CN102498896B - Planting method for using interplanting of corn with broccoli and potato to control field non-point source pollution - Google Patents

Planting method for using interplanting of corn with broccoli and potato to control field non-point source pollution Download PDF

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CN102498896B
CN102498896B CN 201110355635 CN201110355635A CN102498896B CN 102498896 B CN102498896 B CN 102498896B CN 201110355635 CN201110355635 CN 201110355635 CN 201110355635 A CN201110355635 A CN 201110355635A CN 102498896 B CN102498896 B CN 102498896B
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broccoli
corn
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fertilizer
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CN102498896A (en
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李元
祖艳群
吴伯志
湛方栋
陈建军
安瞳昕
何永美
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Yunnan Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a planting method for using interplanting of corn with broccoli and potato to control field non-point source pollution, which includes: interplanting two rows of the broccoli per row of the corn, interplanting two rows of the potato after the broccoli is harvested, and setting corn spacing as 150cm and plant spacing as 20cm; or interplanting three rows of the broccoli per row of the corn, interplanting three rows of the potato after the broccoli is harvested, and setting corn row spacing as 210cm and plant spacing as 20cm; or interplanting four rows of the broccoli per row of the corn, interplanting four rows of the potato after the broccoli is harvested, and setting corn row spacing as 270cm and plant spacing as 20cm. The broccoli and the potato planted in the three modes are provided with different row spacings. By the method, surface runoff of fields is reduced by 73-82%, loss of total nitrogen is reduced by 80-87%, loss of total nitrogen is reduced by 78-84%, loss of SS (suspended solids) is reduced by 79-83%, output value can reach 7019-7049Yuan/mu, and field non-point source pollution is controlled and ecological environment is protected while the output value is guaranteed.

Description

Utilize the implantation methods of corn and broccoli, potato intercropping control farmland pollution of area source
Technical field
The invention belongs to the agricultural planting technique field, be specifically related to a kind of implantation methods that utilizes corn and broccoli, potato intercropping to control the farmland pollution of area source.
Background technology
The farmland pollution of area source refers to silt, nutritive salt, agricultural chemicals and other pollutant in the farmland, in precipitation or irrigation process, by agricultural surface runoff, interflow, agricultural drain and underground leakage, enters water body and the pollution of area source that forms.Along with the enhancing of China to the point-source pollution control ability, the farmland pollution of area source has become the primary pollution source in the waters such as lake.Such as the Dianchi Lake Basin in Yunnan Province in recent years along with the enforcement of basin point-source pollution Control Engineering, and the loss of the nutriments such as agricultural surface runoff nitrogen, phosphorus has become the primary pollution source that affects Water Quality of Dianchi Lake, has become one of the most serious lake of national water body eutrophication degree.
Crop planting model has important impact to soil erosion in farmland and rainwash, and the loss that rational cropping pattern can effectively be cut down agricultural surface runoff and nutriment has caused researcher's concern.Therefore, study different cropping patterns to the impact of the nutrients numbers of dropouts such as nitrogen, phosphorus in Dianchi Lake Basin agricultural surface runoff amount and the runoff, the cropping pattern of Farmland Flow Pollution is effectively cut down in screening, and the method for the minimizing farmland pollution of area source of science can be provided for lake treatments such as Dian Chi.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention be overcome agricultural surface runoff amount that existing Dianchi Lake Basin farmland planting pattern causes large with runoff in the nutrients numbers of dropouts height such as nitrogen, phosphorus, fertilizing amount is too high, defective and the deficiencies such as the farmland pollution of area source is serious provide a kind of easy, easy grasp, the low effective profit that drops into
Control the implantation methods of farmland pollution of area source with corn and broccoli, potato intercropping.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the implantation methods of farmland pollution of area source is controlled in utilize corn and broccoli, potato intercropping that the inventive method provides, may further comprise the steps:
