CN102507595A - Pipeline detection method and device through exciting axial guided waves by utilizing annular laser - Google Patents
Pipeline detection method and device through exciting axial guided waves by utilizing annular laser Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pipeline detection method and device through exciting axial guided waves by utilizing annular laser. The pipeline detection method comprises the steps of: converting a round laser beam into an annular laser beam; adjusting the size of the radius of the annular laser beam to enable the radius to be in consistence with the radius of the annular end face of a pipeline; when the annular laser is projected on the annular end face of the pipeline, exciting guided waves in an axial symmetrical mode by generated impact load; and receiving echo signals which are generated when the guided waves meet with a defect by a signal reception device so that detection for a pipeline defect is realized. The pipeline detection method and device through exciting axial guided waves by utilizing the annular laser is good for exciting guided waves in the axial symmetrical mode of the pipeline; as a conical lens group is utilized to collect round flare energy on the annular end face of the pipeline, the effect of the applied impact load is enhanced and SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) is increased; and as the size of the radius of the annular laser beam is controlled through adjustment of a relative position between the lens group and the end face of the pipeline to adapt to the detection of pipelines with different radiuses, the pipeline detection method and device through exciting axial guided waves by utilizing the annular laser, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages of high efficiency, wide range, relatively low cost and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of guided wave that utilizes and detect pipeline method and device, a kind of specifically method for detecting pipeline and device that utilizes loop laser to encourage axial guided wave is used for the Non-Destructive Testing of pipeline.
Technical background
In road pipeline guided wave detected, sensor was the important component part in the detection system, excitation and reception guided wave in testing process.And can in answer, encourage and receive supersonic guide-wave effectively, not only with the size of the characteristic of guided wave, pipeline and condition is inseparable down.And relevant with the selection and the performance of supersonic guide-wave probe, utilize the guided wave of one or more different modalities that different sensor can encourage that pipeline is detected.Main being used at present encourages the sensor of pipeline guided wave that piezoelectric transducer, magneto strictive sensor, sound Magnetic Sensor, pulse laser formula sensor are arranged.
In the pipe detection process, utilize pulse laser to produce the burst pulse ultrasonic signal, realize that record is surveyed in noncontact or remote measurement, hot conditions and corrosivity have mal-condition detections such as radiation by force.Because these these characteristics, laser has also obtained certain application in the pipeline guided wave detects.In order to improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio); Usually utilize the array stimulating technology to improve the energy of laser pumping; People such as American scholar Rose have adopted the parabola shaped copper catoptron of interpolation type ring-type, and the energy of pulse laser is along the circumferential direction evenly distributed after reflection, encourage axial mode guided wave to realize pipe detection.It is a kind of through on inner-walls of duct, encourage the method for guided wave at pipeline built-in reflective mirror that Korea S's Han Yang University provides, and the guided wave signals that has received axial L (0,1) mode is to realize detection; But axial L (0; 1) attenuation coefficient of the guided wave of mode is bigger, and the present invention encourages the guided wave of L (0,2) mode; The guided wave of this mode has the advantages that frequency dispersion is little, speed is fast, attenuation coefficient is little, and the test model encloses more greatly.
The laser-ultrasound detection system is huge, expensive, technical sophistication, and testing environment has relatively high expectations, and has restricted its application and development that detects at the pipeline guided wave.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to help encouraging pipeline axial symmetry mode guided wave to carry out pipe detection; Can improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), adapt to the lossless detection method and the equipment of different tube diameters pipeline through the size of the distance control annular radii between adjustment lens combination and the pipeline end face.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose; The method of loop laser that the present invention realizes excitation pipeline axial mode attitude guided wave; Be to adopt the pulse type laser transmitter, the light path system that the round laser beam scioptics that laser instrument is launched are formed comprises focusing on subtracting beam optical path system and ring light light path system; Convert the laser beam of annular into; Simultaneously according to the diameter of the size adjustment ring-shaped light spot of pipeline radius, let this loop laser radiation on the collar that is installed in pipeline one end, the impulsive force loading transfer that the collar produces annular laser beams is to the ring section of pipeline; Simultaneously owing to produced the long axial symmetrical mode guided wave of standing wave in the effect of contraction tube wall of clamp device to duct wall; The echoed signal that this guided wave runs into the defect of pipeline generation is disposed in the signal receiving device reception on the pipeline outer wall, and receiving trap inputs to the signal that receives in the digital oscilloscope, confirms corresponding frequency and group velocity through the echo crest with the distance of pumping signal crest with through dispersion curve; Go out the axial location x of defect of pipeline range sensor according to computes, thereby realize pipe detection.
