CN102520330B - Volt-ampere characteristic testing system of solar cell photovoltaic device - Google Patents
Volt-ampere characteristic testing system of solar cell photovoltaic device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A volt-ampere characteristic testing system of a solar cell photovoltaic device belongs to a photoelectric testing device and solves problems that an existing testing system needs to set irradiance through manual operation, and irradiance determining and sample battery testing cannot be carried out simultaneously. The volt-ampere characteristic testing system comprises a sunlight simulator, an irradiance choosing device, an irradiance determining device, a battery testing device and a computer. The sunlight simulator is composed of a an xenon lamp on an optical path and filtering sheets with air quality of 1.5, and the irradiance choosing device and the irradiance determining device are sequentially arranged on an output optical path of the solar simulator. A direct current voltage source supplies power to the irradiance choosing device and irradiance determining device. The battery testing device is connected with the computer through a general purpose interface bus. The volt-ampere characteristic testing system is simple in assembly, fast and easy to operate, all required devices and components can be bought at the market, elements can be acquired easily, and the volt-ampere characteristic testing system can accurately and automatically give out a characteristic curve in real time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to opto-electronic testing apparatus, relate in particular to a kind of solar cell photovoltaic device voltage-current characteristic test macro.
Background technology
Estimate the year two thousand fifty, earth population will reach 12,000,000,000, follow economic growth, and global energy consumption total amount will be 28TW.The about 14TW of current global consumption, energy breach is 14TW.Therefore, urgent need low cost, high efficiency photovoltaic cell meet the following demand to the energy.
DSSC is to imitate green plants photosynthesis principle, a kind of novel solar battery of developing, material price used is cheap, manufacture craft is relatively simple, preparation cost is low, and equipment investment is few, and long service life, stable performance is not polluted and toxic action in production, making and use procedure.The distinguishing feature of this battery is by the visible light transformation that sees through face glass, to be electric energy from all angles, as for drive fan.Different with the operation principle of conventional silica-based solar cell, in DSSC, light absorption and charge carrier transport are carried out respectively in different materials, can under low light condition, carry out opto-electronic conversion work, be uniquely in current area of solar cell can accomplish transparent device, this is that the type battery is as a significant advantage of new forms of energy application aspect.From Switzerland M. in 1991
professor and partner thereof, after " nature " periodical (Nature, 1991,353,737) has been reported such high efficiency battery, are subject to people's extensive concern, have become one of the most active Disciplinary Frontiers of solar cell of new generation.At present, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of this battery under air quality 1.5 (Air Mass 1.5 is called for short AM 1.5) condition reaches 12.3%.
In to the research process of the photovoltaic devices such as DSSC, the voltage-current characteristic of accurate test solar cell, can obtain some important parameters, as: open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), fill factor, curve factor (FF), peak power output (Pmax), conversion efficiency (η) etc., particularly measure the device voltage-current characteristic under different irradiance conditions, intuitively the performance of characterizing battery device.Therefore the improvement of method of testing and test macro has great practical significance to research, raising solar battery efficiency.
The OrielI-V characteristic test system of U.S. Newport company exploitation, can carry out Measurement and Computation to the voltage-current characteristic of solar cell and device physics parameter, comprise the parameters such as open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), fill factor, curve factor (FF), peak power output (Pmax), conversion efficiency (η), this system comprises solar simulator, digital sourcemeter, standard cell, battery bracket, probe assembly and software kit.Although this system data test accurately, set irradiance and must change the luminous intensity of solar simulator and need manual operation, mensuration irradiance value and specimen battery device process not to carry out simultaneously.Because actual irradiance condition is subject to the impact of the luminous intensity of ambient temperature, air humidity, solar simulator, the inevitable irradiance value with setting has the error of certain limit.In order to increase measuring accuracy, improve, must when measuring sample battery device parameter, measure actual irradiance condition.Manually-operated mode is set irradiance condition, can increase the complexity of whole test, and actual irradiance condition that can not the real time measure sample battery device, can reduce the accuracy of test.Also there is an identical difficult problem in the main supplier of domestic existing photovoltaic device test macro provides at present test macro or device.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of solar cell photovoltaic device voltage-current characteristic test macro, solve existing test macro and must adopt manually-operated mode to set the problem that irradiance value, mensuration irradiance value and specimen cell process can not be carried out simultaneously.