Corn ( Zea maysL.) with broccoli ( Brassica oleraceaL. var. varitalica Planch) or potato ( Solanum tuberosmL.) intercropping, described corn and broccoli or potato intercropping are by the field layout plantation of 1 row corn, one furrow and 2 row broccolis, one furrow, after the broccoli results, field layout by 1 row corn, one furrow and 2 row potatos, one furrow, intercropping 2 row potatos, the plantation specification is: Row spacing of maize 150cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, planting density 2500 strain/mus, the broccoli narrow row is apart from 60 cm, wide line-spacing 90cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, planting density 2800 strain/mus, the potato narrow row is apart from 60 cm, wide line-spacing 90cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, planting density 3200 strain/mus; Or described corn and broccoli or potato intercropping are planted by 1 row corn, one furrow and the field layout of 3 row broccolis, one furrow, after the broccoli results, field layout by 1 row corn, one furrow and 3 row potatos, one furrow, intercropping 3 row potatos, the plantation specification is: Row spacing of maize 210cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, planting density 1875 strain/mus, the broccoli narrow row is apart from 60cm, wide line-spacing 90cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, planting density 3000 strain/mus, the potato narrow row is apart from 60cm, wide line-spacing 90cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, planting density 3350 strain/mus; Or described corn and broccoli or potato intercropping are planted by 1 row corn, one furrow and the field layout of 4 row broccolis, one furrow, after the broccoli results, field layout by 1 row corn, one furrow and 4 row potatos, one furrow, intercropping 4 row potatos, the plantation specification is: Row spacing of maize 270cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, planting density 1440 strain/mus, the broccoli narrow row is apart from 60cm, wide line-spacing 90cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, planting density 3200 strain/mus; The potato narrow row is apart from 60cm, wide line-spacing 90cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, planting density 3500 strain/mus.
The described implantation methods that utilizes corn and broccoli, potato intercropping to control the farmland pollution of area source, further comprising the steps of:
1. the base fertilizer of corn is fertilizer and MAP, when the fertilization time of base fertilizer is whole ground one
Inferior property applies, and described fertilizer is pig manure, and the consumption of fertilizer is 100kg/ mu, the P in the described MAP 2O 5Content 〉=45%, the content of the total nitrogen in the MAP (N) 〉=9.0%, the consumption of MAP are 15kg/ mu; At seedling stage and the fringe phase spraying fertilizer of corn, described topdressing is urea, the content of the total nitrogen of described urea (N) 〉=46.0%, and seedling stage, used amount of urea was 10 kg/ mus, the fringe phase, used amount of urea was 20kg/ mu; Described percentage is mass fraction;
2. the base fertilizer of broccoli is fertilizer and MAP, described fertilizer and MAP
Fertilizer and the MAP used with the base fertilizer of corn are identical, and its Rate of Organic Fertilizer is 200kg/ mu, and the consumption of MAP is 10kg/ mu, disposable the applying when fertilization time of base fertilizer is whole ground; Topdress 4 times with composite fertilizer, described composite fertilizer is Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, its N ︰ P 2O 5︰ K 2O is 15 ︰, 15 ︰ 15, transplants at broccoli and executes 10kg/ mu in rear the 7th day; Imposed respectively afterwards 20kg/ mu for 3 times every 15 days;
3. the base fertilizer of potato is fertilizer and superphosphate, and the used fertilizer of described fertilizer and the base fertilizer of corn is identical, the P in the superphosphate 2O 5Content 〉=16.0%, the consumption of fertilizer is 200kg/ mu, the consumption of superphosphate is 20kg/ mu, disposable the applying when fertilization time of base fertilizer is whole ground; Topdressing of potato is composite fertilizer, and the used composite fertilizer of described composite fertilizer and broccoli is identical, topdresses and executes 2 times, and topdressing for the 1st time is to use composite fertilizer 12kg/ mu after emerging on the 10th day, and topdressing for the 2nd time is to use composite fertilizer 15kg/ mu after emerging on the 25th day; Described percentage is mass fraction.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the inventive method is by the reasonably combined of corn/broccoli or potato intercropping mode with reasonably plant specification, improved utility rate of luminous energy, soil coverage rate and crop marginal effect have been improved simultaneously, promoted corn, broccoli, potato to absorb liquid manure, when reaching volume increase and stable yields purpose, the loss of having cut down the nutriments such as nitrogen, phosphorus in agricultural surface runoff amount and the agricultural surface runoff.Its mechanism mainly can be accomplished sufficient utilization to agricultural land soil and hydrothermal resources based on reasonable intercropping, corn and vegetables intercropping mode have guaranteed to still have the corn acrial part to cover the earth's surface after the vegetables results, play and block rainfall, avoid or weaken raindrop to the splashing of ground, reduced the effect of runoff.
