CN103951528B - A kind of control mistake type composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of control mistake type composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of control mistake type composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof, belong to agricultural fertilizer technical field.This control mistake type composite fertilizer comprises control mistake type fertilizer additive, and described control mistake type fertilizer additive and the weight ratio of fertilizer are=1-8:100; Described control mistake type fertilizer additive comprises the following raw material according to weight parts: wilkinite 39.75-49.50 part, montmorillonite 39.75-49.50 part, polyacrylamide 1.00-14.50 part, chitosan 0-0.50 part, sodium nitrophenolate 0-1.00 part, DMPP? 0-0.50 part and DA-6? 0-1.00 part.It is long that this fertilizer has fertilizer efficiency, and the feature of environmental protection is good, low cost and other advantages, and can not only not run off by the nutrient effectively in Wrapped fertilizer, also not affecting the absorption of crop to fertilizer, thus reach long-acting object, is a kind of desirable environment-friendly type fertilizer.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural fertilizer technical field, be specifically related to a kind of control mistake type composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
China is large agricultural country, and rate of fertilizer also ranks among the best in the whole world.But, because the water pollutions that fertilizer loss causes is also quite serious.Controlling the loss of fertilizer, is the matter of utmost importance reducing water pollutions.The outer a lot of scientific research institution of Present Domestic all can meet plant growth demand in research and development, reduces the new-type fertilizer of nutrient loss.Existing slow-release fertilizer or Controlled Release Fertilizer are to slow down the release of fertilizer with film-coating technique, thus reach and slow down fertilizer release rate, this kind of fertilizer can only according to its specific speed release fertilizer, and fully can not meet the regulation of fertilizer requirement of crop, and production cost is higher, be difficult to be accepted by vast farmers, be unfavorable for large-scale promotion application, research and develop a kind of more environmental protection, more effective, more economical, more practical control mistake technology has become agriculture production problem demanding prompt solution.
China widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area problem is more serious in addition.Widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area occurs in region, agriculture and countryside, refer in life in the countryside and Agricultural Activities, pollutent that is that dissolve or solid, as the organic or inorganic material such as the grogs in farmland, nitrogen, phosphorus element, agricultural chemicals heavy metal, rural area fowl and animal excrement and domestic refuse, from unspecific region, under precipitation and runoff souring, by agricultural surface runoff, farmland drainage and underground leakage, a large amount of pollutent is made to enter pollution caused by receiving water body (river, lake, reservoir, bay).Wherein main factor is exactly the water pollution that a large amount of losses of fertilizer cause.Only have and effectively control fertilizer loss, effectively could alleviate water pollution, so develop a kind of low-cost environment-friendly chemical fertilizer control mistake technology to seem very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of control mistake type composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof, it is long that this fertilizer has fertilizer efficiency, and the feature of environmental protection is good, low cost and other advantages.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of control mistake type composite fertilizer, comprise control mistake type fertilizer additive, described control mistake type fertilizer additive and the weight ratio of fertilizer are=1-8:100;
Described control mistake type fertilizer additive comprises the following raw material according to weight parts: wilkinite 39.75-49.50 part, montmorillonite 39.75-49.50 part, polyacrylamide 1.00-14.50 part, chitosan 0-0.50 part, sodium nitrophenolate 0-1.00 part, DMPP0-0.50 part and DA-60-1.00 part.
Described control mistake type fertilizer comprises the following raw material according to weight parts: monoammonium phosphate 4.5-35.0 part, ammonium nitrate 24.6-44.6 part, ammonium sulfate 1.5-11.5 part, potassium sulfate 22.0-47.0 part, Repone K 1.0-9.0 part, borax 0.2-2.0 part, zinc sulfate 0.2-2.0 part, magnesium sulfate 0.2-10.0 part, diammonium phosphate 0-20.0 part, saltpetre 0-40.0 part, ammonium chloride 0-38.0 part, bicarbonate of ammonia 0-15.0 part, ammonium nitrate phosphorus 0-35.0 part, urea 0-20.0 part, general calcium 0-20.0 part, coarse whiting 0-15.0 part and control mistake type fertilizer additive 0.99-7.41 part.
