CN102520330A - Volt-ampere characteristic testing system of solar cell photovoltaic device - Google Patents
Volt-ampere characteristic testing system of solar cell photovoltaic device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A volt-ampere characteristic testing system of a solar cell photovoltaic device belongs to a photoelectric testing device and solves problems that an existing testing system needs to set irradiance through manual operation, and irradiance determining and sample battery testing cannot be carried out simultaneously. The volt-ampere characteristic testing system comprises a sunlight simulator, an irradiance choosing device, an irradiance determining device, a battery testing device and a computer. The sunlight simulator is composed of a an xenon lamp on an optical path and filtering sheets with air quality of 1.5, and the irradiance choosing device and the irradiance determining device are sequentially arranged on an output optical path of the solar simulator. A direct current voltage source supplies power to the irradiance choosing device and irradiance determining device. The battery testing device is connected with the computer through a general purpose interface bus. The volt-ampere characteristic testing system is simple in assembly, fast and easy to operate, all required devices and components can be bought at the market, elements can be acquired easily, and the volt-ampere characteristic testing system can accurately and automatically give out a characteristic curve in real time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to opto-electronic testing apparatus, relate in particular to a kind of solar cell photovoltaic device volt-ampere characteristic test macro.
Background technology
Estimate the year two thousand fifty, earth population will reach 12,000,000,000, follow economic growth, and the global energy consumption total amount will be 28TW.The about 14TW of present global consumption, energy breach is 14TW.Therefore, urgent need low cost, high efficiency photovoltaic cell satisfy following to demands for energy.
DSSC is an imitation green plants photosynthesis principle, a kind of novel solar battery of developing, and used material price is cheap; Manufacture craft is simple relatively; Preparation cost is low, and equipment investment is few, and long service life; Stable performance is not polluted and toxic action in production, making and use.The distinguishing feature of this battery is will be converted into electric energy through the visible light of face glass from all angles, as is used for drive fan.Different with the principle of work of conventional silica-based solar cell; Light absorption and charge carrier transport are carried out in different materials respectively in the DSSC; Can under low light condition, carry out opto-electronic conversion work; Be uniquely in the present area of solar cell can accomplish transparent device, this is the significant advantage of the type battery as the new forms of energy application facet.From 1991 Switzerland M.
professor and the co-worker at " nature " periodical (Nature; 1991; 353; 737) reported after such high-level efficiency battery, received people's extensive concern, become one of the most active field, forward position of solar cell of new generation.At present, the photoelectric transformation efficiency of this battery under air quality 1.5 (Air Mass 1.5 is called for short AM 1.5) condition reaches 12.3%.
In research process to photovoltaic devices such as DSSCs; The volt-ampere characteristic of accurate test solar cell; Can obtain some important parameters; As: open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), fill factor, curve factor (FF), peak power output (Pmax), conversion efficiency (η) etc., particularly measure the device volt-ampere characteristic under the different irradiance conditions, intuitively the performance of characterizing battery device.Therefore the improvement of method of testing and test macro has great practical significance to research, raising solar battery efficiency.
The OrielI-V characteristic test system of U.S. Newport company exploitation; Can test and calculate the volt-ampere characteristic and the device physics parameter of solar cell; Comprise open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), fill factor, curve factor (FF), peak power output (Pmax), conversion efficiency parameters such as (η), this system comprises solar simulator, digital source table, standard cell, battery bracket, probe assembly and software kit.Although this system data test accurately, set irradiance and must change the luminous intensity of solar simulator and need manually-operated, mensuration irradiance value and specimen battery device process not to carry out simultaneously.Because actual irradiance condition receives the influence of the luminous intensity of environment temperature, air humidity, solar simulator, inevitable irradiance value with setting has the error of certain limit.Improve in order to increase measuring accuracy, must in measuring samples battery device parameter, measure actual irradiance condition.Manually-operated mode is set the irradiance condition, can increase the complicacy of whole test, and actual irradiance condition that can not The real time measure sample battery device, can reduce the accuracy of test.Also there are an identical difficult problem in test macro or device that the present main supplier of domestic existing photovoltaic device test macro provides.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of solar cell photovoltaic device volt-ampere characteristic test macro, solves existing test macro and must adopt manually-operated mode to set the problem that irradiance value, mensuration irradiance value and specimen cell process can not be carried out simultaneously.