2, the inventive method makes the agricultural surface runoff amount subdue rate (%) to reach 73.42 ~ 82.11%; the number of dropouts of rainwash total nitrogen is subdued rate (%) and is reached 79.76 ~ 86.86%; the number of dropouts of rainwash total phosphorus is subdued rate (%) and is reached 78.24 ~ 84.31; rainwash SS number of dropouts is subdued rate (%) and is reached 79.24 ~ 83.35; guarantee that simultaneously the output value reaches 7019 ~ 7049 yuan/mu; particular significant effect; show: the inventive method can guarantee the output value; ensure peasant's income; can control especially significantly the farmland pollution of area source again, preserve the ecological environment.
3, the inventive method is ingenious, and convenient, easily grasp that technology is used is suitable for the country practical situation, is convenient to the peasant and uses in the field, is promoted easily application.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Embodiment does 3 processing to the inventive method, is respectively processing 1, processing 2 and processes 3, two contrasts: contrast 1 and contrast 2.
Processing 1 is:
Experiment material: corn variety is No. 28, extra large standing grain, and be 5 months breeding time, and the sowing time is late May; The broccoli kind is outstanding, and be 2 first quarter moons breeding time, and the sowing time is late May; Potato Cultivars is cooperation 88, the early August plantation, and early November gathers in the crops.
The experiment place: on the Jinning County, Kunming, Yunnan Province garlic township section seven villages.
Applying fertilizer:
1. fertilizer: the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
2. MAP: the P in the MAP 2O 5Content 〉=45.0%, the content of total nitrogen (in N) 〉=9.0%.
3. urea: the content of the total nitrogen in the urea (N) 〉=46.0 %.
4. superphosphate: the P in the superphosphate 2O 5Content 〉=16.0%.
5. composite fertilizer: composite fertilizer is Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium,Its N ︰ P 2O 5︰ K 2O is 15 ︰, 15 ︰ 15.
Described percentage is mass fraction.
1.1 implantation methods is corn and broccoli or potato intercropping:
1. corn and broccoli intercropping, 1 row corn intercrop, 2 row broccolis form the field layout of 1 row corn, one furrow and 2 row broccolis, one furrow;
2. broccoli is gathered in the crops rear intercropping 2 row potatos, forms the field layout of 1 row corn, one furrow and 2 row potatos, one furrow;
1.2 kind is planted specification and is:
1. Row spacing of maize 150cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, planting density 2500 strain/mus;
2. the broccoli narrow row is apart from 60 cm, wide line-spacing 90cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, planting density 2800 strain/mus;
3. the potato narrow row is apart from 60 cm, wide line-spacing 90cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, planting density 3200 strain/mus;
1.3 fertilising:
1. corn base fertilizer is fertilizer 100kg/ mu and MAP 15 kg/ mus; Disposable the applying when fertilization time of base fertilizer is whole ground topdressed 2 times with urea, seedling stages 10 kg/ mu, fringe phases 20 kg/ mu;
2. broccoli base fertilizer is fertilizer 200kg/ mu and MAP 10kg/ mu, and disposable the applying when fertilization time of base fertilizer is whole ground topdressed 4 times with composite fertilizer, transplants 10kg/ mu after 7 days; Imposed respectively afterwards 20 kg/ mus for 3 times every 15 days.
3. potato base fertilizer is fertilizer 200kg/ mu and superphosphate 20kg/ mu, disposable the applying when fertilization time of base fertilizer is whole ground; Topdress for the 1st time emerge after the 10th day with composite fertilizer 12kg/ mu, topdress for the 2nd time emerge after the 25th day with composite fertilizer 15kg/ mu.
The daily management of corn, broccoli, potato is carried out according to a conventional method.