Nitrogen (N) in described control mistake type compound fertilizer formula: phosphorus (P
2o
5): potassium (K
2o) nutritional quality ratio is 4-20:4-18:4-32.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method controlling mistake type composite fertilizer, comprises the steps:
Step (1): according to weight parts, weigh monoammonium phosphate 4.5-35.0 part, ammonium nitrate 24.6-44.6 part, ammonium sulfate 1.5-11.5 part, potassium sulfate 22.0-47.0 part, Repone K 1.0-9.0 part, borax 0.2-2.0 part, zinc sulfate 0.2-2.0 part, magnesium sulfate 0.2-10.0 part, diammonium phosphate 0-20.0 part, saltpetre 0-40.0 part, ammonium chloride 0-38.0 part, bicarbonate of ammonia 0-15.0 part, ammonium nitrate phosphorus 0-35.0 part, urea 0-20.0 part, general calcium 0-20.0 part and coarse whiting 0-15.0 part, then physical mixed is even, for subsequent use, obtain mixed fertilizer;
Step (2): 0.99-7.41 part control mistake type fertilizer additive is joined in the obtained mixed fertilizer of step (1) and fully mixes, all jointly carry out the conventional granulation of composite fertilizer with rear to mixing, namely obtain control mistake type composite fertilizer.
With nitrogen (N) in formula: phosphorus (P
2o
5): potassium (K
2o) nutritional quality ratio is 15:6:20 is example, and the technical indicator of control mistake type composite fertilizer of the present invention is: nitrogen (N)>=15%; Phosphorus (P
2o
5)>=6%; Potassium (K
2o)>=20%.The control mistake type fertilizer additive of this product is evenly distributed, and has good loss controlling.
The control mistake type composite fertilizer that the present invention produces compares with existing ordinary compound fertilizer and has the following advantages:
1, fertilizer efficiency is long; Controlled release agent can form a floccular network structure in soil, and the nutrient in effective Wrapped fertilizer does not run off, and does not but affect the absorption of crop to fertilizer, thus reaches long-acting object;
2, more environmental protection; Because of the loss controlling of fertilizer, effectively can reduce fertilizer loss, minimizing nitrogen, phosphorus to the pollution of soil, water body, thus reach the object of protection of the environment.Meanwhile, be described as natural nano-material as the wilkinite and montmorillonite controlling mistake type fertilizer additive, come from nature, be attributed to nature, harmless to environment, also there is the effect improving Soil structure;
3, cost is low; Because control mistake type composite fertilizer effectively can reduce loss, extend fertilizer efficiency, so overall rate of fertilizer application can be reduced, thus reduce production cost;
4, fertilizer loss is controlled: it is 50%-80% that this control mistake type composite fertilizer controls mistake rate compared with ordinary compound fertilizer, effectively can control fertilizer loss.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that control mistake type composite fertilizer of the present invention is on the cylindricality schematic diagram of the impact of Chinese cabbage surviving rate;
Fig. 2 is that control mistake type composite fertilizer of the present invention is on the cylindricality schematic diagram of the impact of the Chinese cabbage number of sheets;
Fig. 3 is that control mistake type composite fertilizer of the present invention is on the cylindricality schematic diagram of the impact of Chinese cabbage plant height;
Fig. 4 is the cylindricality schematic diagram of control mistake type composite fertilizer of the present invention on the impact of Chinese cabbage hat width;
Fig. 5 be control mistake type composite fertilizer of the present invention at the experimental plot distribution schematic diagram that planting asparagus is tested, 11-process 1,12-process 2,13-process 3,14-process 4,15-process 5.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention is as without particular requirement, and the medicine used and instrument are common commercially available prod.
Wherein, DMPP chemical name is 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt
DA-6 chemical name is diethylamino ethanol caproate.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment control mistake type fertilizer additive is: according to weight parts by wilkinite 39.75 parts, and montmorillonite 39.75 parts and polyacrylamide 1.00 parts mix, and obtains control mistake type fertilizer additive;
A kind of mistake type fertilizer of controlling comprises following raw material according to weight parts: monoammonium phosphate 4.5 parts, 24.6 parts, ammonium nitrate, 1.5 parts, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate 22.0 parts, 1.0 parts, Repone K, borax 0.2 part, 0.2 part, zinc sulfate, 0.2 part, magnesium sulfate and control mistake type fertilizer additive 0.99 part.
Nitrogen (N) in this control mistake type compound fertilizer formula: phosphorus (P
2o
5): potassium (K
2o) nutritional quality ratio is 16:4:21.