Wherein,
.
In above-mentioned method; After generating laser laser beam that said xsect is rounded subtracts the beam optical path system in focus through a focusing of being made up of a pair of concavees lens and convex lens or two convex lens; Convert thereof into the laser beam that said xsect is annular through the ring light light path system again; Said ring light light path system is combined by negative axle pyramid lens, positive axis pyramid lens and convex lens; Should negative cone lens, normal cone body lens and convex lens with the direction of propagation of laser beam be the center successively symmetry arrange according to certain distance; The loop laser that generated afterwards elder generation irradiation on the bigger collar of forming by hard low-resistance consumption rubber ring and anti-reflection film of radius ratio caliber, again by the collar with the impulsive force loading transfer of annular laser beams generation to the ring section of pipeline to motivate the guided wave of vertical axisymmetry mode.
The collar by forming for hard low-resistance consumption rubber ring and anti-reflection film, wherein anti-reflection film is attached to the end of rubber ring towards annular beam, rubber ring the other end be arranged on the annular end face of pipeline.Clamp device is for limiting its degree of freedom pipeline folder by clamping pipe, and the distance apart from pipeline of this pipeline folder is 1 ~ 10cm.
Receiving trap is the array piezoelectric sensor group of arranging or is the PVDF sensor, piezoelectric sensor quantity be 3 to 10 round the even tube wall array arrangement.
Utilize loop laser to encourage the device of the pipe detection of axial guided wave, mainly by generating laser, focus on and subtract beam optical path system, ring light light path system, the collar, clamp device, signal receiving device, digital oscilloscope and form.Generating laser, focusing subtracts the beam optical path system, the ring light light path system is installed on the optical bench, arranges according to certain distance with the direction of propagation of laser beam symmetry successively simultaneously and light beam is overlapped with lens combination center in the light path system.The collar is arranged on the pipeline end face.Clamp device is clamped on the outer wall of pipeline, and its bottom is connected on the optical bench.Signal receiving device is arranged on the pipeline outer wall face and near the excitation end of pipeline.
Advantage of the present invention exists:
(1) help encouraging the symmetrical mode guided wave of the vertical L of pipeline (0,2), this mode guided wave has the advantages that frequency dispersion is little, speed is fast, attenuation coefficient is little, and detection signal is discerned easily, and test specification is bigger.
(2) simultaneously than other sensors, the method for guided wave can improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) in the laser pumping pipe, makes signal more clear.
(3) utilize the Conical Lenses group with the circular light spot concentration of energy on the pipeline annular end face, strengthened the effect of the impulsive force load that applies, the precision that improve to detect.
(4) size through the relative position control annular radii between adjustment lens combination and the pipeline end face to be adapting to the detection of different radii pipeline, the detection efficiency height, and cost is lower.
(5) only use a pulse laser transmitter promptly can replace a plurality of generating lasers of arranged in arrays to realize encouraging rotational symmetry to claim the longitudinal mode guided wave, significantly reduced the cost of laser equipment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 utilizes loop laser to encourage the structural drawing of the pipe detection device of axial guided wave.
Fig. 2 utilizes loop laser to encourage the pipe detection device light path system schematic diagram of axial guided wave.
Fig. 3 utilizes loop laser to encourage the structure of the collar in the pipe detection device of axial guided wave.
Fig. 4 utilize loop laser encourage in the pipe detection device of axial guided wave signal receiving device receive echoed signal.
Among the figure, 1. generating laser; 2. focus on and subtract the beam optical path system; 3. ring light light path system; 4. the collar; 5. clamp device; 6. signal receiving device; 7. digital oscilloscope; 2a. concavees lens; 2b. convex lens; 3a. negative axle pyramid lens; 3b. positive axis pyramid lens; 3c. convex lens; 4a. low-resistance consumption rubber ring; 4b. anti-reflection film.
