CN102539336B - Method and system for estimating inhalable particles based on HJ-1 satellite - Google Patents
Method and system for estimating inhalable particles based on HJ-1 satellite Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for estimating inhalable particles based on an HJ-1 satellite. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, inverting the optical thickness of an aerosol in a target area by original data which are acquired by charge coupled device (CCD) cameras of an HJ-1A satellite and an HJ-1B satellite, and interpolating and smoothing the optical thickness of the aerosol inthe target area; 2, acquiring the height of an atmospheric boundary layer through a laser radar, and vertically correcting the interpolated and smoothed optical thickness of the aerosol according to the height of the atmospheric boundary layer to obtain an extinction coefficient of a near-surface aerosol; 3, acquiring near-surface relative humidity by observation of a weather instrument, and performing humidity correction on the extinction coefficient of the near-surface aerosol to obtain the extinction coefficient of a dried near-surface aerosol, wherein the extinction coefficient is not influenced by moisture absorption growth; and 4, converting the extinction coefficient of the dried near-surface aerosol into the concentration of near-surface inhalable particles. The method has the advantage that: by continuously and dynamically acquiring atmospheric information through satellite remote sensing, the space distribution of the inhalable particles in a large area can be reflected comprehensively and dynamically.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to atmospheric environment remote sensing monitoring technical field, particularly a kind of pellet evaluation method and system based on a satellite of environment.
Background technology
As a kind of main atmosphere pollution, gasoloid has been admitted facts to the influence of publilc health, is directly threatening human survival and sustainable development.Wherein, pellet PM10 (aerodynamic diameter is less than the particle of 10 μ m) but the bronchial region of intelligent's body, particle diameter can reach alveolar region less than the particle of 5 μ m, the littler example of part even can enter the blood of human body circulation system by capillary is to heart and cardiovascularly cause bigger harm.According to " China Environmental State Bulletin in 2006 " statistics, in 557 cities of China's monitoring, 43.4% urban atmosphere quality does not have up to standard, and particle is major pollutants.
Spatial and temporal distributions, source and the transmission path that accurately obtains PM10 is to weigh its pollution effect, formulates the important leverage that particle is prevented and treated policy.The main ground station that relies on of current PM10 monitoring, yet because the general expensive and maintenance complexity of scope, environmental monitoring website skewness and limited amount, can't reflect the space distribution of pellet in big zone comprehensively, dynamically, be difficult to pollutant source, transfer passage are accurately analyzed.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical matters that will solve
How comprehensively, dynamically the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to reflect the space distribution of pellet in big zone, and pollutant source, transfer passage are accurately analyzed, and reduces equipment cost and safeguards complexity.
(2) technical scheme
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of pellet evaluation method based on a satellite of environment, may further comprise the steps:
S1: the aerosol optical depth of the raw data inverting target area that the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment obtains, and the aerosol optical depth of described target area carried out interpolation and smoothing processing;
S2: obtain atmospheric boundary layer height by laser radar, according to described atmospheric boundary layer height each pixel through the aerosol optical depth after described interpolation and the smoothing processing is carried out vertical correcting one by one, obtain aerocolloidal extinction coefficient near the ground;
S3: the observation by atmospherium obtains relative humidity near the ground, according to described relative humidity near the ground each pixel of described Aerosol Extinction near the ground is carried out humidity one by one and correct, obtain not have moisture absorption to increase the Aerosol Extinction dry near the ground of influence;
S4: according to the concentration of pellet near the ground and the correlationship of described drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground, each pixel of described drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground is converted into one by one the concentration of pellet near the ground.
Wherein, step S1 specifically comprises:
S11: based on the radiation delivery model to how much of difference observations, gasoloid pattern, aerosol optical depth, and the apparent reflectance of the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment is simulated under the type condition of the face of land, sets up the multidimensional lookup table of inverting aerosol optical depth;
S12: the raw data of obtaining the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment, described raw data is resampled, obtain how much of radiation calibration coefficient and the observations corresponding with described raw data in the auxiliary data file by described raw data, be apparent reflectance by described radiation calibration coefficient with the grayvalue transition of the raw data after resampling, described observation comprises for how much: the relative bearing of solar zenith angle, observation zenith angle and the sun and satellite;
S13: calculate normalized differential vegetation index according to described apparent reflectance, carry out the identification of dark pixel according to described normalized differential vegetation index, utilize described observation how much described multidimensional lookup table to be carried out interpolation, obtain the atmospheric parameter of red, the blue wave band of described dark pixel under the different aerosol optical depths, and according to the apparent reflectance of described atmospheric parameter and described dark pixel, obtain the aerosol optical depth of target area by the radiation transfer equation inverting, described dark pixel is that normalized differential vegetation index is greater than the pixel of setting threshold;
S14: adopt the distance weighted average filtering method of N * N pixel, the aerosol optical depth of target area is carried out interpolation and smoothing processing.