The preparation method of the present embodiment control mistake type composite fertilizer, comprises the steps:
Step (1): according to weight parts, weighs the monoammonium phosphate of above-mentioned weight, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, Repone K, borax, zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate, and then physical mixed is even, for subsequent use, obtains mixed fertilizer;
Step (2): joined by the control mistake type fertilizer additive of above-mentioned parts by weight in the obtained mixed fertilizer of step (1) and fully mix, all carries out the conventional granulation of composite fertilizer with rear jointly to mixing, namely obtains control mistake type composite fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment control mistake type fertilizer additive is: according to weight parts by wilkinite 49.50 parts, montmorillonite 49.50 parts, polyacrylamide 14.50 parts, chitosan 0.50 part, sodium nitrophenolate 1.00 parts, DMPP0.50 part and DA-61.00 part mix, and obtain control mistake type fertilizer additive;
A kind of mistake type fertilizer of controlling comprises following raw material according to weight parts: monoammonium phosphate 35.0 parts, 44.6 parts, ammonium nitrate, 11.5 parts, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate 47.0 parts, 9.0 parts, Repone K, borax 2.0 parts, 2.0 parts, zinc sulfate, 10.0 parts, magnesium sulfate, diammonium phosphate 20.0 parts, 40.0 parts, saltpetre, ammonium chloride 38.0 parts, 15.0 parts, bicarbonate of ammonia, 35.0 parts, ammonium nitrate phosphorus, 20.0 parts, urea, general calcium 20.0 parts, coarse whiting 15.0 parts and control mistake type fertilizer additive 7.41 parts.
Nitrogen (N) in this control mistake type compound fertilizer formula: phosphorus (P
2o
5): potassium (K
2o) nutritional quality ratio is 14:10:12.
The preparation method of the present embodiment control mistake type composite fertilizer, comprises the steps:
Step (1): according to weight parts, weighs the monoammonium phosphate of above-mentioned weight, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, Repone K, borax, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, saltpetre, urea, ammonium chloride, bicarbonate of ammonia, ammonium nitrate phosphorus, general calcium and coarse whiting, then physical mixed is even, for subsequent use, obtains mixed fertilizer;
Step (2): joined by the control mistake type fertilizer additive of above-mentioned parts by weight in the obtained mixed fertilizer of step (1) and fully mix, all carries out the conventional granulation of composite fertilizer with rear jointly to mixing, namely obtains control mistake type composite fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment control mistake type fertilizer additive is: according to weight parts by wilkinite 42.20 parts, montmorillonite 45.00 parts, polyacrylamide 9.50 parts, chitosan 0.30 part, sodium nitrophenolate 0.70 part, DMPP0.25 part and DA-60.48 part mix, and obtain control mistake type fertilizer additive;
A kind of mistake type fertilizer of controlling comprises following raw material according to weight parts: monoammonium phosphate 20.0 parts, 40.0 parts, ammonium nitrate, 8.5 parts, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate 35.0 parts, 6.0 parts, Repone K, borax 1.0 parts, 1.2 parts, zinc sulfate, 5.3 parts, magnesium sulfate, diammonium phosphate 12.0 parts, 10.0 parts, saltpetre, ammonium chloride 30.0 parts, 7.0 parts, bicarbonate of ammonia, 15.0 parts, ammonium nitrate phosphorus, 6.0 parts, urea, general calcium 8.0 parts, coarse whiting 5.0 parts and control mistake type fertilizer additive 2.1 parts.
Nitrogen (N) in this control mistake type compound fertilizer formula: phosphorus (P
2o
5): potassium (K
2o) nutritional quality ratio is 14:9:12.
The preparation method of the present embodiment control mistake type composite fertilizer, comprises the steps:
Step (1): according to weight parts, weighs the monoammonium phosphate of above-mentioned weight, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, Repone K, borax, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, saltpetre, urea, ammonium chloride, bicarbonate of ammonia, ammonium nitrate phosphorus, general calcium and coarse whiting, then physical mixed is even, for subsequent use, obtains mixed fertilizer;
Step (2): joined by the control mistake type fertilizer additive of above-mentioned parts by weight in the obtained mixed fertilizer of step (1) and fully mix, all carries out the conventional granulation of composite fertilizer with rear jointly to mixing, namely obtains control mistake type composite fertilizer.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment control mistake type fertilizer additive is: according to weight parts by wilkinite 44.60 parts, montmorillonite 40.00 parts, polyacrylamide 7.60 parts, chitosan 0.38 part, sodium nitrophenolate 0.64 part, DMPP0.20 part and DA-60.40 part mix, and obtain control mistake type fertilizer additive;
A kind of mistake type fertilizer of controlling comprises following raw material according to weight parts: monoammonium phosphate 15.5 parts, 35.0 parts, ammonium nitrate, 3.0 parts, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate 25.0 parts, 2.0 parts, Repone K, borax 0.3 part, 0.3 part, zinc sulfate, 0.4 part, magnesium sulfate, 3.0 parts, saltpetre, ammonium chloride 3.5 parts, 2.5 parts, bicarbonate of ammonia, coarse whiting 2.0 parts and control mistake type fertilizer additive 7.4 parts.