Specific embodiments
As shown in Figure 1; The device of shown loop laser excitation pipeline axial mode attitude guided wave; Have one install and fix various parts optical bench 10; Be furnished with laser generator 1 on the level table of this optical bench 10 from left to right successively, focus on and to subtract beam optical path system 2, ring light light path system 3 and clamp device 5 various parts and all can adjust position and fixing through mounting bracket 11, wherein to be installed in the distance apart from the pipeline end face be on 1 ~ 10cm position to clamp device.Pipeline 13 to be detected is placed near right-hand focus point of device of ring light light path system 3 and center-aligned, and the radius of the pipeline that can detect according to the need needs carries out the position adjustment.Focusing subtracts beam optical path system 2 and is fixed on respectively in two different sleeves 12 with ring light light path system 3, and makes its compact conformation.The collar 4 by forming for hard low-resistance consumption rubber ring and anti-reflection film, wherein anti-reflection film is attached to the end of rubber ring towards annular beam, rubber ring the other end be arranged on the annular end face of pipeline (as shown in Figure 3).Signal receiving device 5 is arranged on the pipeline outer wall face and near the excitation end of pipeline.
Light path system shown in Fig. 2; Generating laser 1 is launched focusing that the rounded laser beam of xsect 8 forms through a concavees lens 2a who is overlapped by a pair of center and convex lens 2b or two convex lens and is subtracted beam optical path system 2 radius of laser beam spot can be diminished; But do not change the direction and the energy distribution of laser beam; The light beam of this focusing incides ring light light path system 3; Ring light light path system 3 is combined by a negative axle pyramid lens 3a, positive axis pyramid lens 3b and convex lens 6c, and this negative cone lens 6a, normal cone body lens 3b and convex lens 3c arrange according to certain distance and light beam is overlapped with the lens combination center with the direction of propagation of laser beam symmetry successively.Circular laser beam after the focusing is dispersed, is converged through positive axis pyramid cone lens 3b refraction through negative axle pyramid cone lens 3a refraction in ring light light path system 3; The laser beam that the xsect of exporting collimation this moment is annular is focused into thinner annular laser beam through another convex lens 3c again; Through changing the distance of lenticular lenses in pipeline end face and the ring light light path system 3, make that ring-shaped light spot radius and pipeline annular end face radius are consistent simultaneously.
When needing to detect pipeline; Adjustment clamp device 5 is set the laser energy size that is fit to from the distance and the clamping of pipeline excitation end face, makes laser generator 1 launch pulsed laser beam; This circle light beam converts annular laser beam into through light path system; Annular laser beams 9 radiation are on the collar 4 that is arranged in pipeline one end, and the impulsive force loading transfer that the collar produces annular laser beams is to the ring section of pipeline, simultaneously owing to produced the long axial symmetrical mode guided wave of standing wave in the effect of contraction tube wall of 5 pairs of duct walls of clamp device; The echoed signal that this guided wave runs into the defect of pipeline generation is disposed in signal receiving device 5 receptions on pipeline 13 outer walls; Receiving trap inputs to the signal that receives in the digital oscilloscope 8, confirms corresponding frequency and group velocity through the echo crest with the distance of pumping signal crest with through dispersion curve, according to following formula; Calculate the axial location x of defect of pipeline range sensor, thereby realize pipe detection.
As shown in Figure 4; To an external diameter is 76mm; Thickness is that the carbon steel piping of 5mm as above detects; And received fault location echoed signal, through confirming the centre frequency group velocity corresponding of echoed signal, obtain that there is a defective at distance signal receiving trap 500mm place on pipeline axial with it.
During practical implementation, focusing subtracts beam optical path system 2 and can be fixed in the identical sleeve with ring light light path system 3.
Claims (8)
1. method for detecting pipeline that utilizes loop laser to encourage axial guided wave; It is characterized in that; Adopt pulse type laser transmitter (1); The light path system that the round laser beam scioptics that laser instrument is launched are formed converts the laser beam (8) of annular into, adjusts the diameter of ring-shaped light spot simultaneously according to the size of pipeline radius, lets the loop laser radiation on the collar that is arranged in pipeline one end (4); The impulsive force loading transfer that the collar produces annular laser beams is to the ring section of pipeline; Owing to produced the long axial symmetrical mode guided wave of standing wave in the effect of contraction tube wall of clamp device (5) to duct wall, the echoed signal that said axial symmetrical mode guided wave runs into the defect of pipeline generation is disposed in signal receiving device (6) reception on the pipeline outer wall simultaneously, and receiving trap inputs to the signal that receives in the digital oscilloscope (7); Through the axial location apart from the judgement defect of pipeline of echo crest and pumping signal crest, realize pipe detection.