Wherein, among the step S13, utilize normalized differential vegetation index to identify dark pixel, utilize how much of described observations interpolation from described multidimensional lookup table to obtain the red of described dark pixel under the different aerosol optical depths, the atmospheric parameter of blue wave band, red according to described radiation transfer equation and described dark pixel, the apparent albedometer of blue wave band is calculated and is obtained the red of dark pixel, the earth surface reflection rate of blue wave band, the described dark pixel of match red, ratio between the earth surface reflection rate of blue wave band is identical with the dark pixel experience ratio of actual measurement, this moment, corresponding aerosol optical depth was the inversion result of this dark pixel, described atmospheric parameter is corresponding with aerosol optical depth, comprising: the hemispherical reflectance of atmosphere lower bound, atmospheric transmittance, and the path radiation term equivalence reflectivity of atmosphere.
Wherein, step S2 specifically comprises:
S21: obtain atmospheric boundary layer height by laser radar;
S22: calculate described Aerosol Extinction near the ground by following formula,
K
a，0(λ)≈τ
a(λ)/H
A
Wherein, K
A, 0(λ) be described subaerial Aerosol Extinction, τ
a(λ) be aerosol optical depth through described pretreated target area, H
ABe described atmospheric boundary layer height.
Wherein, step S3 specifically comprises:
S31: the observation by atmospherium obtains relative humidity near the ground;
S32: calculate described drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground by following formula,
k
a，Dry(λ)＝k
a，0(λ)/(1-RH/100)
-g
Wherein, k
A, Dry(λ) be described drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground, k
A, 0(λ) be described subaerial Aerosol Extinction, RH is described relative humidity near the ground, and g is the constant that is determined by the aerosol chemistry component.
Wherein, in step S4, calculate the concentration of described pellet near the ground by following formula,
PM
10＝ak
a，Dry+b
Wherein, PM
10Be the concentration of described pellet near the ground, a and b are the constant that is obtained by the ground observation data fitting, k
A, Dry(λ) be described drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground.
Wherein, also comprise step after the step S4:
S5: the concentration of the described pellet near the ground that will obtain is exported.
The invention also discloses a kind of pellet estimating system based on a satellite of environment, comprising:
Inversion processing module is used for the aerosol optical depth of the raw data inverting target area that the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment obtains, and the aerosol optical depth of described target area is carried out interpolation and smoothing processing;
Vertically correct module, be used for obtaining atmospheric boundary layer height by laser radar, according to described atmospheric boundary layer height each pixel through the aerosol optical depth after described interpolation and the smoothing processing is carried out vertical correcting one by one, obtain aerocolloidal extinction coefficient near the ground;
Humidity is corrected module, be used for obtaining relative humidity near the ground by the observation of atmospherium, according to described relative humidity near the ground each pixel of described Aerosol Extinction near the ground is carried out humidity one by one and correct, obtain not have moisture absorption to increase the Aerosol Extinction dry near the ground of influence;
Conversion module is used for the correlationship according to pellet mass concentration and described drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground, each pixel of described drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground is converted into one by one the concentration of pellet near the ground.