A kind of solar cell photovoltaic device voltage-current characteristic test macro of the present invention, comprises solar simulator, battery tester and computer, it is characterized in that:
On described solar simulator output light path, be disposed with irradiance choice device and irradiance determinator;
Described solar simulator, is comprised of the xenon lamp in light path and air quality 1.5 filter plates, produces simulated solar irradiation, and its spectral irradiance approaches the standard solar spectrum irradiancy of air quality 1.5;
Described irradiance choice device comprises rotating disk, direct current machine, direct current motor drive circuit and photoelectric detective circuit, and described center of turntable is fixed on DC motor shaft, and direct current machine is controlled and driven by direct current motor drive circuit; Direct current machine and direct current motor drive circuit are powered by direct voltage source; On described rotating disk, there is N, along even circumferential arrangement, the consistent light hole in aperture, the optical filtering net that covers light hole is wherein housed respectively on N-1 light hole, 2≤N≤20, each order number that filters net is 10 order～400 orders, and unequal mutually; Described photoelectric detective circuit is positioned at the rear of rotating disk, photodiode, biasing circuit and the first analog to digital conversion circuit, consists of, and wherein photodiode is in described rotating disk circumference light hole position, and the first analog to digital conversion circuit is by serial line interface and compunication;
Described irradiance determinator comprises motorized precision translation stage, motorized precision translation stage drive circuit and signal acquisition circuit, the table top of described motorized precision translation stage is vertical with irradiance choice device output light path direction, on the table top of motorized precision translation stage, be placed with reference cell, motorized precision translation stage drive circuit is controlled the motion of motorized precision translation stage along continuous straight runs, and motorized precision translation stage drive circuit is powered by direct voltage source; Described signal acquisition circuit is composed in parallel by test resistance and the second analog to digital conversion circuit, and wherein test resistance is connected with reference cell, and the second analog to digital conversion circuit is by serial line interface and compunication;
During test, mesuring battary is placed on motorized precision translation stage table top, and battery tester and mesuring battary are composed in series test circuit, and battery tester connects computer by general-purpose interface bus;
Described computer carries out following operation:
A. by inputting interface input test parameter: the test irradiance value P of mesuring battary is, start bias value and the end bias value of the area S of mesuring battary and battery tester test mesuring battary;
B. receive the magnitude of voltage V of the first analog to digital conversion circuit
1, using it as corresponding irradiance value P
1: P
1=K
1* V
1+ b
1, wherein, K
1, b
1be constant, by concrete photodiode model, determined;
C. judge whether | (P
1-P)/P|≤10%, is to go to step D, otherwise controls direct current motor drive circuit in irradiance choice device, drives direct current machine to drive dial rotation, and carries out step C;
D. control direct current motor drive circuit in irradiance choice device, stop direct current machine and dial rotation, after rotating disk stops operating, the motorized precision translation stage drive circuit of controlling in irradiance determinator drives stroke of electric translation stage translation, receive a series of reference cell value of electrical signals that the second analog to digital conversion circuit transmits simultaneously, and record motorized precision translation stage translation position corresponding to each value of electrical signals, from each value of electrical signals, obtain maximum value of electrical signals and corresponding translation position, and by maximum value of electrical signals I
inactual irradiance value P as correspondence
in; P
in=K
2* I
in+ b
2, K
2, b
2be constant, by concrete reference cell model, determined;
E. the motorized precision translation stage drive circuit of controlling in irradiance determinator drives motorized precision translation stage to continue translation, makes sample cell translation to translation position corresponding to maximum value of electrical signals; Sample battery arrives behind this position, control the voltage-current characteristic that battery tester starts to test mesuring battary, receive and preserve the mesuring battary voltage-current characteristic test data of battery tester transmission, process rear output volt-ampere characteristic and following characterization parameter: open circuit voltage Voc, open circuit voltage Voc, peak power output Pmax, fill factor, curve factor FF, efficiency eta.
The standard solar spectrum irradiancy of described air quality 1.5 is stipulated in GB GB/T17683.1-1999;
Described open circuit voltage Voc, open circuit voltage Voc, peak power output Pmax, fill factor, curve factor FF, efficiency eta are stipulated in GB GB/T6495.3-1996.
Described solar cell photovoltaic device voltage-current characteristic test macro, is characterized in that:
By concrete photodiode model, determine constant K
1, b
1process be, under a series of different irradiance conditions, measure the photovoltage that photodiode is corresponding, obtain irradiance-photovoltage curve, this curve is carried out to linear fit, obtain K
1, b
1;
By concrete reference cell model, determine constant K
2, b
2process be: under a series of different irradiance conditions, measure the signal of telecommunication that reference cell is corresponding, obtain irradiance-signal of telecommunication curve, this curve is carried out to linear fit, obtain K
2, b
2; The described signal of telecommunication is current value, magnitude of voltage or performance number;
Described a series of different irradiance conditions are demarcated by standard solar cell.