Nitrogen (N) in this control mistake type compound fertilizer formula: phosphorus (P
2o
5): potassium (K
2o) nutritional quality ratio is 17:9:16.
The preparation method of the present embodiment control mistake type composite fertilizer, comprises the steps:
Step (1): according to weight parts, weighs the monoammonium phosphate of above-mentioned weight, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, Repone K, borax, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, saltpetre, ammonium chloride, bicarbonate of ammonia and coarse whiting, then physical mixed is even, for subsequent use, obtains mixed fertilizer;
Step (2): joined by the control mistake type fertilizer additive of above-mentioned parts by weight in the obtained mixed fertilizer of step (1) and fully mix, all carries out the conventional granulation of composite fertilizer with rear jointly to mixing, namely obtains control mistake type composite fertilizer.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment control mistake type fertilizer additive is: according to weight parts by wilkinite 45.20 parts, montmorillonite 48.50 parts, polyacrylamide 11.50 parts, sodium nitrophenolate 0.50 part, and DA-60.25 part mixes, and obtains control mistake type fertilizer additive;
A kind of mistake type fertilizer of controlling comprises following raw material according to weight parts: monoammonium phosphate 8.0 parts, 32.0 parts, ammonium nitrate, 6.5 parts, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate 35.5 parts, 5.0 parts, Repone K, borax 1.5 parts, 0.8 part, zinc sulfate, 5.5 parts, magnesium sulfate, diammonium phosphate 12.5 parts, 8.5 parts, bicarbonate of ammonia, ammonium chloride 12.5 parts, 20.5 parts, urea, general calcium 15.0 parts and control mistake type fertilizer additive 6.5 parts.
Nitrogen (N) in this control mistake type compound fertilizer formula: phosphorus (P
2o
5): potassium (K
2o) nutritional quality ratio is 14:7:15.
The preparation method of the present embodiment control mistake type composite fertilizer, comprises the steps:
Step (1): according to weight parts, weighs the monoammonium phosphate of above-mentioned weight, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, Repone K, borax, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, urea, bicarbonate of ammonia and general calcium, then physical mixed is even, for subsequent use, obtains mixed fertilizer;
Step (2): joined by the control mistake type fertilizer additive of above-mentioned parts by weight in the obtained mixed fertilizer of step (1) and fully mix, all carries out the conventional granulation of composite fertilizer with rear jointly to mixing, namely obtains control mistake type composite fertilizer.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment control mistake type fertilizer additive is: according to weight parts by wilkinite 43.60 parts, montmorillonite 47.40 parts, polyacrylamide 7.56 parts, and chitosan 0.40 part and sodium nitrophenolate 0.30 part mix, and obtains control mistake type fertilizer additive;
A kind of mistake type fertilizer of controlling comprises following raw material according to weight parts: monoammonium phosphate 32.0 parts, 40.0 parts, ammonium nitrate, 5.5 parts, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate 35.2 parts, 3.5 parts, Repone K, borax 0.8 part, 1.3 parts, zinc sulfate, 0.5 part, magnesium sulfate, 12.0 parts, bicarbonate of ammonia, 25.0 parts, ammonium nitrate phosphorus, coarse whiting 8.0 parts and control mistake type fertilizer additive 7.0 parts.
Nitrogen (N) in this control mistake type compound fertilizer formula: phosphorus (P
2o
5): potassium (K
2o) nutritional quality ratio is 17:12:12.
The preparation method of the present embodiment control mistake type composite fertilizer, comprises the steps:
Step (1): according to weight parts, weighs the monoammonium phosphate of above-mentioned weight, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, Repone K, borax, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, bicarbonate of ammonia, ammonium nitrate phosphorus, general calcium and coarse whiting, and then physical mixed is even, for subsequent use, obtains mixed fertilizer;
Step (2): joined by the control mistake type fertilizer additive of above-mentioned parts by weight in the obtained mixed fertilizer of step (1) and fully mix, all carries out the conventional granulation of composite fertilizer with rear jointly to mixing, namely obtains control mistake type composite fertilizer.