A kind of solar cell photovoltaic device volt-ampere characteristic test macro of the present invention comprises solar simulator, battery tester and computing machine, it is characterized in that:
Be disposed with irradiance selecting arrangement and irradiance determinator on the said solar simulator output light path;
Said solar simulator is made up of xenon lamp on the light path and air quality 1.5 filter plates, produces simulated solar irradiation, and its spectral irradiance is near the standard solar spectrum irradiancy of air quality 1.5;
Said irradiance selecting arrangement comprises rotating disk, direct current generator, direct current motor drive circuit and photoelectric detective circuit, and said center of turntable is fixed in dc motor shaft, and direct current generator is by the direct current motor drive circuit controlling and driving; Direct current generator and direct current motor drive circuit are supplied power by direct voltage source; Have N the light hole evenly distributed along circumference, that the aperture is consistent on the said rotating disk, wherein on N-1 light hole the optical filtering net that covers light hole is housed respectively, 2≤N≤20, the order number of each net that filters is 10 orders～400 orders, and unequal mutually; Said photoelectric detective circuit is positioned at the rear of rotating disk, is made up of photodiode, biasing circuit and first analog to digital conversion circuit, and wherein photodiode is in said rotating disk circumference light hole position, and first analog to digital conversion circuit is through serial line interface and compunication;
Said irradiance determinator comprises motorized precision translation stage, motorized precision translation stage driving circuit and signal acquisition circuit; The table top of said motorized precision translation stage is vertical with irradiance selecting arrangement output light path direction; Be placed with reference cell on the table top of motorized precision translation stage; The motion of motorized precision translation stage driving circuit control motorized precision translation stage along continuous straight runs, the motorized precision translation stage driving circuit is supplied power by direct voltage source; Described signal acquisition circuit is composed in parallel by the test resistance and second analog to digital conversion circuit, and wherein test resistance is connected with reference cell, and second analog to digital conversion circuit is through serial line interface and compunication;
During test, mesuring battary places on the motorized precision translation stage table top, and battery tester and mesuring battary are composed in series test circuit, and battery tester connects computing machine through general purpose interface bus;
Said computing machine carries out following operation:
A. through the inputting interface input test parameter: the start bias value and the end bias value of the irradiance value P of test mesuring battary, the area S of mesuring battary and battery tester test mesuring battary;
B. receive the magnitude of voltage V of first analog to digital conversion circuit
1, with its irradiance value P as correspondence
1: P
1=K
1* V
1+ b
1, wherein, K
1, b
1Be constant, confirm by concrete photodiode model;
C. judge whether | (P
1-P)/and P|≤10%, be then to change step D, otherwise direct current motor drive circuit in the control irradiance selecting arrangement drive direct current generator and drive dial rotation, and carry out step C;
D. control direct current motor drive circuit in the irradiance selecting arrangement; Stop direct current generator and dial rotation; After rotating disk stops operating; Stroke of motorized precision translation stage driving circuit drives electric translation stage translation in the control irradiance determinator receives a series of reference cell value of electrical signals that second analog to digital conversion circuit transmits simultaneously, and writes down the corresponding motorized precision translation stage translation location of each value of electrical signals; From each value of electrical signals, obtain maximum electrical signal value and corresponding translation location, and with maximum electrical signal value I
InActual irradiance value P as correspondence
InP
In=K
2* I
In+ b
2, K
2, b
2Be constant, confirm by concrete reference cell model;
E. the motorized precision translation stage driving circuit drives motorized precision translation stage of controlling in the irradiance determinator continues translation, makes the sample cell translation to the corresponding translation location place of maximum electrical signal value; After the sample battery arrives this position; The volt-ampere characteristic that the control battery tester begins to test mesuring battary; Receive and preserve the mesuring battary volt-ampere characteristic test data of battery tester transmission, handle back output VA characteristic curve and following characterization parameter: open-circuit voltage Voc, open-circuit voltage Voc, peak power output Pmax, fill factor, curve factor FF, efficiency eta.