Wherein, described inversion processing module further comprises:
Look-up table is set up submodule, be used for based on the radiation delivery model how much of difference observations, gasoloid pattern, aerosol optical depth, and the apparent reflectance of the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment is simulated under the type condition of the face of land, sets up the multidimensional lookup table of inverting aerosol optical depth;
The pre-service submodule, raw data for the charge coupled cell CCD camera that obtains an A/B star of environment, described raw data is resampled, obtain how much of radiation calibration coefficient and the observations corresponding with described raw data in the auxiliary data file by described raw data, be apparent reflectance by described radiation calibration coefficient with the grayvalue transition of the raw data after resampling, described observation comprises for how much: the relative bearing of solar zenith angle, observation zenith angle and the sun and satellite;
Calculate the inverting submodule, be used for calculating normalized differential vegetation index according to described apparent reflectance, carry out the identification of dark pixel according to described normalized differential vegetation index, utilize described observation how much described multidimensional lookup table to be carried out interpolation, obtain the atmospheric parameter of red, the blue wave band of described dark pixel under the different aerosol optical depths, and according to the apparent reflectance of described atmospheric parameter and described dark pixel, obtain the aerosol optical depth of target area by the radiation transfer equation inverting, described dark pixel is that normalized differential vegetation index is greater than the pixel of setting threshold;
Interpolation smoothing processing submodule be used for to adopt the distance weighted average filtering method of N * N pixel, and the aerosol optical depth of target area is carried out interpolation and smoothing processing.
(3) beneficial effect
The advantage of atmospheric information continuously, is dynamically obtained in the present invention's remote sensing via satellite, comprehensively, reflected the space distribution of pellet in big zone dynamically, can originate to pollutant, transfer passage accurately analyzes, and reduced equipment cost and safeguarded complexity.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram based on the pellet evaluation method of a satellite of environment according to one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the concentration result comparison chart of the PM10 of the concentration of the PM10 near the ground that estimates according to present embodiment and ground observation;
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart based on the pellet estimating system of a satellite of environment according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are used for explanation the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Satellite remote sensing has the advantage of continuously, dynamically obtaining atmospheric information in the large space scope, can distribute and transmission path in macroscopical distribution trend, the source remittance of different scale reflection pollutant, monitoring for the omnibearing stereo of atmospheric pollution provides important information source.In recent years, satellite remote sensing date is widely used in particle and dusty gas monitoring, and air quality policy making and air pollution forecasting are had huge using value.
But spatial resolution and the temporal resolution of satellite data are depended in the business monitoring that utilizes satellite remote sensing to carry out atmospheric environment to a great extent.As (the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of American National Air and Space Executive Agent, NASA) Moderate Imaging Spectroradiomete (moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer, MODIS) data have twice covering every day, but the aerosol optical depth product of NASA announcement at present has only 10km, is still seeming coarse aspect the municipal pollution monitoring; Thematic mapper (the Thematic Mapper of U.S.'s road resource satellite (Landsat), TM), charge coupled cell (the Charge-coupled Device of China's mini-bus landsat (CBERS-02B), CCD) etc. the sensor spatial resolution is better than 30m, though can satisfy the needs of spatial resolution, the cycle of returning to of the fabric width of 100km and tens days is difficult to satisfy the demand of practical application.China is in a satellite of environment (HJ-1A/B) of emission on September 6th, 2008, the CCD camera of its lift-launch has high spatial resolution (substar resolution is 30m) and high time resolution (A star and B star are united use can cover the whole nation in 2 days), than load such as MODIS and TM, CBERS-02B/CCD, be suitable for the monitoring of group of cities particle concentration areal distribution aspect two in time and space.
