CN102507595B - Pipeline detection method and device through exciting axial guided waves by utilizing annular laser - Google Patents
Pipeline detection method and device through exciting axial guided waves by utilizing annular laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN102507595B CN102507595B CN201110364358.9A CN201110364358A CN102507595B CN 102507595 B CN102507595 B CN 102507595B CN 201110364358 A CN201110364358 A CN 201110364358A CN 102507595 B CN102507595 B CN 102507595B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pipeline detection method and device through exciting axial guided waves by utilizing annular laser. The pipeline detection method comprises the steps of: converting a round laser beam into an annular laser beam; adjusting the size of the radius of the annular laser beam to enable the radius to be in consistence with the radius of the annular end face of a pipeline; when the annular laser is projected on the annular end face of the pipeline, exciting guided waves in an axial symmetrical mode by generated impact load; and receiving echo signals which are generated when the guided waves meet with a defect by a signal reception device so that detection for a pipeline defect is realized. The pipeline detection method and device through exciting axial guided waves by utilizing the annular laser is good for exciting guided waves in the axial symmetrical mode of the pipeline; as a conical lens group is utilized to collect round flare energy on the annular end face of the pipeline, the effect of the applied impact load is enhanced and SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) is increased; and as the size of the radius of the annular laser beam is controlled through adjustment of a relative position between the lens group and the end face of the pipeline to adapt to the detection of pipelines with different radiuses, the pipeline detection method and device through exciting axial guided waves by utilizing the annular laser, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages of high efficiency, wide range, relatively low cost and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of guided wave that utilizes and detect pipeline method and device, a kind of method for detecting pipeline and device that utilizes loop laser exciting axial guided specifically, for the Non-Destructive Testing of pipeline.
Technical background
In road pipeline guided wave detects, sensor is the important component part in detection system, excitation and reception guided wave in testing process.And can in answer, effectively encourage and receive supersonic guide-wave, not only with the characteristic of guided wave, the size of pipeline and lower condition are inseparable.And relevant with selection and the performance of ultrasonic probe, utilize the guided wave of one or more different modalities that different sensors can encourage to detect pipeline.At present main for encouraging the sensor of pipeline guided wave to have piezoelectric transducer, magneto strictive sensor, sound Magnetic Sensor, pulse laser formula sensor.
In pipe detection process, utilize pulse laser to produce burst pulse ultrasonic signal, realizing noncontact survey record or remote measurement, hot conditions and corrosivity has by force the mal-conditions such as radiation to detect.Due to this this feature, laser has also obtained certain application in pipeline guided wave detects.In order to improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), conventionally utilize array stimulating technology to improve the energy of laser pumping, the people such as American scholar Rose have adopted the parabola shaped copper catoptron of interpolation type ring-type, and the energy of pulse laser is along the circumferential direction uniformly distributed after reflection, encourage axial mode guided wave to realize pipe detection.It is a kind of by encourage the method for guided wave on inner-walls of duct at built in pipeline catoptron that Korea S's Han Yang University provides, received axial L (0,1) guided wave signals of mode detects to realize, but axial L (0,1) attenuation coefficient of the guided wave of mode is larger, and the present invention encourages L(0, the 2) guided wave of mode, the guided wave of this mode has the advantages that frequency dispersion is little, speed is fast, attenuation coefficient is little, and test model encloses more greatly.
Laser-ultrasound detection system is huge, expensive, technical sophistication, and testing environment has relatively high expectations, and has restricted its application and development detecting at pipeline guided wave.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to be conducive to encourage the symmetrical mode guided wave of pipeline axial to carry out pipe detection, can improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), by adjusting the size of the distance control annular radius between lens combination and pipeline end face, adapt to lossless detection method and the equipment of different tube diameters pipeline.