The standard solar spectrum irradiancy of said air quality 1.5 is stipulated in GB GB/T17683.1-1999;
Said open-circuit voltage Voc, open-circuit voltage Voc, peak power output Pmax, fill factor, curve factor FF, efficiency eta are stipulated in GB GB/T6495.3-1996.
Described solar cell photovoltaic device volt-ampere characteristic test macro is characterized in that:
Photodiode model by concrete is confirmed constant K
1, b
1Process do, under a series of different irradiance conditions, measure the corresponding photovoltage of photodiode, obtain irradiance-photovoltage curve, this curve is carried out linear fit, obtain K
1, b
1
Confirm constant K by concrete reference cell model
2, b
2Process be: under a series of different irradiance conditions, measure the corresponding electric signal of reference cell, obtain irradiance-electric signal curve, this curve is carried out linear fit, obtain K
2, b
2Said electric signal is current value, magnitude of voltage or performance number;
Said a series of different irradiance conditions are demarcated by standard solar cell.
Described solar cell photovoltaic device volt-ampere characteristic test macro is characterized in that: said optical filtering net is a wire netting.
Among the present invention; Computing machine is controlled irradiance selecting arrangement, irradiance determinator on the one hand; Make irradiance selection course and irradiance pH-value determination pH process need not manually-operated; Thereby can reduce because the measuring error that the artificial origin causes improves the systematic survey accuracy and reliability, the data of analyzing and processing acquisition are oversimplified battery testing process and data processing on the other hand; The present invention can be under different irradiance conditions is that the photovoltaic device of representative is tested to DSSC, simultaneously, the irradiance value of reality is demarcated accurately, make test result true with accurately.
System assembles of the present invention is simple, quick, easy to operate, and required each device and assembly all have commercially available, and element is easy to get, can be real-time, and precisely, robotization provides family curve.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1, synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2, irradiance selecting arrangement synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3, irradiance determinator synoptic diagram;
The optical filtering net transmissivity synoptic diagram of Fig. 4, irradiance selecting arrangement;
Fig. 5, computer control schematic flow sheet;
Fig. 6, the sample battery device VA characteristic curve figure under standard test condition;
Fig. 7, the VA characteristic curve figure of sample battery device under different irradiance conditions.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further specified.
As shown in Figure 1; The present invention includes solar simulator 3, battery tester 7 and computing machine 8, said solar simulator 3 is made up of xenon lamp on the light path 1 and air quality 1.5 filter plates 2; Xenon lamp 1 sends light beam; 2 pairs of these light beam wave spectrums of air quality 1.5 filter plates are revised, and obtain simulated solar irradiation, and its spectral irradiance is near the standard solar spectrum irradiancy of air quality 1.5; Be disposed with irradiance selecting arrangement 4 and irradiance determinator 6 on solar simulator 3 output light paths; 5 pairs of irradiance selecting arrangements of direct voltage source 4 and 6 power supplies of irradiance determinator; Battery tester 7 connects computing machine 8 through general purpose interface bus.