Control mistake type composite fertilizer of the present invention is tested:
Test the impact that a control mistake type composite fertilizer of the present invention is produced Chinese cabbage
One, test objective
Embodiment 5 being controlled mistake type composite fertilizer is applied on Chinese cabbage with the ordinary compound fertilizer not adding controlled release agent, by the investigation of each phase data of the Chinese cabbage of different treatment and record, and the data such as the field fertilization effect of checking control mistake type composite fertilizer and control mistake rate.
Two, materials and methods
1, for trial crops: Plantula Brassicae chinensis;
2, for the fertilizer of test: embodiment 5 controls mistake type composite fertilizer, ordinary compound fertilizer, wherein, ordinary compound fertilizer is not for adding control mistake type fertilizer additive, but identical with the control mistake type composite fertilizer of embodiment 5 of other compositions;
3, test site: Qinglong Zhen Yu Long pasture, Anning City, Kunming, Yunnan Province plant area of Yunnan Yunye Fertilizer Co., Ltd. booth, chooses smooth in booth, neatly, and fertility, the uniform plot of irrigation and drainage.
4, test design
Test design process 3, each process is transplanted or sowing 30 strains, and the fertilizer for test is powdery, every strain rate of fertilizer application 10g, and respectively process except the difference of applying fertilizer, other conditions are all identical.Concrete contents processing is as table 1:
Table 1
| Process numbering | Contents processing | Remarks |
| A | Do not apply fertilizer | |
| B | Ordinary compound fertilizer | Do not add any control and lose composition |
| C | Embodiment 5 controls mistake type composite fertilizer | Add the composite fertilizer of controlled release agent |
Three, test operation and investigation records
1, beat the pool before sowing or transplanting, seeding row spacing is arranged according to 30 × 30, the mode that fertilizer all adopts the base fertilizer pool to execute.
2, sowing or transplanting are handed on the basis of sufficient water, water once every 10 days later, and the Agronomic trait of observed and recorded Chinese cabbage.
Four, testing data
Testing data is as table 2:
Table 2
Above-mentioned data analysis is mapped, obtain column diagram as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 4, as can be seen from upper table and Fig. 1 ~ 4, using the process that embodiment 5 controls mistake type composite fertilizer is all best from surviving rate, the number of sheets, plant height, hat width, next is ordinary compound fertilizer, and the poorest is the blank do not applied fertilizer.
Can obtain conclusion thus, embodiment 5 is controlled mistake type composite fertilizer and is really had that consumption is few, fertilizer efficiency is long, the effect of Anti-lost, is the new-type fertilizer of high-quality.
Test two application of control mistake type composite fertilizer of the present invention on planting asparagus
The measures of fertilizer of current Milei County asparagus cultivation is still more traditional, not enough to the attention degree of organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer quality selected is not good, generally selects the ox of simple retting, sheep excrement, amount of application about 1000 kgs/acre, use 2 times every year, after being respectively winter receipts and after retain the stubble, turning over after winter receipts and bury, turn over after retain the stubble into ditch, the annual winter uses once general calcium after receiving, and 70 kgs/acre, turns over and buries.In addition, topdress and generally straight fertilizer is dissolved in water reservoir, utilize drip irrigation equipment to drip and execute, within 15-20 days, drip and execute once, use 20 kgs/acre, urea, potassium sulfate 10 kgs/acre, total fertilization amount is larger at every turn, both caused the waste of fertilizer, also destroyed soil regime, soil have harden, salinization phenomenon.
Not good for local organic fertilizer quality, and transport and deposit the situation of inconvenience, select high-quality organic fertilizer to improve soil physical chemistry situation, promote the thrive of asparagus root system, and Commodity Organic Fertilizer be convenient to transport and deposit, becoming thoroughly decomposed thoroughly, use safety.Select the control mistake type high-quality composite fertilizer that effectively can improve utilization rate of fertilizer to reduce rate of fertilizer application and fertilizer application frequency, reduce production cost.This test is selected embodiment 2 to control several different fertilizer such as mistake type composite fertilizer and " Yun Ye " organic fertilizer on the planting asparagus of Milei County, is launched research, to providing more reasonably fertilizer for local asparagus produces, promotes the Sustainable development that asparagus produces.