Described solar cell photovoltaic device voltage-current characteristic test macro, is characterized in that: described optical filtering net is wire netting.
In the present invention, computer is controlled irradiance choice device, irradiance determinator on the one hand, make irradiance selection course and irradiance pH-value determination pH process without manual operation, thereby can reduce because the measure error that artificial origin causes, improve systematic survey accuracy and reliability, the data that analyzing and processing obtains are on the other hand simplified battery testing process and data processing; The photovoltaic device that the present invention can be representative to DSSC under different irradiance conditions is tested, and, actual irradiance value is demarcated accurately meanwhile, makes test result true and accurate.
System assembles of the present invention is simple, quick, easy to operate, and required each device and assembly all have commercially available, and element is easy to get, can be real-time, and precisely, automation provides characteristic curve.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1, schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2, irradiance choice device schematic diagram;
Fig. 3, irradiance determinator schematic diagram;
The optical filtering net transmissivity schematic diagram of Fig. 4, irradiance choice device;
Fig. 5, computer control schematic flow sheet;
Fig. 6, the volt-ampere characteristic figure of sample battery device under standard test condition;
Fig. 7, the volt-ampere characteristic figure of sample battery device under different irradiance conditions.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes solar simulator 3, battery tester 7 and computer 8, described solar simulator 3, by the xenon lamp 1 in light path and air quality 1.5 filter plates 2, formed, xenon lamp 1 sends light beam, 2 pairs of these light beam wave spectrums of air quality 1.5 filter plate are revised, and obtain simulated solar irradiation, and its spectral irradiance approaches the standard solar spectrum irradiancy of air quality 1.5; On solar simulator 3 output light paths, be disposed with irradiance choice device 4 and irradiance determinator 6; 5 pairs of irradiance choice devices 4 of direct voltage source and 6 power supplies of irradiance determinator; Battery tester 7 connects computer 8 by general-purpose interface bus.
As shown in Figure 2, irradiance choice device 4 comprises rotating disk 9, direct current machine 13, direct current motor drive circuit 11 and photoelectric detective circuit 12, and DC motor shaft is fixed at described rotating disk 9 centers, and direct current machine is controlled and driven by direct current motor drive circuit 11; Direct current machine 13 and direct current motor drive circuit 11 are powered by direct voltage source 5; On described rotating disk 9, have N, along even circumferential arrangement, the consistent light hole in aperture, optical filtering net 10,2≤N≤20 that cover light hole are wherein housed respectively on N-1 light hole, each order number that filters net is 10 order～400 orders, and unequal mutually; Described photoelectric detective circuit 12 is positioned at the rear of rotating disk 9, by photodiode, biasing circuit and the first analog to digital conversion circuit, formed, wherein photodiode is in described rotating disk circumference light hole position, and the first analog to digital conversion circuit is communicated by letter with computer 8 by serial line interface;
As shown in Figure 3, irradiance determinator 6 comprises motorized precision translation stage 16, motorized precision translation stage drive circuit 14 and signal acquisition circuit 15, the table top of described motorized precision translation stage 16 is vertical with irradiance choice device 4 output light path directions, on the table top of motorized precision translation stage 16, be placed with reference cell 18, motorized precision translation stage drive circuit 14 is controlled motorized precision translation stage 16 along continuous straight runs motions, and motorized precision translation stage drive circuit 14 is powered by direct voltage source 5; Described signal acquisition circuit 15 is composed in parallel by test resistance and the second analog to digital conversion circuit, and wherein test resistance is connected with reference cell 18, and the second analog to digital conversion circuit is communicated by letter with computer 8 by serial line interface;
During test, mesuring battary is placed on motorized precision translation stage 16 table tops, and battery tester 7 and mesuring battary 17 are composed in series test circuit, and battery tester 7 connects computer 8 by general-purpose interface bus;