The output of corn is 454kg/ mu, and in 2.5 yuan/kg, the output value of corn is 1135 yuan/mu; The output of broccoli is 776kg/ mu, and in 3.5 yuan/kg, the output value of broccoli is 2716 yuan/mu; The output of potato is 1268kg/ mu, and in 2.5 yuan/kg, the output value of potato is 3170 yuan/mu; Three totals, the output value of processing 1 is 7021 yuan/mu.
, process 2 except following measure difference, all the other measures are identical with processing 1:
2.1 implantation methods is corn and broccoli or potato intercropping:
1. corn and broccoli intercropping, 1 row corn intercrop, 4 row broccolis form the field layout of 1 row corn, one furrow and 4 row broccolis, one furrow;
2. broccoli is gathered in the crops rear intercropping 4 row potatos, forms the field layout of 1 row corn, one furrow and 4 row potatos, one furrow;
2.2 kind is planted specification and is:
1. Row spacing of maize 270cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, planting density 1440 strain/mus;
2. the broccoli narrow row is apart from 60cm, wide line-spacing 90cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, planting density 3200 strain/mus;
3. the potato narrow row is apart from 60cm, wide line-spacing 90cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, planting density 3500 strain/mus.
The output of corn is 284kg/ mu, and in 2.5 yuan/kg, the output value of corn is 710 yuan/mu; The output of broccoli is 816kg/ mu, and in 3.5 yuan/kg, the output value of broccoli is 2856 yuan/mu; The output of potato is 1393kg/ mu, and in 2.5 yuan/kg, the output value of potato is 3483 yuan/mu; Three totals, the output value of processing 2 is 7049 yuan/mu.
, process 3 except following measure difference, all the other measures are identical with processing 1:
3.1 implantation methods is corn and broccoli or potato intercropping:
1. corn and broccoli intercropping, 1 row corn intercrop, 3 row broccolis form the field layout of 1 row corn, one furrow and 3 row broccolis, one furrow;
2. broccoli is gathered in the crops rear intercropping 3 row potatos, forms the field layout of 1 row corn, one furrow and 3 row potatos, one furrow.
3.2 kind is planted specification and is:
1. Row spacing of maize 210cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, planting density 1875 strain/mus;
2. the broccoli narrow row is apart from 60cm, wide line-spacing 90cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, planting density 3000 strain/mus;
3. the potato narrow row is apart from 60cm, wide line-spacing 90cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, planting density 3350 strain/mus.
The output of corn is 350kg/ mu, and in 2.5 yuan/kg, the output value of corn is 875 yuan/mu; The output of broccoli is 794kg/ mu, and in 3.5 yuan/kg, the output value of broccoli is 2779 yuan/mu; The output of potato is 1346kg/ mu, and in 2.5 yuan/kg, the output value of potato is 3365 yuan/mu; Three totals, the output value of processing 3 is 7019 yuan/mu.
Contrast 1 is:
1. the line-spacing nonoculture such as broccoli, specification is line-spacing 80 cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, planting density 2800 strain/mus;
2. nonoculture potato again after the broccoli results, the line-spacing nonocultures such as potato, specification is line-spacing 70cm,
Spacing in the rows 27cm, planting density 3500 strain/mus;
3. the fertilising of broccoli and potato and daily management are with processing 1.
The output of broccoli is 887kg/ mu, and in 3.5 yuan/kg, the output value of broccoli is 3104 yuan/mu; The output of potato is 1522kg/ mu, and in 2.5 yuan/kg, the output value of potato is 3805 yuan/mu; Two totals, the output value of contrast 1 is 6909 yuan/mu.
Contrast 2 is:
The line-spacing nonocultures such as corn, specification are line-spacing 80cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, planting density 3900 strain/mus.Fertilising and daily management are with processing 1.
The output of corn is 642.4kg/ mu, and in 2.5 yuan/kg, the output value of contrast 2 is 1606 yuan/mu.
More than each impact effect of processing the farmland pollution of area source see table 1 for details.
Figure 625540DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
TN represents total nitrogen in the table 1, and TP represents total phosphorus, and SS represents suspension, all is to record by the national standard method in " water and effluent monitoring analytical method " (the 4th edition); The rate of subduing (%) in the table all is and contrast 1 ratio; process 1,2,3 with contrast 1 to compare the output value suitable; but subduing rate contrast 1 obviously improves; subduing rate contrast 2 improves little; but the output value is significantly improved, and shows: the inventive method can guarantee the output value, has ensured peasant's income; can control especially significantly the farmland pollution of area source again, preserve the ecological environment.