Based on a satellite of environment (HJ-1A/B) but CCD image data inverting aerosol optical depth (Aerosol Optical Thickness, AOT).AOT is aerocolloidal extinction coefficient integration in vertical direction in the whole atmosphere, the concentration of itself and PM10 near the ground has certain correlativity, but the correlationship of the two mainly is subjected to the influence of two uncertain factors, i.e. the moisture absorption rising characteristic of aerosol vertical distribution and Aerosol Extinction.These two factors respectively with pollution source, SEQUENCING VERTICAL structure, meteorological condition, and aerocolloidal pattern, particle spectra distribute closely related with chemical composition, with and marked change different with the region in season.Therefore, directly the AOT by HJ-1A/B estimates that the concentration of PM10 near the ground is faced with a large amount of uncertainties, and its time and space applicability are limited.Therefore need be by the concentration of data-evaluation PM10 near the ground such as aerosol vertical distribution and moisture absorption growth, to satisfy the actual needs of environmental monitoring.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram based on the pellet evaluation method of a satellite of environment according to one embodiment of the present invention, may further comprise the steps:
S1: the AOT of the CCD image data inverting target area (as the North China) that obtains according to the HJ-1A/B star, and the AOT of described target area carried out interpolation and smoothing processing;
Specifically comprise: S11: (the radiation delivery model is Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum in the present embodiment based on the radiation delivery model, the 6S model) to how much of difference observation, the gasoloid pattern, aerosol optical depth is (in the present embodiment, the span of aerosol optical depth is 0～2), and the HJ-1A/B star CCD camera under the type condition of the face of land is red, the apparent reflectance of blue wave band is simulated, set up the multidimensional lookup table of inverting aerosol optical depth, in the present embodiment, relevant parameter is set at: (0 ° of 9 solar zenith angle, 6 °, 12 °, 24 °, 35.2 °, 48 °, 54 °, 60 ° and 66 °), the wave band that look-up table calculates is blue wave band and the red wave band of CCD camera, aerosol model is continent type gasoloid, aerosol optical depth with respect to 0.55 mum wavelength place is made as 6 grades (0,0.25,0.5,1,1.5 and 1.95), height above sea level is 0 meter, and face of land type is vegetation.
S12: obtain the CCD image data by the CCD camera on the HJ-1A/B star, for accelerating travelling speed and improving signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), described CCD image data is carried out the synthetic of 10 * 10 pixels, resampling becomes the image of 300 meters resolution, obtain how much of radiation calibration coefficient and the observations corresponding with described CCD image data in the auxiliary data xml file by described CCD image data, by described radiation calibration coefficient the gray-scale value (DN value) of the CCD image data after resampling is converted to apparent reflectance, described observation geometry comprises: solar zenith angle, the relative bearing of observation zenith angle and the sun and satellite.
S13: calculate normalized differential vegetation index (NormalizedDifference Vegetation Index according to described apparent reflectance, NDVI), identify dark pixel according to the NDVI that calculates, it is red to utilize how much of described observations interpolation from described multidimensional lookup table to obtain under the different optical thickness described dark pixel, the atmospheric parameter of blue wave band, red according to radiation transfer equation and described dark pixel, the apparent albedometer of blue wave band is calculated and is obtained the red of dark pixel, the earth surface reflection rate of blue wave band, the described dark pixel of match red, (the ground actual measurement obtains for ratio between the earth surface reflection rate of blue wave band and the dark pixel experience ratio of actual measurement, be generally 1.55) identical, this moment, corresponding aerosol optical depth was the inversion result of this dark pixel, described dark pixel is that normalized differential vegetation index is greater than setting threshold (in the present embodiment, setting threshold is 0.3) pixel, described atmospheric parameter is corresponding with aerosol optical depth, comprising: the hemispherical reflectance of atmosphere lower bound, atmospheric transmittance, and the path radiation term equivalence reflectivity of atmosphere.
S14: the distance weighted average filtering method that adopts N * N pixel, aerosol optical depth to the target area carries out interpolation and smoothly waits pre-service, in the present embodiment, because the high reflection face of land (as exposed soil) and cloud pixel do not satisfy dark pixel condition and do not carry out the AOT inverting, there is certain null value district in the aerosol optical depth of the target area that step S13 obtains, AOT value and inhibition abnormity point for the non-dark pixel point of interpolation part, need carry out interpolation and smoothing processing to the AOT of target area, adopt the distance weighted average filtering method of 9 * 9 pixels to carry out.
S2: obtain atmospheric boundary layer height by laser radar, based on described atmospheric boundary layer height each pixel through the AOT after interpolation and the smoothing processing is carried out vertical correcting one by one, obtain aerocolloidal extinction coefficient near the ground, be specially:
AOT is the vertical integration of each layer of atmosphere Aerosol Extinction:
Wherein, k
a(λ, z) the expression af at wavelength lambda highly is being the Aerosol Extinction of z.Suppose that Aerosol Extinction vertically is the distribution of negative exponent:
k
a(λ，z)≈k
a，0(λ)exp(-z/H
A)
Wherein, H
ARepresent aerocolloidal absolute altitude, the approximate replacement of atmospheric boundary layer height of namely obtaining with laser radar herein, k
A, 0(λ) represent subaerial Aerosol Extinction.Two formulas above comprehensive can get:
Based on above-mentioned equation, the atmospheric boundary layer height that can utilize laser radar to obtain is vertically corrected described HJ-1A/B satellite AOT, obtains Aerosol Extinction near the ground, that is:
k
a，0(λ)≈τ
a(λ)/H
A
Wherein, k
A, 0(λ) be described subaerial Aerosol Extinction, τ
a(λ) be the aerosol optical depth of the target area after interpolation and smoothing processing, H
ABe described atmospheric boundary layer height.
