CN101701922A - Device for carrying out optical non-destructive testing on surface of annular inner wall - Google Patents
Device for carrying out optical non-destructive testing on surface of annular inner wall Download PDFInfo
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- CN101701922A CN101701922A CN200910219057A CN200910219057A CN101701922A CN 101701922 A CN101701922 A CN 101701922A CN 200910219057 A CN200910219057 A CN 200910219057A CN 200910219057 A CN200910219057 A CN 200910219057A CN 101701922 A CN101701922 A CN 101701922A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for carrying out optical non-destruction testing on the surface of an annular inner wall, which is characterized in that a fine glass rod, a beam expanding device, a shearing element, an imaging device, a linear array CCD and a rotary table are sequentially arranged on an axis line of the tested annular inner wall; the sharing element, the imaging device and the linear array CCD are fixed on the rotary table, and a primary optical axis of the linear array CCD is coincided with a rotation axis; the fine glass rod is arranged on the axis line of the annular inner wall with the distance of less than 200mm to the center of the annular inner wall and arranged in parallel with the axis line of the annular inner wall; an optical axis of a laser is placed by leading the angle between the optical axis and the central axis line of the glass rod to be 0.01 degree-20 degrees; and image signals collected by the linear array CCD are outputted to a computer, and a control signal of the computer is outputted to the rotary table for controlling the rotation of the rotary table. The linear array CCD is utilized for push-broom, a mobile track of a micro-displacement platform is designed according to the surface of a tested sample, and a speckle pattern obtained by push-broom along the mobile track can eliminate the defocus phenomenon of a speckle image and improve the sensitivity of defect detection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device of carrying out optical non-destructive testing on surface of annular inner wall, belong to the optics technical field of nondestructive testing.
Background technology
Numeral speckle-shearing interferometry technology is a kind of whole audience based on laser, the measuring technique of noncontact surface deformation (displacement or strain).Shear mirror with small angle of wedge is placed the front of imaging len, what make body surface a bit produces a pair of two pictures with very little dislocation on image planes, because body surface is by laser lighting, make because two width of cloth clip images of dislocation generation are interfered mutually and formed one and comprise the cutting speckle field of interference pattern at random.Dislocation picture interferes with each other on as the plane, forms the speckle interference image and is collected in the computing machine through image card by CCD, two width of cloth speckle images before and after the distortion is done subtracted each other or related operation promptly can show the speckle striped of deformation of body information on computers in real time.
Numeral speckle-shearing interferometry technology has in real time, the whole audience, noncontact, harmless, mechanism simply, need not advantage such as vibration abatement.Because testing result is not influenced by the testing sample rigid motion, detector need not vibration abatement, provides technical foundation for being applied to the production testing line.Simultaneously, Computer Image Processing and analytic system can be monitored and measure the defective in the sample in real time, and be efficient and convenient.Require to become the basis that digital speckle-shearing interferometry technology maturation is applied to tire, compound substance and metal field to the high precision of measuring samples and to hanging down of measurement environment, it can detect typical defects such as inside tires micro-bubble and carcass separation, and can determine the cross section place of defective.
At present, the image collecting device that lossless detection method and device adopted based on digital cutting speckle principle is area array CCD or face battle array CMOS, for example, Guangzhou SCUT Bestry Auto Co., Ltd's publication number is the patent of invention of CN1632543A, Korea Tyre Co., Ltd's publication number is the patent of invention of CN1916563A, and people such as Y.Y.Hung utilize distortion of speckle interference art Measuring Object and acoplanarity displacement in " the Shearography:An opticalmeasurement technique and applications " that delivered in 2005 on Materials Science and Engineering.In addition, the laser digital cutting speckle tire nondestructive testing instrument that German Steinbichler company produces can detect the whole piece tire, a scan period can finish in 2min, defect resolution is 1mm, and detecting the tire largest outer diameter is 1600mm, and maximum section width is 600mm.But the sensor devices of this detector detection system also is made up of several area array CCDs.