Claims (2)

1. utilize the implantation methods of corn and broccoli, potato intercropping control farmland pollution of area source, may further comprise the steps:
Corn and broccoli or potato intercropping, described corn and broccoli or potato intercropping are by the field layout plantation of 1 row corn, one furrow and 2 row broccolis, one furrow, after the broccoli results, field layout by 1 row corn, one furrow and 2 row potatos, one furrow, intercropping 2 row potatos, the plantation specification is: Row spacing of maize 150cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, planting density 2500 strain/mus, the broccoli narrow row is apart from 60 cm, wide line-spacing 90cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, planting density 2800 strain/mus, the potato narrow row is apart from 60 cm, wide line-spacing 90cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, planting density 3200 strain/mus; Or described corn and broccoli or potato intercropping are planted by 1 row corn, one furrow and the field layout of 3 row broccolis, one furrow, after the broccoli results, field layout by 1 row corn, one furrow and 3 row potatos, one furrow, intercropping 3 row potatos, the plantation specification is: Row spacing of maize 210cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, planting density 1875 strain/mus, the broccoli narrow row is apart from 60cm, wide line-spacing 90cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, planting density 3000 strain/mus, the potato narrow row is apart from 60cm, wide line-spacing 90cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, planting density 3350 strain/mus; Or described corn and broccoli or potato intercropping are planted by 1 row corn, one furrow and the field layout of 4 row broccolis, one furrow, after the broccoli results, field layout by 1 row corn, one furrow and 4 row potatos, one furrow, intercropping 4 row potatos, the plantation specification is: Row spacing of maize 270cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, planting density 1440 strain/mus, the broccoli narrow row is apart from 60cm, wide line-spacing 90cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, planting density 3200 strain/mus; The potato narrow row is apart from 60cm, wide line-spacing 90cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, planting density 3500 strain/mus.
2. the implantation methods that utilizes corn and broccoli, potato intercropping control farmland pollution of area source according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
1. the base fertilizer of corn is fertilizer and MAP, disposable the applying when fertilization time of base fertilizer is whole ground, and described fertilizer is pig manure, the consumption of fertilizer is 100kg/ mu, the P in the described MAP 2O 5Content 〉=45%, the content of the total nitrogen in the MAP (N) 〉=9.0%, the consumption of MAP are 15kg/ mu; At seedling stage and the fringe phase spraying fertilizer of corn, described topdressing is urea, the content of the total nitrogen of described urea (N) 〉=46.0%, and seedling stage, used amount of urea was 10 kg/ mus, the fringe phase, used amount of urea was 20kg/ mu; Described percentage is mass fraction;
2. the base fertilizer of broccoli is fertilizer and MAP, used fertilizer and the MAP of described fertilizer and MAP and the base fertilizer of corn is identical, its Rate of Organic Fertilizer is 200kg/ mu, and the consumption of MAP is 10kg/ mu, disposable the applying when fertilization time of base fertilizer is whole ground; Topdress 4 times with composite fertilizer, described composite fertilizer is Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, its N ︰ P 2O 5︰ K 2O is 15 ︰, 15 ︰ 15, transplants at broccoli and executes 10kg/ mu in rear the 7th day; Imposed respectively afterwards 20kg/ mu for 3 times every 15 days;
3. the base fertilizer of potato is fertilizer and superphosphate, the end of described fertilizer and corn
Fertile used fertilizer is identical, the P in the superphosphate 2O 5Content 〉=16.0%, the consumption of fertilizer is 200kg/ mu, the consumption of superphosphate is 20kg/ mu, disposable the applying when fertilization time of base fertilizer is whole ground; Topdressing of potato is composite fertilizer, and the used composite fertilizer of described composite fertilizer and broccoli is identical, topdresses and executes 2 times, and topdressing for the 1st time is to use composite fertilizer 12kg/ mu after emerging on the 10th day, and topdressing for the 2nd time is to use composite fertilizer 15kg/ mu after emerging on the 25th day; Described percentage is mass fraction.
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