 55% and 29%), and respectively obtaining corresponding emission factor is
0.492kg/m2/30d、0.260kg/m2/30d、0.143kg/m2/ 30d, the research is using such emission factor measuring and calculating airborne dust row
High-volume.
It is calculated according to particle emission factor：The whole city TSP, PM10And PM2.5Discharge capacity be respectively 31.53 ten thousand tons,
16.66 ten thousand tons, 9.16 ten thousand tons.The either discharge capacity of which kind of particulate matter, in urban development new district and city function development area
Have a share higher, twoth area amount to more than 85%, ecology self-restraint development zone, city function core space discharge capacity it is then general
All over smaller.
Fig. 2 shows the fusion ground monitoring of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and the building bare area Atmospheric particulates of satellite image
Measuring method.
As shown in Fig. 2 a kind of building bare area Atmospheric particulates measuring method for merging ground monitoring and satellite image, including
Following steps：
Step S1, obtains and processes satellite image data, monitor area is observed based on High Resolution Satellite Images, is sentenced
Other and interpretation, extracts spatial distribution of the building bare area in target area.
The satellite image uses Quick-Bird satellite images.
The multispectral and full-colored data of original satellite image map based on national standard aviation image carries out several
What essence is corrected and carries out data fusion.
There is step S11 between the step S1 and step S2, the image that other satellites shoot with reference to the previous year or then,
Contrast differentiation is carried out to the bare area interpretation result in step S1.
Step S2, improves building bare area extraction accuracy, audits algorithm with interior industry precision using field operation accuracy evaluation, and combine
The aviation image data spectral information of close temporal proximity, improves the extraction accuracy of bare area patch.
Wherein, building bare area uses man computer interactive interpretation, extracts five kinds of building bare area spots in the different construction stages
Block, including removal flattening phase, the cubic metre of earth and stone stage, the main body construction stage, main body completion do not afforest stage and other bare areas, it is described
Five kinds of stage definitions of the above are as follows：
(1) removal flattening phase, refers to the soil in housing demolition and prepartion of land stage；
(2) cubic metre of earth and stone stage, the construction land used before being completed in shoveling stage and ground is referred to；
(3) the main body construction stage, refer in foundation construction complete and building body bind between construction land used；
(4) stage is not afforested in main body completion, refers to that main house body construction is completed and cell is not completed between greening or hardening
Construction land, and including the periphery bare area related to the construction；
(5) other bare areas, refer to the bare area for not changing in a year and having no vegetative coverage；
Five classes building bare area patch more than being extracted from satellite image, and five class plaque areas are calculated respectively.
Also include optional step S21 in the step S2, bare area patch random sampling is built to more than, sample size is
Nn, and building bare area patch to sampling out carries out field and verifies on the spot, the total quantity for building bare area patch is N, obtains non-building
Build bare area patch quantity NE, it is calculated building bare area patch False RateConfidential interval is set to 95%, in PEGreatly
In the case of 5%, step S2 is re-started.
In the step S21, for the characteristics of building bare area and according to each regional geography distribution characteristics, bare area patch is built
Random sampling includes following principle：
(1) all building bare area classifications are covered；
(2) it is as much as possible to be related to uncertain figure spot.
Step S3, determines Atmospheric particulates (TSP, PM10、PM2.5) discharge capacity, using four-dimensional flux method model determination particle
Thing emission factor, and according to emission factor and building bare area Area computing discharge quantity of particulate matter.
, it is necessary to determine the particle emission factor that five classes build bare area respectively in the step S3.
In the step S3, based on emission factor, TSP, PM of each building bare area patch are further calculated10、PM2.5Row
High-volume.
Step S4, evaluates and tests pollutant spatial distribution, using interpolation method fitting generation building bare area particulate matter spatial distribution.
In the step S4, after extraction building bare area patch geometric center point, according to TSP, PM10、PM2.5Discharge capacity,
Under GIS software ARCGIS is supported, using Ordinary Kriging Interpolation Spatial Interpolation Method, bare area is built in interpolation generation respectively
The spatial distribution map of grain thing discharge capacity.