S3: the observation by atmospherium obtains relative humidity near the ground, according to described relative humidity near the ground each pixel of described Aerosol Extinction near the ground being carried out humidity one by one corrects, acquisition does not have moisture absorption to increase the Aerosol Extinction dry near the ground of influence, particularly, the observation by atmospherium obtains relative humidity near the ground; Aerosol extinction moisture absorption growth factor f (RH) is environment Aerosol Extinction (contain moisture absorption increase influence) and the ratio of dry aerosol extinction coefficient (no moisture absorption increases to be influenced), and gets the moisture absorption growth factor and be
f(RH)＝(1-RH/100)-g
Wherein, RH is described relative humidity near the ground (number percent), and g is the constant that is determined by the aerosol chemistry component.The Aerosol Extinction k under the drying condition then
A, Dry(λ) can be by the Aerosol Extinction k near the ground of described process S3 gained
A, 0(λ) correct through humidity and obtain:
k
a，Dry(λ)＝k
a，0(λ)/(1-RH/100)
-g
Wherein, k
A, Dry(λ) be described drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground, k
A, 0(λ) be described subaerial Aerosol Extinction, RH is described relative humidity near the ground, and g is the constant that is determined by the aerosol chemistry component.
S4: according to the concentration of pellet near the ground and the correlationship of described drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground, each pixel of described drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground is converted into one by one the concentration of pellet near the ground, particularly, according to the Mie scattering law, compose under certain situation in aerosol chemistry component and example, the dry aerosol extinction coefficient is directly proportional with the concentration of described PM10, then can estimate the concentration of PM10 near the ground according to the dry aerosol extinction coefficient that the correlationship of the two is obtained by described process S3, calculate the concentration of described PM10 near the ground by following formula
PM
10＝ak
a，Dry+b
Wherein, PM
10Be the concentration of described pellet near the ground, a and b are the constant that is obtained by the ground observation data fitting, k
A, Dry(λ) be described drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground.
Also comprise step after the step S4:
S5: the concentration of the described pellet near the ground that will obtain is exported, in the present embodiment, the estimation result of the concentration of described PM10 near the ground is output as the grid image file (as GeoTiff) with spatial orientation information, and generates thematic map and statistical report form automatically according to the service needed of environment monitoring.
The concentration of the PM10 near the ground that Fig. 2 estimates for the CCD image data that obtains according to HJ-1A/B in the present embodiment and the comparison chart as a result of the concentration (being drawn by air pollution index API reckoning) of the PM10 of Beijing area ground observation, the time that data are obtained is that on May 2nd, 2009 was to August 23, totally 26 day data, the two has higher consistance as can be seen.
The invention also discloses a kind of pellet estimating system based on a satellite of environment, as shown in Figure 3, comprising:
Inversion processing module is used for the aerosol optical depth of the raw data inverting target area that the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment obtains, and the aerosol optical depth of described target area is carried out interpolation and smoothing processing;
Vertically correct module, be used for obtaining atmospheric boundary layer height by laser radar, according to described atmospheric boundary layer height each pixel through the aerosol optical depth after described interpolation and the smoothing processing is carried out vertical correcting one by one, obtain aerocolloidal extinction coefficient near the ground;
Humidity is corrected module, be used for obtaining relative humidity near the ground by the observation of atmospherium, according to described relative humidity near the ground each pixel of described Aerosol Extinction near the ground is carried out humidity one by one and correct, obtain not have moisture absorption to increase the Aerosol Extinction dry near the ground of influence;
Conversion module is used for the correlationship according to pellet mass concentration and described drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground, each pixel of described drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground is converted into one by one the concentration of pellet near the ground.