1 materials and methods
1.1 test materials
1.1.1 test site
Test site is positioned at Na An village Teng Yun agricultural development company limited's planting asparagus base, bamboo plantation town, Honghe state, Yunnan Province Milei County, test area 0.5 mu.
1.1.2 test period
On 07 19th, 2011 on 09 20th, 2011.
1.1.3 for examination material
Test kind is Jesse Nat (2 years bamboo shoot).
1.1.4 fertilizer is tested
For examination fertilizer: farm manure (sheep excrement), urea (N>=46%), general calcium (P
2o
5>=16%), potassium sulfate (K
2o>=50%), " Yun Ye " organic fertilizer, " Yun Ye " biological organic fertilizer, embodiment 2 control mistake type composite fertilizer, ordinary compound fertilizer, wherein, " Yun Ye " organic fertilizer, " Yun Ye " biological organic fertilizer are all purchased from Yunnan Yunye Fertilizer Co., Ltd., ordinary compound fertilizer is not for adding control mistake type fertilizer additive, but identical with the control mistake type composite fertilizer of embodiment 2 of other compositions.
1.2 test method
1.2.1 Treatment Design is tested
Concrete test Treatment Design is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
5 process are established in this test, and repeat for 3 times, Gong15Ge community, each community completely random arranges.Each process is except the kind of applying fertilizer is different with proportioning, and other production measure is consistent, manages according to local high-quality asparagus cultivation technique.
nutrient content table
This test nutrient content table is as shown in table 4.Wherein, process two is identical with process one (CK) amount of nitrogen, and process three and process four comparatively process one (CK) and reduce amount of nitrogen 30%.
Table 4
1.2.3 experimental plot design
Experimental plot distribution as shown in Figure 5.
1.3 investigation records
1.3.1 economical character investigation statistics
Each process random selecting 5 strain asparagus, observed and recorded Agronomic characteristic, as plant height, stem girth, strain number etc.
1.3.2 output investigation statistics
Output is added up respectively by different treatment.
2 interpretations of result
2.1 use " Yun Ye " organic fertilizer to the impact of asparagus economical character
The different organic fertilizer of table 5 is on the impact of economical character
As shown in Table 5, before first time topdresses, the average plant height of process two exceeds process one (CK) 14.00cm, increases by 10.94%; Average stem girth exceeds process one (CK) 0.15cm, increases by 4.31%; Average strain number exceeds process one (CK) 0.70 strain, increases by 11.11%.
After second time is topdressed, the average plant height of process two exceeds process one (CK) 5.00cm, increases by 3.60%; Average stem girth exceeds process one (CK) 0.19cm, increases by 5.16%; Average strain number exceeds process one (CK) 1.40 strain, increases by 18.18%.
From variable rate technology, process two growing ways each period all significantly more than process one (CK), this may be because " Yun Ye " organic fertilizer is at chessom, the content of humic acid strengthened in ventilation property, increase soil, improve soil ulmin active, the mobility aspect strengthening Soil Microorganism is more effective.
Compared with applications of farmyard manure, the rotten degree of " Yun Ye " organic fertilizer is better, and nutrient supply is more sufficient, comprehensive, meets the growth requirement of asparagus better, and improves Soil Micro-environment, promotes the root system development of asparagus.
2.2 reduce rate of fertilizer application to the impact of asparagus economical character
The different amount of nitrogen of table 6 is on the impact of asparagus economical character
As can be seen from Table 6, before topdressing for the first time, process three is compared with process two, and growing way is slightly good.The average plant height of process three is identical with process two; Average stem girth exceeds process two 0.07cm, increases by 1.91%; Average strain number exceeds process 3 1.20 strain, increases by 17.14%.
After second time is topdressed, process three is compared with process two, and growing way is slightly weak.The average plant height of process three, lower than process two 1.00cm, reduces 0.70%; Average stem girth exceeds process two 0.01cm, increases by 0.26%; Average strain number, lower than process 2 0.70 strain, reduces 8.33%.
Before topdressing for the first time, process four is compared with process two, and economical character respectively has quality, and the average plant height of process four, lower than process two 5.00cm, reduces 3.65%; Average stem girth exceeds process two 0.01cm, increases by 0.27%; Average strain number exceeds process 2 0.40 strain, increases by 5.71%.