It should be appreciated that above-mentioned specific embodiment of the invention is used only for exemplary illustration or explains of the invention
Principle, without being construed as limiting the invention.Therefore, that is done without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention is any
Modification, equivalent, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.Additionally, appended claims purport of the present invention
In the whole changes covered in the equivalents for falling into scope and border or this scope and border and repair
Change example.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of building bare area Atmospheric particulates measuring method for merging ground monitoring and satellite image, it is characterised in that including
Following steps：
Step S1, obtains and processes satellite image data, monitor area is observed based on High Resolution Satellite Images, differentiate and
Interpretation, extracts spatial distribution of the building bare area in target area；
Step S2, improves building bare area extraction accuracy, audits algorithm using field operation accuracy evaluation and interior industry precision, and combine close
The aviation image data spectral information of period, improves the extraction accuracy of bare area patch；
Step S3, determines Atmospheric particulates discharge capacity, and the Atmospheric particulates are TSP, PM10And PM2.5；Using four-dimensional flux method
Model determination particle emission factor, and according to emission factor and building bare area Area computing discharge quantity of particulate matter；
Step S4, evaluates and tests pollutant spatial distribution, using interpolation method fitting generation building bare area particulate matter spatial distribution.
2. the building bare area Atmospheric particulates measuring method of fusion ground monitoring and satellite image according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：In the step S1, satellite image uses Quick-Bird satellite images.
3. the building bare area Atmospheric particulates measuring method of fusion ground monitoring and satellite image according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：In the step S1, the multispectral and full-colored data of original satellite image is with national standard aviation image as base
Plinth map carries out geometric exact correction and carries out data fusion.
4. the building bare area Atmospheric particulates measuring method of fusion ground monitoring and satellite image according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：There is step S11 between the step S1 and step S2, the shadow that other satellites shoot with reference to the previous year or then
Picture, contrast differentiation is carried out to the bare area interpretation result in step S1.
5. the building bare area Atmospheric particulates measuring method of fusion ground monitoring and satellite image according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：In the step S2, building bare area uses man computer interactive interpretation, extracts five kinds and is in the different construction stages
Building bare area patch, including removal flattening phase, the cubic metre of earth and stone stage, the main body construction stage, main body completion do not afforest the stage and its
His bare area, wherein：
(1) removal flattening phase, refers to the soil in housing demolition and prepartion of land stage；
(2) cubic metre of earth and stone stage, the construction land used before being completed in shoveling stage and ground is referred to；
(3) the main body construction stage, refer in foundation construction complete and building body bind between construction land used；
(4) stage is not afforested in main body completion, refers to the construction that main house body construction is completed and cell is not completed between greening or hardening
Land used, and including the periphery bare area related to the construction；
(5) other bare areas, refer to the bare area for not changing in a year and having no vegetative coverage,
Five classes building bare area patch more than being extracted from satellite image, and five class plaque areas are calculated respectively.
6. the building bare area Atmospheric particulates measuring method of fusion ground monitoring and satellite image according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Also include step S21 in the step S2, the building bare area patch random sampling to more than, sample size is Nn,
And the building bare area patch to sampling out carries out field and verifies on the spot, the total quantity for building bare area patch is N, obtains non-building naked
Ground patch quantity NE, it is calculated building bare area patch False RateConfidential interval is set to 95%, in PEMore than 5%
In the case of, re-start step S2.
7. the building bare area Atmospheric particulates measuring method of fusion ground monitoring and satellite image according to claim 6,
It is characterized in that：In the step S21, for the characteristics of building bare area and according to each regional geography distribution characteristics, bare area is built
Patch random sampling includes following principle：
(1) all building bare area classifications are covered；
(2) it is as much as possible to be related to uncertain figure spot.
8. the building bare area Atmospheric particulates measuring method of fusion ground monitoring and satellite image according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：, it is necessary to determine the particle emission factor that five classes build bare area respectively in the step S3.
9. the building bare area Atmospheric particulates measuring method of fusion ground monitoring and satellite image according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：In the step S3, based on emission factor, TSP, PM of each building bare area patch are further calculated10、PM2.5
Discharge capacity.
10. the building bare area Atmospheric particulates measuring method of fusion ground monitoring and satellite image according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：In the step S4, after extraction building bare area patch geometric center point, according to TSP, PM10、PM2.5Discharge
Amount, under GIS software ARCGIS supports, using Ordinary Kriging Interpolation Spatial Interpolation Method, interpolation generation building is naked respectively
The spatial distribution map of ground discharge quantity of particulate matter.
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| WO2022162307A1 (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-08-04 | Com'in Sas | Method for determining, in real time and continuously, an amount of particles of a given material |
| FR3119458A1 (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-08-05 | Intrapreneuriat Bouygues | Process for the real-time and continuous determination of a particle rate of a given material |
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