In embodiments of the invention, the 6258 type xenon lamps that xenon lamp 1 adopts Newport company to produce, spot size is 50.8mm, air quality 1.5 filter plates 2 are the production AM1.5G filter plate of Newport company, disk diameter is 400mm along the flexible unthreaded hole that even circumferential is arranged, aperture is 70mm on rotating disk 9, to have 4, and flexible unthreaded hole and center of turntable distance are 100mm, optical filtering net 10 adopts 20 order steel meshes, 100 order steel meshes, 400 order steel meshes, cover respectively on 3 flexible unthreaded holes, surplus next flexible unthreaded hole does not cover any steel mesh, thereby 4 flexible unthreaded hole irradiance transmitances are 100%, 74%, 50%, 24%, other position transmitances of rotating disk are 0, utilize UV, visible light near infrared spectrometer analysis optical filtering net 10 as shown in Figure 4, 74%, 50%, 24% 3 kind of steel mesh transmissivity in 200nm to 1200nm scope can be thought straight line, do not cover steel mesh and compare with 100%, transmitance has declined and the distribution of spectrum does not change, be that incident light compares with transmitted light that irradiance declines and spectrum does not change, thereby the function that reaches existing selection irradiance can not make again the object of light beam spectrum change, the BPW21 type photodiode that the photodiode of photoelectric detective circuit 12 adopts U.S. VishaySiliconix company to produce, corresponding K
1=0.25, b
1=-0.25,
The 91150V type standard solar cell that reference cell 18 adopts U.S. Newport company to produce, the signal of telecommunication adopts performance number, corresponding constant K
2=1, b
2=0; Before each test, actual irradiance is demarcated, signal acquisition circuit 15 adopts the UT71E universal instrument of You Li moral Science and Technology Ltd., measure reference cell 18 current values, and utilize serial line interface that this current value is transferred to computer 8, computer 8 is converted to irradiance value by this current value, thereby obtain, be radiated at the actual irradiance value on mesuring battary, the motorized precision translation stage system that motorized precision translation stage 16 and motorized precision translation stage drive circuit 14 employing Wuhan Hua Tianke Photoelectric Co., Ltd.s far away provide and supporting motorized precision translation stage are controlled and drive unit; The IPD-3303LU proframmable linear DC power supply that direct voltage source 5 adopts Chengdu Ying Te Roc Science and Technology Ltd. to provide, the keithley2400 type digital power ammeter that battery tester 7 adopts U.S. keithley company to produce, computer 8 adopts the Yang Tian of association series M6600N type computer.
Fig. 5 is computer control schematic flow sheet, under the Igor6.21 programmed environment that the present embodiment provides in U.S. Wavematrix company, and the program of design and system support.
While testing, motorized precision translation stage table top is placed mesuring battary, and mesuring battary and the line of centres of reference cell and the direction of motion of motorized precision translation stage are parallel.Concrete testing procedure is as follows:
1. open computer, direct voltage source, xenon lamp power supply; Place mesuring battary to tram, and fixing mesuring battary;
2. at computer input interface, input required test parameter, comprise the irradiance value P of test battery, the start bias value of the area S of mesuring battary and test mesuring battary and end bias value start test;
3. after computer export characterization parameter, tester can change the irradiance value of setting, and repeating step 2 continues test, until tester finishes this test, changes battery and tests next time; Tester also can finish this test at once, changes battery and tests next time.
Test result is as shown in Figure 6, Figure 7:
Wherein Fig. 6 is the test curve figure of sample battery device under standard test condition, and output parameter is: open circuit voltage=0.81V, short circuit current=-16mA/em2, peak power output=-9mW, fill factor, curve factor=0.70, efficiency=9.1%;
Fig. 7 is that sample battery device is respectively test curve figure under 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% condition of irradiance under standard test condition at irradiance, and output parameter is followed successively by:
Open circuit voltage=0.81V, short circuit current=-16mA/cm
2, peak power output=-9mW, fill factor, curve factor=0.70, efficiency=9.1%;
Open circuit voltage=0.80V, short circuit current=-12mA/cm
2, peak power output=-7mW, fill factor, curve factor=0.72, efficiency=9.2%;
Open circuit voltage=0.78V, short circuit current=-8mA/cm
2, peak power output=-4.6mW, fill factor, curve factor=0.73, efficiency=9.2%;
Open circuit voltage=0.75V, short circuit current=-4mA/cm
2, peak power output=-2.2mW, fill factor, curve factor=0.75, efficiency=9.1%.
Standard solar cell and standard test condition have relevant regulations in GB 6495.3-1996.