As shown in Figure 2, irradiance selecting arrangement 4 comprises rotating disk 9, direct current generator 13, direct current motor drive circuit 11 and photoelectric detective circuit 12, and said rotating disk 9 center fixation are in dc motor shaft, and direct current generator is by direct current motor drive circuit 11 controlling and driving; Direct current generator 13 is supplied power by direct voltage source 5 with direct current motor drive circuit 11; Have N the light hole evenly distributed along circumference, that the aperture is consistent on the said rotating disk 9, wherein on N-1 light hole optical filtering net 10,2≤N≤20 that cover light hole are housed respectively, the order number of each net that filters is 10 orders～400 orders, and unequal mutually; Said photoelectric detective circuit 12 is positioned at the rear of rotating disk 9; Form by photodiode, biasing circuit and first analog to digital conversion circuit; Wherein photodiode is in said rotating disk circumference light hole position, and first analog to digital conversion circuit is communicated by letter with computing machine 8 through serial line interface;
As shown in Figure 3; Irradiance determinator 6 comprises motorized precision translation stage 16, motorized precision translation stage driving circuit 14 and signal acquisition circuit 15; The table top of said motorized precision translation stage 16 is vertical with irradiance selecting arrangement 4 output light path directions; Be placed with reference cell 18 on the table top of motorized precision translation stage 16, the motion of motorized precision translation stage driving circuit 14 control motorized precision translation stages 16 along continuous straight runs, motorized precision translation stage driving circuit 14 is by direct voltage source 5 power supplies; Described signal acquisition circuit 15 is composed in parallel by the test resistance and second analog to digital conversion circuit, and wherein test resistance is connected with reference cell 18, and second analog to digital conversion circuit is communicated by letter with computing machine 8 through serial line interface;
During test, mesuring battary places on motorized precision translation stage 16 table tops, and battery tester 7 is composed in series test circuit with mesuring battary 17, and battery tester 7 connects computing machine 8 through general purpose interface bus;
In the embodiments of the invention, the 6258 type xenon lamps that xenon lamp 1 adopts Newport company to produce, spot size is 50.8mm, air quality 1.5 filter plates 2 are the production AM1.5G filter plate of Newport company; Have 4 flexible unthreaded holes evenly distributed along circumference, that the aperture is 70mm on the rotating disk 9, disk diameter is 400mm, and flexible unthreaded hole and center of turntable distance are 100mm; The net 10 that filters adopts 20 order steel meshes, 100 order steel meshes, 400 order steel meshes; Cover respectively on 3 flexible unthreaded holes; Surplus next flexible unthreaded hole does not cover any steel mesh, thereby 4 flexible unthreaded hole irradiance transmitances are 100%, 74%, 50%, 24%, and other position transmitances of rotating disk are 0; Utilize UV, visible light near infrared spectrometer analysis optical filtering net 10 as shown in Figure 4; 74%, 50%, 24% 3 kind of steel mesh transmissivity on 200nm to 1200nm scope can think straight line, promptly do not cover steel mesh and compares with 100%, transmitance has descended and the distribution of spectrum does not change; Be that incident light compares with transmitted light that irradiance descends and spectrum does not change, thereby the function that reaches existing selection irradiance can not make the purpose of light beam spectrum change again; The BPW21 type photodiode that the photodiode of photoelectric detective circuit 12 adopts U.S. VishaySiliconix company to produce, corresponding K
1=0.25, b
1=-0.25;
The 91150V type standard solar cell that reference cell 18 adopts U.S. Newport company to produce, electric signal adopts performance number, corresponding constant K
2=1, b
2=0; Before each test, actual irradiance is demarcated; Signal acquisition circuit 15 adopts the UT71E multimeter of excellent sharp Deco skill company limited; Measure reference cell 18 current values; And utilize serial line interface that this current value is transferred to computing machine 8; Computing machine 8 converts this current value into the irradiance value, thereby obtains to be radiated at the actual irradiance value on the mesuring battary, motorized precision translation stage system that motorized precision translation stage 16 and motorized precision translation stage driving circuit 14 employing Wuhan Hua Tianke distance light electricity company limiteds provide and supporting motorized precision translation stage control and drive unit; The IPD-3303LU proframmable linear direct supply that direct voltage source 5 employing Chengdu Ying Te Roc Science and Technology Ltd.s provide; The keithley2400 type digital power ammeter that battery tester 7 adopts U.S. keithley company to produce, computing machine 8 adopt the Yang Tian of association series M6600N type computing machine.