2. encourage the method for detecting pipeline of axial guided wave according to the said loop laser of claim 1, it is characterized in that, the said axial location x that goes out the defect of pipeline range sensor is:
。
3. implement the said device that utilizes loop laser to encourage the method for detecting pipeline of axial guided wave of claim 1; It is characterized in that; Subtract beam optical path system (2), ring light light path system (3), the collar (4), clamp device (5) by generating laser (1), focusing, signal receiving device (6), digital oscilloscope (7) are formed; Said generating laser (1), focusing subtracts beam optical path system (2), ring light light path system (3) is installed on the optical bench (10), to arrange successively and light beam is overlapped with lens combination center in the light path system in the direction of propagation of laser beam; The said collar (4) is arranged on the pipeline end face, the outer wall of said clamp device (5) clamping pipe, and clamp device (5) bottom is connected on the optical bench (10), and signal receiving device (6) is arranged on the pipeline outer wall face and near the excitation end of pipeline.
4. according to the said pipe detection device that utilizes loop laser to encourage axial guided wave of claim 3; It is characterized in that; The said collar is made up of hard low-resistance consumption rubber ring (4a) and anti-reflection film (4b); Said anti-reflection film (4b) sticks on the end of rubber ring towards annular beam, rubber ring the other end be arranged on the annular end face of pipeline.
5. according to claim 3 or the 4 said pipe detection devices that utilize loop laser to encourage axial guided wave; It is characterized in that; Said focusing subtracts beam optical path system (2) and is made up of concavees lens (2a) and convex lens (2b); Said ring light light path system is combined by negative axle pyramid lens (3a), positive axis pyramid lens (3b) and convex lens (3c), and negative cone lens (3a), normal cone body lens (3b) and convex lens (3c) are that the center is arranged successively with the direction of propagation of laser beam.
6. according to claim 3 or the 4 said pipe detection devices that utilize loop laser to encourage axial guided wave; It is characterized in that; Said clamp device (5) is the pipeline folder of clamping pipe restriction conduit degree of freedom, and said clamp device (5) is 1 ~ 10cm apart from the distance of pipeline end face.
7. according to claim 3 or the 4 said pipe detection devices that utilize loop laser to encourage axial guided wave; It is characterized in that; The piezoelectric sensor group that said signal receiving device (6) is arranged for array or be the PVDF sensor, piezoelectric sensor quantity be 4 to 10 round the even tube wall array arrangement.
8. according to claim 3 or the 4 said pipe detection devices that utilize loop laser to encourage axial guided wave, it is characterized in that said focusing subtracts beam optical path system (2) and is fixed in the identical sleeve with ring light light path system (3).
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| CN104148802A (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2014-11-19 | 北京万恒镭特机电设备有限公司 | Beam forming device and method |
| CN104359424A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-02-18 | 无锡中科光电技术有限公司 | Ellipsoid mirror surface shape detection device and method |
| CN104614447A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-05-13 | 南京理工大学 | Method for exciting single vertical guided wave mode by utilizing laser and optical path system |
| CN106885516A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-06-23 | 中国石油大学(华东) | The device of measurement docking pipeline section relative position |
| CN111887888A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-11-06 | 聚融医疗科技(杭州)有限公司 | Method and system for evaluating impedance of ultrasonic probe matching layer based on lens echo |
| CN112856238A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-05-28 | 西安交通大学 | Mechanically-driven continuous impact pressure wave generator and pipeline abnormal state detection device based on same |
| CN112964783A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-15 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Axial excitation device and method for nondestructive testing of pipeline |
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| CN104614447A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-05-13 | 南京理工大学 | Method for exciting single vertical guided wave mode by utilizing laser and optical path system |
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| CN104148802B (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2017-01-25 | 北京万恒镭特机电设备有限公司 | Beam forming device and method |
| CN104359424A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-02-18 | 无锡中科光电技术有限公司 | Ellipsoid mirror surface shape detection device and method |
| CN104359424B (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2017-04-19 | 无锡中科光电技术有限公司 | Ellipsoid mirror surface shape detection device and method |
| CN106885516A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-06-23 | 中国石油大学(华东) | The device of measurement docking pipeline section relative position |
| CN106885516B (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2018-05-08 | 中国石油大学(华东) | The device of measurement docking pipeline section relative position |
| CN111887888A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-11-06 | 聚融医疗科技(杭州)有限公司 | Method and system for evaluating impedance of ultrasonic probe matching layer based on lens echo |
| CN112856238A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-05-28 | 西安交通大学 | Mechanically-driven continuous impact pressure wave generator and pipeline abnormal state detection device based on same |
| CN112856238B (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2022-01-25 | 西安交通大学 | Mechanically-driven continuous impact pressure wave generator and pipeline abnormal state detection device based on same |
| CN112964783A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-15 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Axial excitation device and method for nondestructive testing of pipeline |
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