Area array CCD or CMOS area as the speckle pattern recording medium are generally less, and its sum of all pixels is limited.If utilize image device to big view field imaging, the resolution of the cutting speckle picture that area array CCD is gathered can reduce, and then has reduced the detection sensitivity of fault in material.Therefore based on the Non-Destructive Testing of area array CCD, can't reach big visual field area and highly sensitive requirement simultaneously.In addition,, surpass the depth of field restriction of imaging system, and area array CCD is a directrix plane if the detected materials surface undulation is bigger, be imaged on the area array CCD surface picture some can produce the out of focus phenomenon.Because be subjected to the influence of image recording media, the sensitivity of digital speckle-shearing interferometry technology and resolution can not further improve.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that solves
For fear of the deficiencies in the prior art part, the present invention proposes a kind of device of carrying out optical non-destructive testing on surface of annular inner wall, can design corresponding pushing away according to the testing sample surface topography and sweep track, so that it is clear Jiao to push away the picture of sweeping the testing sample that obtains; Simultaneously, line array CCD is with respect to the area array CCD low price of equal resolution, and the light-sensitive surface size is big, can reduce the detection cost significantly.
Technical scheme
A kind of device of carrying out optical non-destructive testing on surface of annular inner wall is characterized in that comprising laser instrument 1, parallel beam expand device 2, shearing elements 4, imaging device 5, line array CCD 6, universal stage 7, computing machine 8 and thin glass bar 9; On the axis of tested annular inner wall, comply with thin glass bar 9, parallel beam expand device 2, shearing elements 4, imaging device 5, line array CCD 6 and universal stage 7 are set; Shearing elements 4 imaging devices 5 and line array CCD 6 are fixed on the universal stage 7, and the primary optical axis of line array CCD 6 overlaps with turning axle; Thin glass bar 9 is arranged on the annular inner wall axis apart from the position of annular inner wall center less than 200mm, and is parallel to the placement of annular inner wall axis; The optical axis of laser instrument 1 and the central axis of glass bar are 0.01 °～20 ° angles and place; The picture signal that line array CCD 6 is gathered exports computing machine 8 to, and the control signal of computing machine 8 exports the rotation of universal stage 7 control universal stages 7 to; Parallel beam expand device 2 is arranged on laser beam on the circular conical surface beam direction position that thin glass bar produces, and adjustment parallel beam expand device 2 upper-lower positions evenly expand the circular conical surface light beam and restraint the whole surface of annular inner wall; Described shearing elements 4 is that angle is formed at two plane mirrors of 0.01 °～5 ° of fixed angle, and it hands over stupefied being centered close on rotation and the point of crossing, annular inner wall height center, and two minute surfaces are all 45 ° ± 1 ° mutually with the rotation angle.
Described laser instrument 1 adopts helium-neon laser.
Described parallel beam expand device 2 adopts bracelet shape circular column lens.
The line array CCD 6 of band camera lens is the charge-coupled image sensor that one-dimensional array distributes for pixel.
Described thin glass bar 12 diameter ranges are that 5mm is to 10mm.
Thin glass bar adopts optical fiber to replace.
A kind of device that utilizes above-mentioned Non-Destructive Testing annular inner wall surface carries out the method on Non-Destructive Testing annular inner wall surface, it is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: laser beam is 0.01 °～20 ° angle tilts with the central axis with glass bar throws light on that to form with thin glass bar behind the thin glass bar be the circular conical surface light beam in axle center, this circular conical surface light beam irradiates is on the post lens;
Step 2: this circular conical surface light beam is radiated on the annular inner wall surface after bracelet shape circular column lens expand bundle in the form of a ring, and forms a speckle field at random on the annular inner wall surface;
Step 3: scattered light is reflected after the CCD camera lens becomes the picture of a pair of dislocation on the photosurface of CCD by bimirror, line array CCD to carrying out the continuous sweep collection as the plane, obtains the digital cutting speckle picture at each position, annular inner wall surface under the control of rotation platform;
Step 4: vacuumize in interior sample peripheral region comprising testing sample, repeating step 1 obtains the digital cutting speckle picture that testing sample vacuumizes each position, annular inner wall surface, back to step 3; Relative vacuum degree around the described sample is 0～-100KPa;
Step 5: two width of cloth images before and after vacuumizing are carried out related operation, obtain image H;
Step 6: adopt mean filter method or median filtering method to carry out filtering to image H, remove occur many and obtain image H1 with the line array CCD pixel with wide bright fringes along line array CCD line of pixels column direction;
Step 7: damage appears in the proof testing sample when occurring the interference fringe of butterfly macules shape among the image H1, otherwise the proof testing sample is harmless.