Fig. 5 is the computer control schematic flow sheet, and present embodiment designs the program with system support under the Igor6.21 programmed environment that U.S. Wavematrix company provides.
When testing, the motorized precision translation stage table top is placed mesuring battary, and the line of centres of mesuring battary and reference cell and the direction of motion of motorized precision translation stage are parallel.Concrete testing procedure is following:
1. open computing machine, direct voltage source, xenon lamp power supply; Place mesuring battary to the tram, and fixing mesuring battary;
2. at the required test parameter of computing machine inputting interface input, comprise the irradiance value P of test battery, the area S of mesuring battary and the start bias value and the end bias value of test mesuring battary, begin test;
3. behind the computing machine output characterization parameter, the tester can change the irradiance value of setting, and repeating step 2 continues test, finishes this test up to the tester, changes battery and tests next time; The tester also can finish this test at once, changes battery and tests next time.
Test result such as Fig. 6, shown in Figure 7:
Wherein Fig. 6 is the test curve figure of sample battery device under standard test condition, and output parameter is: open-circuit voltage=0.81V, and short-circuit current=-16mA/em2, peak power output=-9mW, fill factor, curve factor=0.70, efficient=9.1%;
Fig. 7 is respectively test curve figure under 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% condition of irradiance under the standard test condition for the sample battery device at irradiance, output parameter is followed successively by:
Open-circuit voltage=0.81V, short-circuit current=-16mA/cm
2, peak power output=-9mW, fill factor, curve factor=0.70, efficient=9.1%;
Open-circuit voltage=0.80V, short-circuit current=-12mA/cm
2, peak power output=-7mW, fill factor, curve factor=0.72, efficient=9.2%;
Open-circuit voltage=0.78V, short-circuit current=-8mA/cm
2, peak power output=-4.6mW, fill factor, curve factor=0.73, efficient=9.2%;
Open-circuit voltage=0.75V, short-circuit current=-4mA/cm
2, peak power output=-2.2mW, fill factor, curve factor=0.75, efficient=9.1%.
Standard solar cell and standard test condition have relevant regulations in GB 6495.3-1996.
Claims (3)
1. a solar cell photovoltaic device volt-ampere characteristic test macro comprises solar simulator (3), battery tester (7) and computing machine (8), it is characterized in that:
Be disposed with irradiance selecting arrangement (4) and irradiance determinator (6) on said solar simulator (3) output light path;
Said solar simulator (3) is made up of xenon lamp on the light path (1) and air quality 1.5 filter plates (2), produces simulated solar irradiation, and its spectral irradiance is near the standard solar spectrum irradiancy of air quality 1.5;
Said irradiance selecting arrangement (4) comprises rotating disk (9), direct current generator (13), direct current motor drive circuit (11) and photoelectric detective circuit (12); Said rotating disk (9) center fixation is in dc motor shaft, and direct current generator is driven by direct current motor drive circuit control (11); Direct current generator (13) and direct current motor drive circuit (11) are supplied power by direct voltage source (5); Have N the light hole evenly distributed along circumference, that the aperture is consistent on the said rotating disk (9), wherein on N-1 light hole the optical filtering net (10) that covers light hole is housed respectively, 2≤N≤20, the order number of each net that filters is 10 orders～400 orders, and unequal mutually; Said photoelectric detective circuit (12) is positioned at the rear of rotating disk (9); Form by photodiode, biasing circuit and first analog to digital conversion circuit; Wherein photodiode is in said rotating disk circumference light hole position, and first analog to digital conversion circuit is communicated by letter with computing machine (8) through serial line interface;