To achieve the above object, the method of loop laser that the present invention realizes excitation pipeline axial mode state guided wave, to adopt pulse type laser transmitter, the light path system that round laser beam scioptics that laser instrument launches are formed, comprise focusing on and subtract beam optical path system and ring light light path system, be converted to the laser beam of annular, according to the size of pipeline radius, adjust the diameter of ring-shaped light spot simultaneously, allow this loop laser radiation in being arranged on the collar of pipeline one end, the impulsive force load that the collar produces annular laser beams is delivered on the ring section of pipeline, simultaneously because clamp device is to having produced the long axial symmetrical mode guided wave of standing wave in the effect of contraction tube wall of duct wall, the echoed signal that this guided wave runs into defect of pipeline generation is disposed in the signal receiving device reception on pipeline outer wall, receiving trap inputs to the signal receiving in digital oscilloscope, by echo crest with the distance of pumping signal crest with determine corresponding frequency and group velocity by dispersion curve, calculate according to the following formula the axial location x of defect of pipeline range sensor, thereby realize pipe detection.
Wherein,
.
In above-mentioned method, after generating laser is subtracted the rounded laser beam of said xsect beam optical path system and is focused on by the focusing being comprised of a pair of concavees lens and convex lens or two convex lens, by ring light light path system, convert thereof into the laser beam that said xsect is annular again, said ring light light path system is by bearing axle pyramid lens, positive axis pyramid lens and convex lens combine, these negative cone lens, normal cone body lens and convex lens are symmetrical successively centered by the direction of propagation of laser beam to be arranged according to certain distance, the first irradiation of the loop laser that generated is afterwards on the bigger collar being comprised of hard low resistance consumption rubber ring and anti-reflection film of radius ratio caliber, the impulsive force load by the collar, annular laser beams being produced is again delivered on the ring section of pipeline to motivate the guided wave of longitudinal axisymmetry mode.
The collar by for hard low resistance consumption rubber ring and anti-reflection film form, wherein anti-reflection film is attached to rubber ring towards one end of annular beam, rubber ring the other end be arranged on the annular end face of pipeline.Clamp device is for limiting its degree of freedom piping clip by clamping pipe, and the distance of the distance pipeline of this piping clip is 1 ~ 10cm.
Receiving trap is the array piezoelectric sensor group of arranging or is PVDF sensor, piezoelectric sensor quantity be 3 to 10 round even tube wall array arrangement.
Utilize the device of the pipe detection of loop laser exciting axial guided, mainly by generating laser, focus on and to subtract beam optical path system, ring light light path system, the collar, clamp device, signal receiving device, digital oscilloscope and form.Generating laser, focusing subtracts beam optical path system, ring light light path system is arranged on optical bench, arranges and make the lens combination center superposition in light beam and light path system so that the direction of propagation of laser beam is symmetrical successively according to certain distance simultaneously.The collar is arranged on pipeline end face.Clamp device is clamped on the outer wall of pipeline, and its bottom is connected on optical bench.Signal receiving device is arranged on pipeline outer wall face and the excitation end of close pipeline.
Advantage of the present invention exists:
(1) be conducive to encourage the longitudinal L(0 of pipeline, 2) symmetrical mode guided wave, this mode guided wave has the advantages that frequency dispersion is little, speed is fast, attenuation coefficient is little, and detection signal is easily identified, and test specification is larger.
(2) simultaneously than other sensors, in laser pumping pipe, the method for guided wave can improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), makes signal more clear.
(3) utilize Conical Lenses group by circular light spot concentration of energy on conduit ring-shaped end face, strengthened the effect of the impulsive force load that applies, the precision improve detecting.
(4) size of controlling annular radius by the relative position of adjusting between lens combination and pipeline end face is to adapt to the detection of different radii pipeline, and detection efficiency is high, and cost is lower.
(5) only with a pulse laser transmitter, can replace a plurality of generating lasers of arranged in arrays to realize excitation rotational symmetry claims longitudinal mode guided wave, has greatly reduced the cost of laser equipment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 utilizes the structural drawing of the pipe detection device of loop laser exciting axial guided.
Fig. 2 utilizes the pipe detection device light path system schematic diagram of loop laser exciting axial guided.
Fig. 3 utilizes the structure of the collar in the pipe detection device of loop laser exciting axial guided.
Fig. 4 utilizes signal receiving device in the pipe detection device of loop laser exciting axial guided to receive to obtain echoed signal.