Wherein, described inversion processing module further comprises:
Look-up table is set up submodule, be used for based on the radiation delivery model how much of difference observations, gasoloid pattern, aerosol optical depth, and the apparent reflectance of the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment is simulated under the type condition of the face of land, sets up the multidimensional lookup table of inverting aerosol optical depth;
The pre-service submodule, raw data for the charge coupled cell CCD camera that obtains an A/B star of environment, described raw data is resampled, obtain how much of radiation calibration coefficient and the observations corresponding with described raw data in the auxiliary data file by described raw data, be apparent reflectance by described radiation calibration coefficient with the grayvalue transition of the raw data after resampling, described observation comprises for how much: the relative bearing of solar zenith angle, observation zenith angle and the sun and satellite;
Calculate the inverting submodule, be used for calculating normalized differential vegetation index according to described apparent reflectance, carry out the identification of dark pixel according to described normalized differential vegetation index, utilize described observation how much described multidimensional lookup table to be carried out interpolation, obtain the atmospheric parameter of red, the blue wave band of described dark pixel under the different aerosol optical depths, and according to the apparent reflectance of described atmospheric parameter and described dark pixel, obtain the aerosol optical depth of target area by the radiation transfer equation inverting, described dark pixel is that normalized differential vegetation index is greater than the pixel of setting threshold;
Interpolation smoothing processing submodule be used for to adopt the distance weighted average filtering method of N * N pixel, and the aerosol optical depth of target area is carried out interpolation and smoothing processing.
Above embodiment only is used for explanation the present invention; and be not limitation of the present invention; the those of ordinary skill in relevant technologies field; under the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can also make a variety of changes and modification; therefore all technical schemes that are equal to also belong to category of the present invention, and scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. the pellet evaluation method based on a satellite of environment is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
S1: the aerosol optical depth of the raw data inverting target area that the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment obtains, and the aerosol optical depth of described target area carried out interpolation and smoothing processing;
S2: obtain atmospheric boundary layer height by laser radar, according to described atmospheric boundary layer height each pixel through the aerosol optical depth after described interpolation and the smoothing processing is carried out vertical correcting one by one, obtain aerocolloidal extinction coefficient near the ground;
S3: the observation by atmospherium obtains relative humidity near the ground, according to described relative humidity near the ground each pixel of described Aerosol Extinction near the ground is carried out humidity one by one and correct, obtain not have moisture absorption to increase the Aerosol Extinction dry near the ground of influence;
S4: according to the concentration of pellet near the ground and the correlationship of described drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground, each pixel of described drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground is converted into one by one the concentration of pellet near the ground;
Step S1 specifically comprises:
S11: based on the radiation delivery model to how much of difference observations, gasoloid pattern, aerosol optical depth, and the apparent reflectance of the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment is simulated under the type condition of the face of land, sets up the multidimensional lookup table of inverting aerosol optical depth;
S12: the raw data of obtaining the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment, described raw data is resampled, obtain how much of radiation calibration coefficient and the observations corresponding with described raw data in the auxiliary data file by described raw data, be apparent reflectance by described radiation calibration coefficient with the grayvalue transition of the raw data after resampling, described observation comprises for how much: the relative bearing of solar zenith angle, observation zenith angle and the sun and satellite;
S13: calculate normalized differential vegetation index according to described apparent reflectance, carry out the identification of dark pixel according to described normalized differential vegetation index, utilize described observation how much described multidimensional lookup table to be carried out interpolation, obtain the atmospheric parameter of red, the blue wave band of described dark pixel under the different aerosol optical depths, and according to the apparent reflectance of described atmospheric parameter and described dark pixel, obtain the aerosol optical depth of target area by the radiation transfer equation inverting, described dark pixel is that normalized differential vegetation index is greater than the pixel of setting threshold;
S14: adopt the distance weighted average filtering method of N * N pixel, the aerosol optical depth of target area is carried out interpolation and smoothing processing.
2. pellet evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, among the step S13, utilize normalized differential vegetation index to identify dark pixel, utilize how much of described observations interpolation from described multidimensional lookup table to obtain the red of described dark pixel under the different aerosol optical depths, the atmospheric parameter of blue wave band, red according to described radiation transfer equation and described dark pixel, the apparent albedometer of blue wave band is calculated and is obtained the red of dark pixel, the earth surface reflection rate of blue wave band, the described dark pixel of match red, ratio between the earth surface reflection rate of blue wave band is identical with the dark pixel experience ratio of actual measurement, this moment, corresponding aerosol optical depth was the inversion result of this dark pixel, described atmospheric parameter is corresponding with aerosol optical depth, comprising: the hemispherical reflectance of atmosphere lower bound, atmospheric transmittance, and the path radiation term equivalence reflectivity of atmosphere.