Said irradiance determinator (6) comprises motorized precision translation stage (16), motorized precision translation stage driving circuit (14) and signal acquisition circuit (15); The table top of said motorized precision translation stage (16) is vertical with irradiance selecting arrangement (4) output light path direction; Be placed with reference cell (18) on the table top of motorized precision translation stage (16); The motion of motorized precision translation stage driving circuit (14) control motorized precision translation stage (16) along continuous straight runs, motorized precision translation stage driving circuit (14) is supplied power by direct voltage source (5); Described signal acquisition circuit (15) is composed in parallel by the test resistance and second analog to digital conversion circuit, and wherein test resistance is connected with reference cell (18), and second analog to digital conversion circuit is communicated by letter with computing machine (8) through serial line interface;
During test, mesuring battary places on motorized precision translation stage (16) table top, and battery tester (7) and mesuring battary (17) are composed in series test circuit, and battery tester (7) connects computing machine (8) through general purpose interface bus;
Said computing machine (8) carries out following operation:
A. through the inputting interface input test parameter: the start bias value and end bias value of the irradiance value P of test battery, the area S of mesuring battary and battery tester (7) test mesuring battary;
B. receive the magnitude of voltage V of first analog to digital conversion circuit
1, with its irradiance value P as correspondence
1: P
1=K
1* V
1+ b
1, wherein, K
1, b
1Be constant, confirm by concrete photodiode model;
C. judge whether | (P
1-P)/and P|≤10%, be then to change step D, otherwise direct current motor drive circuit (11) in the control irradiance selecting arrangement (4) drive direct current generator (13) and drive rotating disk (9) rotation, and carry out step C;
D. control direct current motor drive circuit (11) in the irradiance selecting arrangement (4); Stopping direct current generator (13) and rotating disk (9) rotates; After rotating disk (9) stops operating; Motorized precision translation stage driving circuit (14) in the control irradiance determinator (6) drives stroke of motorized precision translation stage (16) translation, receives a series of reference cells (18) value of electrical signals that second analog to digital conversion circuit transmits simultaneously, and writes down corresponding motorized precision translation stage (16) translation location of each value of electrical signals; From each value of electrical signals, obtain maximum electrical signal value and corresponding translation location, and with maximum electrical signal value I
InActual irradiance value P as correspondence
InP
In=K
2* I
In+ b
2, K
2, b
2Be constant, confirm by concrete reference cell model;
E. the motorized precision translation stage driving circuit of controlling in the irradiance determinator (6) (14) drives motorized precision translation stage (16) continuation translation, makes the sample cell translation to the corresponding translation location place of maximum electrical signal value; After the sample battery arrives this position; The volt-ampere characteristic that control battery tester (7) begins to test mesuring battary; Receive and preserve the mesuring battary volt-ampere characteristic test data of battery tester (7) transmission, handle back output VA characteristic curve and following characterization parameter: open-circuit voltage Voc, open-circuit voltage Voc, peak power output Pmax, fill factor, curve factor FF, efficiency eta.
2. solar cell photovoltaic device volt-ampere characteristic test macro as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Photodiode model by concrete is confirmed constant K
1, b
1Process do, under a series of different irradiance conditions, measure the corresponding photovoltage of photodiode, obtain irradiance-photovoltage curve, this curve is carried out linear fit, obtain K
1, b
1
Confirm constant K by concrete reference cell model
2, b
2Process be: under a series of different irradiance conditions, measure the corresponding electric signal of reference cell, obtain irradiance-electric signal curve, this curve is carried out linear fit, obtain K
2, b
2Said electric signal is current value, magnitude of voltage or performance number;
Said a series of different irradiance conditions are demarcated by standard solar cell.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 solar cell photovoltaic device volt-ampere characteristic test macro, it is characterized in that: said optical filtering net is a wire netting.
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