And after topdressing for the second time, process four is compared with process two, every economical character all has a clear superiority in, and the average plant height of process four exceeds process two 9.00cm, increases by 5.9%; Average stem girth exceeds process two 0.35cm, increases by 8.3%; Average strain number exceeds process 23 strain, increases by 30%.
The amount of nitrogen of process two is consistent with process one (CK) amount of nitrogen, and process three and process four all comparatively process the amount of nitrogen that two decrease 30%, but variable rate technology is slightly different.Process three and the growing way no significant difference processing two, the conventional amount of nitrogen of possibility is excessive, after subtracting nitrogen fertilising, still can meet the nutritional needs of asparagus.Process four, compared with process two, is controlled mistake type composite fertilizer due to embodiment 2 and is effectively reduced nutrient loss, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, so its growing way is obviously better than process two.
2.2 embodiments 2 control mistake type composite fertilizer to the impact of asparagus economical character
Table 7 complex fertilizer produced by different fertilizer is on the impact of asparagus economical character
This region is positioned at experimental field edge, and soil property is more dry, and the gradient is large, and nutrient loss situation is serious, and the growing way of this region asparagus is obviously more weak.
As can be seen from Table 7, the average plant height of process four exceeds process one (CK) 50.00cm, increases by 51.55%; Average stem girth exceeds process one (CK) 1.78cm, increases by 91.28%; Average strain number exceeds process one (CK) 4.40 strain, increases by 88.00%.
Process four is compared with process three, and process four average plant heights exceed process three 15.00cm, increase by 11.36%; Average stem girth exceeds process three 0.49cm, increases by 11.36%.; Average strain number exceedes process 3 1.20 strain, increases by 14.63%.
Although subtract nitrogen fertilising, because embodiment 2 controls the characteristic of mistake type composite fertilizer, can with Zinc fractions coacervate, effectively reduce nutrient loss, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, the nutrient supply of process four is sufficient, so growing way is obviously better than process one (CK) and processes three.
Process three may owing to application of " Yun Ye " organic fertilizer, inorganic nutrients can be adsorbed, shock absorption is played to the supply intensity of chemical fertilizer, improve the microecosystem of soil, improve soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, to continue in deliverability than process one (CK) advantageously, to be less than process one (CK) with the gap of process four at minimizing nutrient loss and nutrient.
2.3 same process are in the impact of different zones on asparagus economical character
After table 8 topdresses for the second time, the asparagus economical character of different zones compares
As can be seen from Table 8, every agronomic trait of process one (CK) is at different zones significant difference, wherein average plant height central region exceedes fringe region 42.00cm, increase by 43.30%, average stem girth central region exceedes fringe region 1.73cm, increase by 88.72%, average strain number central region exceedes fringe region 2.70 strain, increases by 54.00%;
Every agronomic trait of process three is more obvious in different zones difference, wherein average plant height central region exceedes fringe region 11.00cm, increase by 8.33%, average stem girth central region exceedes fringe region 0.64cm, increase by 19.75%, average strain number central region exceedes fringe region 0.20 strain, increases by 2.44%.
Every agronomic trait of process four is relatively little in different zones difference, wherein average plant height central region exceedes fringe region 4.00cm, increase by 2.72%, average stem girth central region exceedes fringe region 0.29cm, increase by 7.77%, average strain number central region exceedes fringe region 0.60 strain, increases by 6.38%;
Can be found out by field growing way and enquiry data, under hostile environment, the asparagus growing way using ordinary compound fertilizer is obviously weaker than normal region, and use asparagus growing way and the normal region no significant difference that embodiment 2 controls mistake type fertilizer, illustrate that embodiment 2 controls mistake type fertilizer obvious to the control effects of nutrient loss, greatly improve plant recovery of nutrient.
2.4 different treatment are on the impact of Yield of Asparagus
The Yield of Asparagus of table 9 different treatment
As can be seen from Table 9, in output, the conventional output of the output of process one (ck) and locality is basically identical, and other process output have raising in various degree respectively.The output wherein processing two exceedes process one (CK) 8040.00kg/hm
2, increase by 44.97%; Process four exceedes process one (CK) 7399.95kg, increases by 41.39%.