3. pellet evaluation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that step S2 specifically comprises:
S21: obtain atmospheric boundary layer height by laser radar;
S22: calculate described Aerosol Extinction near the ground by following formula,
K
a,0(λ)≈τ
a(λ)/H
A
Wherein, K
A, 0(λ) be described subaerial Aerosol Extinction, τ
a(λ) be aerosol optical depth through pretreated described target area, H
ABe described atmospheric boundary layer height.
4. pellet evaluation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that step S3 specifically comprises:
S31: the observation by atmospherium obtains relative humidity near the ground;
S32: calculate described drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground by following formula,
k
a,Dry(λ)=k
a,0(λ)/(1-RH/100)
-g
Wherein, k
A, Dry(λ) be described drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground, k
A, 0(λ) be described subaerial Aerosol Extinction, RH is described relative humidity near the ground, and g is the constant that is determined by the aerosol chemistry component.
5. pellet evaluation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, calculates the concentration of described pellet near the ground in step S4 by following formula,
PM
10=ak
a,Dry+b
Wherein, PM
10Be the concentration of described pellet near the ground, a and b are the constant that is obtained by the ground observation data fitting, k
A, Dry(λ) be described drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground.
6. pellet evaluation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises step after the step S4:
S5: the concentration of the described pellet near the ground that will obtain is exported.
7. the pellet estimating system based on a satellite of environment is characterized in that, comprising:
Inversion processing module is used for the aerosol optical depth of the raw data inverting target area that the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment obtains, and the aerosol optical depth of described target area is carried out interpolation and smoothing processing;
Vertically correct module, be used for obtaining atmospheric boundary layer height by laser radar, according to described atmospheric boundary layer height each pixel through the aerosol optical depth after described interpolation and the smoothing processing is carried out vertical correcting one by one, obtain aerocolloidal extinction coefficient near the ground;
Humidity is corrected module, be used for obtaining relative humidity near the ground by the observation of atmospherium, according to described relative humidity near the ground each pixel of described Aerosol Extinction near the ground is carried out humidity one by one and correct, obtain not have moisture absorption to increase the Aerosol Extinction dry near the ground of influence;
Conversion module is used for the correlationship according to pellet mass concentration and described drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground, each pixel of described drying Aerosol Extinction near the ground is converted into one by one the concentration of pellet near the ground;
Described inversion processing module further comprises:
Look-up table is set up submodule, be used for based on the radiation delivery model how much of difference observations, gasoloid pattern, aerosol optical depth, and the apparent reflectance of the charge coupled cell CCD camera of an A/B star of environment is simulated under the type condition of the face of land, sets up the multidimensional lookup table of inverting aerosol optical depth;
The pre-service submodule, raw data for the charge coupled cell CCD camera that obtains an A/B star of environment, described raw data is resampled, obtain how much of radiation calibration coefficient and the observations corresponding with described raw data in the auxiliary data file by described raw data, be apparent reflectance by described radiation calibration coefficient with the grayvalue transition of the raw data after resampling, described observation comprises for how much: the relative bearing of solar zenith angle, observation zenith angle and the sun and satellite;
Calculate the inverting submodule, be used for calculating normalized differential vegetation index according to described apparent reflectance, carry out the identification of dark pixel according to described normalized differential vegetation index, utilize described observation how much described multidimensional lookup table to be carried out interpolation, obtain the atmospheric parameter of red, the blue wave band of described dark pixel under the different aerosol optical depths, and according to the apparent reflectance of described atmospheric parameter and described dark pixel, obtain the aerosol optical depth of target area by the radiation transfer equation inverting, described dark pixel is that normalized differential vegetation index is greater than the pixel of setting threshold;
Interpolation smoothing processing submodule be used for to adopt the distance weighted average filtering method of N * N pixel, and the aerosol optical depth of target area is carried out interpolation and smoothing processing.
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