In figure, 1. generating laser; 2. focus on and subtract beam optical path system; 3. ring light light path system; 4. the collar; 5. clamp device; 6. signal receiving device; 7. digital oscilloscope; 2a. concavees lens; 2b. convex lens; 3a. bears axle pyramid lens; 3b. positive axis pyramid lens; 3c. convex lens; 4a. low resistance consumption rubber ring; 4b. anti-reflection film.
Specific embodiments
As shown in Figure 1, the device of shown loop laser excitation pipeline axial mode state guided wave, the optical bench 10 with the fixing various parts of an installation, on the level table of this optical bench 10, be furnished with successively from left to right laser generator 1, focus on and to subtract beam optical path system 2, ring light light path system 3 and the various parts of clamp device 5 and all can adjust position fixing by mounting bracket 11, to be wherein arranged on the distance apart from pipeline end face be on 1 ~ 10cm position to clamp device.Detected pipeline 13 is placed near the also center-aligned of right-hand focus point of the device of ring light light path system 3, and the radius of the pipeline that can need to detect according to need carries out position adjustment.Focusing subtracts beam optical path system 2 and ring light light path system 3 is fixed on respectively in two different sleeves 12, and make its compact conformation.The collar 4 by for hard low resistance consumption rubber ring and anti-reflection film form, wherein anti-reflection film is attached to rubber ring towards one end of annular beam, rubber ring the other end be arranged on the annular end face of pipeline (as shown in Figure 3).Signal receiving device 5 is arranged on pipeline outer wall face and the excitation end of close pipeline.
Light path system as shown in Fig. 2, generating laser 1 is launched focusing that the rounded laser beam of xsect 8 consists of a concavees lens 2a by a pair of center superposition and convex lens 2b or two convex lens and is subtracted beam optical path system 2 and can make the radius of laser beam spot diminish, but do not change direction and the energy distribution of laser beam, the light beam of this focusing incides ring light light path system 3, ring light light path system 3 is by negative axle pyramid lens 3a, positive axis pyramid lens 3b and convex lens 6c combine, this negative cone lens 6a, normal cone body lens 3b and convex lens 3c arrange and make light beam and lens combination center superposition so that the direction of propagation of laser beam is symmetrical successively according to certain distance.Circular laser beam after focusing is dispersed, through positive axis pyramid cone lens 3b refraction, is converged in the negative axle pyramid cone lens 3a refraction of the interior warp of ring light light path system 3, the laser beam that the xsect that now output collimates is annular is focused into thinner annular laser beam through another convex lens 3c again, by changing the distance of lenticular lenses in pipeline end face and ring light light path system 3, make ring-shaped light spot radius consistent with conduit ring-shaped end face radius simultaneously.
In the time of need to detecting pipeline, adjust clamp device 5 from the distance of pipeline excitation end face and clamp, set applicable laser energy size, make laser generator 1 launch pulsed laser beam, this circle light beam is converted to annular laser beam by light path system, annular laser beams 9 radiation are in being arranged on the collar 4 of pipeline one end, the impulsive force load that the collar produces annular laser beams is delivered on the ring section of pipeline, in effect of contraction tube wall due to 5 pairs of duct walls of clamp device, produced the long axial symmetrical mode guided wave of standing wave simultaneously, the echoed signal that this guided wave runs into defect of pipeline generation is disposed in signal receiving device 5 receptions on pipeline 13 outer walls, receiving trap inputs to the signal receiving in digital oscilloscope 8, by echo crest with the distance of pumping signal crest with determine corresponding frequency and group velocity by dispersion curve, according to the following formula, calculate the axial location x of defect of pipeline range sensor, thereby realize pipe detection.
As shown in Figure 4, to an external diameter, be 76mm, thickness is that the carbon steel piping of 5mm as above detects, and received fault location echoed signal, by determining the centre frequency group velocity corresponding with it of echoed signal, obtaining distance signal receiving trap 500mm place on pipeline axial has a defect.
During concrete enforcement, focusing subtracts beam optical path system 2 and ring light light path system 3 can be fixed in identical sleeve.