In step 4,, make 1～1000 ℃ of its temperature change, obtain another width of cloth image that corresponding two-beam on the sample heating after image plane becomes two speckle pictures testing sample heating or cooling.
In step 5, two width of cloth images before and after the distortion are carried out additive operation, obtain image H.
Beneficial effect
The device of a kind of carrying out optical non-destructive testing on surface of annular inner wall that the present invention proposes, behind the alternative area array CCD of line array CCD, for solve line array CCD push away sweep obtain speckle as the time image quality issues that occurs, adopted and adopted mean filter method or median filtering method to carry out filtering image, remove to occur many along line array CCD line of pixels column direction with the line array CCD pixel with wide bright fringes, obtain high quality graphic.Thereby, with its processing and synthetic width of cloth two dimension speckle pattern, effectively increased the area of the visual field of writing down again owing to drive line array CCD to the pushing away to sweep to gather as the plane and obtain several one dimension images of sample by micro-displacement platform.And, control to push away and sweep precision by changing step value size that line array CCD pushes away micro-displacement platform in the inswept journey, if the stepping accuracy of described micro-displacement platform is set to the unit pixel size less than line array CCD, can also improve the sampling precision of speckle pattern along the micro-displacement platform moving direction.In addition, when the testing sample surface undulation is big, utilize the picture on the speckle pattern that traditional area array CCD obtains to produce out of focus, can cause to detect corresponding to the defective of out of focus part.And utilize line array CCD to push away the method for sweeping, and can be according to the moving track of the corresponding micro-displacement platform of testing sample surface design, push away along described moving track and to sweep the out of focus phenomenon that the speckle pattern that obtains has been eliminated the speckle picture, thereby effectively improved the sensitivity of defects detection.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the principle of device synoptic diagram of carrying out optical non-destructive testing on surface of annular inner wall of the present invention;
Line array CCD, 7-universal stage, 8-computing machine, the thin glass bar of 9-of 1-laser instrument, 2-parallel beam expand device, 3-testing sample, 4-shearing elements, 5-imaging device, 6-band camera lens.
Embodiment
Now in conjunction with the embodiments, accompanying drawing is further described the present invention:
Present embodiment comprises laser instrument 1, parallel beam expand device 2, shearing elements 4, imaging device 5, line array CCD 6, universal stage 7, computing machine 8 and thin glass bar 9.
In the present embodiment, laser instrument adopts helium-neon laser; Testing sample 3 is that the annular inner wall of an object is a tire inner wall; The diameter of thin glass bar 9 is 8mm, and it is arranged on tire axle apart from the position of tire center less than 90mm, and be parallel to tire axle place thin glass bar also available fiber replace; Laser instrument 1 is positioned at thin glass bar one side, becomes 1 ° to 90 ° angle between the light pencil that laser instrument sends and the glass bar axis, and the light beam irradiates glass bar is near the end of tire.Parallel beam expand device 2 adopts bracelet shape circular column lens, and it is arranged on the circular conical surface beam direction that thin glass bar produces, and the circular conical surface light beam evenly can be expanded the whole surface of restrainting annular testing sample.Shearing elements 4 adopts a biplane catoptron of being made up of two plane mirrors, and two plane mirrors fold 1 ° to 5 ° fixed angle, and it hands over stupefied being centered close on the rotation, and two minute surfaces are identical with the rotation angle, near 45 degree.The effect of described biplane catoptron can be divided into a branch of incident light wave two slightly different bundle outgoing light waves of the direction of propagation, and makes the direction of propagation of two outgoing beams vertical with incident light wave; Imaging device 5 adopts the CCD camera lens of an adjustable focal length, is used for inwall blur-free imaging to be measured on the CCD surface; Line array CCD 6 is that a pixel is the charge-coupled image sensor that one-dimensional array distributes, and its line of pixels column direction is identical with the direction that staggers of two outgoing beams that reflected by bimirror 4; Micro-displacement platform 7 adopts rotatable and mobile accuracy can be by the precise rotating platform of computing machine 8 adjustings, and described bimirror, CCD camera lens and CCD are fixed on the accurate universal stage, and the primary optical axis of CCD camera lens overlaps with turning axle.