Claims (3)
1. a solar cell photovoltaic device voltage-current characteristic test macro, comprises solar simulator (3), battery tester (7) and computer (8), it is characterized in that:
On described solar simulator (3) output light path, be disposed with irradiance choice device (4) and irradiance determinator (6);
Described solar simulator (3), is comprised of the xenon lamp in light path (1) and air quality 1.5 filter plates (2), produces simulated solar irradiation, and its spectral irradiance approaches the standard solar spectrum irradiancy of air quality 1.5;
Described irradiance choice device (4) comprises rotating disk (9), direct current machine (13), direct current motor drive circuit (11) and photoelectric detective circuit (12), DC motor shaft is fixed at described rotating disk (9) center, and direct current machine is controlled (11) by direct current motor drive circuit and driven; Direct current machine (13) and direct current motor drive circuit (11) are powered by direct voltage source (5); On described rotating disk (9), there is N along even circumferential arrangement, the consistent light hole in aperture, the optical filtering net (10) that covers light hole is wherein housed respectively on N-1 light hole, 2≤N≤20, each order number that filters net is 10 order～400 orders, and unequal mutually; Described photoelectric detective circuit (12) is positioned at the rear of rotating disk (9), by photodiode, biasing circuit and the first analog to digital conversion circuit, formed, wherein photodiode is in described rotating disk circumference light hole position, and the first analog to digital conversion circuit is communicated by letter with computer (8) by serial line interface;
Described irradiance determinator (6) comprises motorized precision translation stage (16), motorized precision translation stage drive circuit (14) and signal acquisition circuit (15), the table top of described motorized precision translation stage (16) is vertical with irradiance choice device (4) output light path direction, on the table top of motorized precision translation stage (16), be placed with reference cell (18), motorized precision translation stage drive circuit (14) is controlled the motion of motorized precision translation stage (16) along continuous straight runs, and motorized precision translation stage drive circuit (14) is powered by direct voltage source (5); Described signal acquisition circuit (15) is composed in parallel by test resistance and the second analog to digital conversion circuit, and wherein test resistance is connected with reference cell (18), and the second analog to digital conversion circuit is communicated by letter with computer (8) by serial line interface;
During test, mesuring battary is placed on motorized precision translation stage (16) table top, and battery tester (7) and mesuring battary (17) are composed in series test circuit, and battery tester (7) connects computer (8) by general-purpose interface bus;
Described computer (8) carries out following operation:
A. by inputting interface input test parameter: the test irradiance value P of mesuring battary is, start bias value and the end bias value of the area S of mesuring battary and battery tester (7) test mesuring battary;
B. receive the magnitude of voltage V of the first analog to digital conversion circuit
1, using it as corresponding irradiance value P
1:
P
1=K
1* V
1+ b
1, wherein, K
1, b
1be constant, by concrete photodiode model, determined;
C. judge whether ︱ (P
1-P)/P ︱≤10%, is to go to step D, otherwise controls direct current motor drive circuit (11) in irradiance choice device (4), drives direct current machine (13) to drive rotating disk (9) to rotate, and carries out step C;
D. control direct current motor drive circuit (11) in irradiance choice device (4), stopping direct current machine (13) and rotating disk (9) rotates, after rotating disk (9) stops operating, the motorized precision translation stage drive circuit (14) of controlling in irradiance determinator (6) drives stroke of motorized precision translation stage (16) translation, receive a series of reference cells (18) value of electrical signals that the second analog to digital conversion circuit transmits simultaneously, and record motorized precision translation stage corresponding to each value of electrical signals (16) translation position, from each value of electrical signals, obtain maximum value of electrical signals and corresponding translation position, and by maximum value of electrical signals I
inactual irradiance value P as correspondence
in; P
in=K
2* I
in+ b
2, K
2, b
2be constant, by concrete reference cell model, determined;
E. the motorized precision translation stage drive circuit (14) of controlling in irradiance determinator (6) drives motorized precision translation stage (16) to continue translation, makes mesuring battary move to translation position corresponding to maximum value of electrical signals; Mesuring battary arrives behind this position, control the voltage-current characteristic that battery tester (7) starts to test mesuring battary, receive and preserve the mesuring battary voltage-current characteristic test data of battery tester (7) transmission, process rear output volt-ampere characteristic and following characterization parameter: open circuit voltage Voc, short circuit current Isc, peak power output Pmax, fill factor, curve factor FF, efficiency eta.
2. solar cell photovoltaic device voltage-current characteristic test macro as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
By concrete photodiode model, determine constant K
1, b
1process be, under a series of different irradiance conditions, measure the photovoltage that photodiode is corresponding, obtain irradiance-photovoltage curve, this curve is carried out to linear fit, obtain K
1, b
1;
By concrete reference cell model, determine constant K
2, b
2process be: under a series of different irradiance conditions, measure the signal of telecommunication that reference cell is corresponding, obtain irradiance-signal of telecommunication curve, this curve is carried out to linear fit, obtain K
2, b
2; The described signal of telecommunication is current value, magnitude of voltage or performance number;
Described a series of different irradiance conditions are demarcated by standard solar cell.
3. solar cell photovoltaic device voltage-current characteristic test macro as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described optical filtering net is wire netting.
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