Claims (5)
1. a method for detecting pipeline that utilizes loop laser exciting axial guided, adopt pulse type laser transmitter (1), make light path system that round laser beam scioptics that laser instrument launches form be converted to the laser beam (8) of annular, it is characterized in that, according to the size of pipeline radius, adjust the diameter of ring-shaped light spot simultaneously, allow loop laser radiation be arranged on the collar (4) of pipeline one end, the impulsive force load that the collar produces annular laser beams is delivered on the ring section of pipeline, simultaneously because clamp device (5) is to having produced the long axial symmetrical mode guided wave of standing wave in the effect of contraction tube wall of duct wall, the echoed signal that described axial symmetrical mode guided wave runs into defect of pipeline generation is disposed in signal receiving device (6) reception on pipeline outer wall, receiving trap inputs to the signal receiving in digital oscilloscope (7), the axial location of the Distance Judgment defect of pipeline by echo crest and pumping signal crest, realize pipe detection, the described axial location x that goes out defect of pipeline range sensor is:
。
2. implement the claims the device that utilizes the method for detecting pipeline of loop laser exciting axial guided described in 1, it is characterized in that, by generating laser (1), focusing, subtract beam optical path system (2), ring light light path system (3), the collar (4), clamp device (5), signal receiving device (6), digital oscilloscope (7) form; It is upper that described generating laser (1), focusing subtract beam optical path system (2), ring light light path system (3) is arranged on optical bench (10), with the direction of propagation of laser beam, arranges successively and make the lens combination center superposition in light beam and light path system; The described collar (4) is arranged on pipeline end face, the outer wall of described clamp device (5) clamping pipe, and it is upper that clamp device (5) bottom is connected to optical bench (10), and signal receiving device (6) is arranged on pipeline outer wall face and the excitation end of close pipeline; Described focusing subtracts beam optical path system (2) and is comprised of concavees lens (2a) and convex lens (2b), described ring light light path system combines by bearing axle pyramid lens (3a), positive axis pyramid lens (3b) and convex lens (3c), and negative cone lens (3a), normal cone body lens (3b) and convex lens (3c) are arranged successively centered by the direction of propagation of laser beam; The piezoelectric sensor group that described signal receiving device (6) is arranged for array or be PVDF sensor, piezoelectric sensor quantity be 4 to 10 round even tube wall array arrangement.
3. utilize according to claim 2 the pipe detection device of loop laser exciting axial guided, it is characterized in that, the described collar is comprised of hard low resistance consumption rubber ring (4a) and anti-reflection film (4b), described anti-reflection film (4b) sticks on rubber ring towards one end of annular beam, and the other end of rubber ring is arranged on the annular end face of pipeline.
4. according to the pipe detection device that utilizes loop laser exciting axial guided described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, described clamp device (5) is the piping clip of clamping pipe restriction conduit degree of freedom, and described clamp device (5) is 1 ~ 10cm apart from the distance of pipeline end face.
5. according to the pipe detection device that utilizes loop laser exciting axial guided described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, described focusing subtracts beam optical path system (2) and ring light light path system (3) is fixed in identical sleeve.
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| CN104614447A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-05-13 | 南京理工大学 | Method for exciting single vertical guided wave mode by utilizing laser and optical path system |
| CN104148802B (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2017-01-25 | 北京万恒镭特机电设备有限公司 | Beam forming device and method |
| CN204228121U (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-03-25 | 无锡中科光电技术有限公司 | A kind of ellipsoidal mirror surface shape detection apparatus |
| CN106885516B (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2018-05-08 | 中国石油大学(华东) | The device of measurement docking pipeline section relative position |
| CN111887888A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-11-06 | 聚融医疗科技(杭州)有限公司 | Method and system for evaluating impedance of ultrasonic probe matching layer based on lens echo |
| CN112856238B (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2022-01-25 | 西安交通大学 | Mechanically-driven continuous impact pressure wave generator and pipeline abnormal state detection device based on same |
| CN112964783B (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-06-28 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Axial excitation device and method for nondestructive testing of pipeline |
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