The groundwork process of present embodiment is: the light beam that described helium-neon laser 1 sends is the thin glass bar 9 of oblique illumination at a certain angle, generation is the circular conical surface light beam in axle center with thin glass bar, this circular conical surface light beam is radiated on the post lens just, this circular conical surface light beam is after bracelet shape circular column lens 2 expand bundle, be radiated on the tire inner wall more equably in the form of a ring, and form a speckle field at random on tire inner wall surface.The scattered light of tire inner wall becomes the picture of a pair of dislocation by bimirror 4 reflections on the photosurface of CCD 6 through CCD camera lens 5.Described accurate rotation platform 7 rotates a circle under computing machine 8 control, and drives 6 pairs of described line array CCDs and carry out the continuous sweep collection as the plane, obtains the digital cutting speckle picture at each position of tire inner wall.Gather two width of cloth cutting speckle figure before and after the distortion of described sample respectively, carry out numerical operation by means such as related algorithm and Digital Image Processing, promptly can obtain the speckle interference fringe pattern of butterfly macules shape by described computing machine 8.
The beneficial effect of present embodiment is: the present embodiment device is specially adapted to detection ring shaped object inside surface, tire inner wall etc. is for example gathered the picture of cutting speckle clearly that can obtain each position of annular inner wall by the CCD rotation of adopting the annular beam illumination and being positioned at universal stage.In the recording process, light source is different with tire, can avoid the speckle field shake, in addition, this device can adopt also that fixedly bimirror and CCD system are motionless, and the mode of rotating tire's and lighting source obtains whole audience speckle pattern synchronously, also can reach the effect of avoiding the speckle field shake.Line array CCD in this device can replace with area array CCD, takes the framing recording mode to obtain whole audience speckle pattern.
Claims (9)
1. the device of a carrying out optical non-destructive testing on surface of annular inner wall is characterized in that comprising laser instrument (1), parallel beam expand device (2), shearing elements (4), imaging device (5), line array CCD (6), universal stage (7), computing machine (8) and thin glass bar (9); On the axis of tested annular inner wall, comply with thin glass bar (9), parallel beam expand device (2), shearing elements (4), imaging device (5), line array CCD (6) and universal stage (7) are set; Shearing elements (4), imaging device (5) and line array CCD (6) are fixed on the universal stage (7), and the primary optical axis of line array CCD (6) overlaps with turning axle; Thin glass bar (9) is arranged on the annular inner wall axis apart from the position of annular inner wall center less than 200mm, and is parallel to the placement of annular inner wall axis; The optical axis of laser instrument (1) and the central axis of glass bar are 0.01 °～20 ° angles and place; The picture signal that line array CCD (6) is gathered exports computing machine (8) to, and the control signal of computing machine (8) exports the rotation of universal stage (7) control universal stage (7) to; Parallel beam expand device (2) is arranged on laser beam on the circular conical surface beam direction position that thin glass bar produces, and adjustment parallel beam expand device (2) upper-lower position evenly expands the circular conical surface light beam and restraints the whole surface of annular inner wall; Described shearing elements (4) is that angle is formed at two plane mirrors of 0.01 °～5 ° of fixed angle, and it hands over stupefied being centered close on rotation and the point of crossing, annular inner wall height center, and two minute surfaces are all 45 ° ± 1 ° mutually with the rotation angle.