The fertilising benefit comparison of 2.4 different treatment
The fertilising cost of table 10 different treatment and the output value
| With fertile cost (unit/hectare) | The output value (unit/hectare) | |
| Process one (CK) | 7402.50 | 357600.00 |
| Process two | 9652.50 | 518400.00 |
| Process three | 12174.72 | 492801.00 |
| Process four | 15648.00 | 505599.00 |
| Process five | 14268.00 | 495999.00 |
Calculate the output value with asparagus average price 20.00 yuan/kilogram, fertilizer cost only remembers the fertile cost of experimental stage.Can find out according to table 10, process two increases by 2250.00 yuan/hectare than process one (CK) cost, but the output value increases by 160800.00 yuan/hectare, has a net increase of income 158550.00 yuan/hectare, increases income 44.34%; Process four increases by 8275.50 yuan/hectare than process one (CK) cost, but the output value increases by 147999.00 yuan/hectare, has a net increase of income 139723.50 yuan/hectare, increases income 39.07%.
Because test formula Determination of Potassium is higher, cause the increase of cost, if reduce the Determination of Potassium in formula, actual effect of increasing production will be more obvious.
conclusion
(1) rate of fertilizer reduces by the process of more than 30%, does not have poor growth, and output reduces, and growing way is better, output also has increase, proves that decrement fertilising is feasible.
(2) by fertilising benefit comparison, use the asparagus output value that " Yun Ye " organic fertilizer and embodiment 2 control mistake type composite fertilizer and increase substantially.
(3) compared with ordinary compound fertilizer, along with the prolongation of breeding time, embodiment 2 controls that mistake type composite fertilizer meets crop alimentary rule, ensures crop alimentary demand, effectively to reduce the feature of nutrient loss further obvious.In nutrient loss critical regions, when fertilizer deficiency phenomenon appears in the asparagus of using ordinary compound fertilizer, use the asparagus that embodiment 2 controls mistake type composite fertilizer and still grow fine.
(4) compared with farm manure, the fertilizer efficiency of " Yun Ye " organic fertilizer is more obvious, and the process growing way of application of organic fertilizers material and output are obviously better than applications of farmyard manure.
Claims (3)
1. control a mistake type composite fertilizer, it is characterized in that comprising control mistake type fertilizer additive, described control mistake type fertilizer additive and the weight ratio of fertilizer are=1-8:100;
Described control mistake type fertilizer additive comprises the following raw material according to weight parts: wilkinite 39.75-49.50 part, montmorillonite 39.75-49.50 part, polyacrylamide 1.00-14.50 part, chitosan 0-0.50 part, sodium nitrophenolate 0-1.00 part, DMPP0-0.50 part and DA-60-1.00 part;
Described control mistake type fertilizer comprises the following raw material according to weight parts: monoammonium phosphate 4.5-35.0 part, ammonium nitrate 24.6-44.6 part, ammonium sulfate 1.5-11.5 part, potassium sulfate 22.0-47.0 part, Repone K 1.0-9.0 part, borax 0.2-2.0 part, zinc sulfate 0.2-2.0 part, magnesium sulfate 0.2-10.0 part, diammonium phosphate 0-20.0 part, saltpetre 0-40.0 part, ammonium chloride 0-38.0 part, bicarbonate of ammonia 0-15.0 part, ammonium nitrate phosphorus 0-35.0 part, urea 0-20.0 part, general calcium 0-20.0 part, coarse whiting 0-15.0 part and control mistake type fertilizer additive 0.99-7.41 part.
2. control mistake type composite fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that nitrogen (N) in described control mistake type compound fertilizer formula: phosphorus (P
2o
5): potassium (K
2o) nutritional quality is than being 4-20:4-18:4-32.
3., based on the preparation method of control mistake type composite fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step (1): according to weight parts, weigh monoammonium phosphate 4.5-35.0 part, ammonium nitrate 24.6-44.6 part, ammonium sulfate 1.5-11.5 part, potassium sulfate 22.0-47.0 part, Repone K 1.0-9.0 part, borax 0.2-2.0 part, zinc sulfate 0.2-2.0 part, magnesium sulfate 0.2-10.0 part, diammonium phosphate 0-20.0 part, saltpetre 0-40.0 part, ammonium chloride 0-38.0 part, bicarbonate of ammonia 0-15.0 part, ammonium nitrate phosphorus 0-35.0 part, urea 0-20.0 part, general calcium 0-20.0 part and coarse whiting 0-15.0 part, then physical mixed is even, for subsequent use, obtain mixed fertilizer;
Step (2): joined in the obtained mixed fertilizer of step (1) by 0.99-7.41 part control mistake type fertilizer additive and fully mix, jointly carrying out the conventional granulation of composite fertilizer afterwards to mixing, namely obtaining control mistake type composite fertilizer.
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