2. the device on Non-Destructive Testing annular inner wall according to claim 1 surface is characterized in that: described laser instrument (1) adopts helium-neon laser.
3. the device on Non-Destructive Testing annular inner wall according to claim 1 surface is characterized in that: described parallel beam expand device (2) adopts bracelet shape circular column lens.
4. the device on Non-Destructive Testing annular inner wall according to claim 1 surface is characterized in that: described line array CCD (6) is the charge-coupled image sensor that one-dimensional array distributes for pixel.
5. the device on Non-Destructive Testing annular inner wall according to claim 1 surface is characterized in that: described thin glass bar (12) diameter range is that 5mm is to 10mm.
6. the device on Non-Destructive Testing annular inner wall surface according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterized in that: thin glass bar adopts optical fiber to replace.
7. a device that utilizes described any Non-Destructive Testing annular inner wall surface of claim 1～6 carries out the method on Non-Destructive Testing annular inner wall surface, it is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: laser beam is 0.01 °～20 ° angle tilts with the central axis with glass bar throws light on that to form with thin glass bar behind the thin glass bar be the circular conical surface light beam in axle center, this circular conical surface light beam irradiates is on the post lens;
Step 2: this circular conical surface light beam is radiated on the annular inner wall surface after bracelet shape circular column lens expand bundle in the form of a ring, and forms a speckle field at random on the annular inner wall surface;
Step 3: scattered light is reflected after the CCD camera lens becomes the picture of a pair of dislocation on the photosurface of CCD by bimirror, line array CCD to carrying out the continuous sweep collection as the plane, obtains the digital cutting speckle picture at each position, annular inner wall surface under the control of rotation platform;
Step 4: vacuumize in interior sample peripheral region comprising testing sample, repeating step 1 obtains the digital cutting speckle picture that testing sample vacuumizes each position, annular inner wall surface, back to step 3; Relative vacuum degree around the described sample is 0～-100KPa;
Step 5: two width of cloth images before and after vacuumizing are carried out related operation, obtain image H;
Step 6: adopt mean filter method or median filtering method to carry out filtering to image H, remove occur many and obtain image H with the line array CCD pixel with wide bright fringes along line array CCD line of pixels column direction
1
Step 7: as image H
1In when the interference fringe of butterfly macules shape occurring the proof testing sample damage appears, otherwise the proof testing sample is harmless.
8. the method on Non-Destructive Testing annular inner wall according to claim 7 surface, it is characterized in that: in step 4, testing sample is heated or cooling, make 1～1000 ℃ of its temperature change, obtain another width of cloth image that corresponding two-beam on the sample heating after image plane becomes two speckle pictures.
9. the method on Non-Destructive Testing annular inner wall according to claim 7 surface is characterized in that: in step 5 two width of cloth images before and after the distortion are carried out additive operation, obtain image H.
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| CN102706886A (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2012-10-03 | 宁国大通工贸有限公司 | Device for detecting defects at inner part of tire |
| CN105606610A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2016-05-25 | 南京农业大学 | Bio-speckle technology based method for nondestructive detection of apple internal quality |
| CN106596556A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-04-26 | 上海大学 | Container inner wall adhesion quality nondestructive detection method based on shearing speckle interferometry |
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| CN105606610A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2016-05-25 | 南京农业大学 | Bio-speckle technology based method for nondestructive detection of apple internal quality |
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| WO2020019348A1 (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2020-01-30 | 合刃科技（深圳）有限公司 | Device and method for detecting inner wall of microcapillary on basis of coherent light |
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| CN108827975B (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2023-10-20 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | CCD array imaging device |
| CN109540918B (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2021-04-16 | 鞍钢集团自动化有限公司 | Hot-rolled coil edge defect detection device and method |
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| JP2021001734A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2021-01-07 | 株式会社オートインスペクト | Inner surface automatic inspection apparatus of pipe material and inner surface automatic inspection method of pipe material |
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| CN114660077A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-06-24 | 菲特（天津）检测技术有限公司 | Reflection law-based on-line detection method for micron-sized defects of inner walls of pipe barrels |
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