Summary of the invention
The purpose of the embodiment of the invention provides the long-acting special slow-release fertilizer that grows cotton; This cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer be well positioned to meet the Xinjiang cotton at each growth phase to the demand of different fertilizer and adapt to the climatic characteristic in Xinjiang; Thereby improve the Xinjiang output of cotton; For this reason, the present invention also provides the preparation method of this cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer.
The technical scheme taked of the present invention is to achieve these goals: the long-acting special slow-release fertilizer that grows cotton; Said cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer contains the component of following mass percent: nitrogenous fertilizer effective constituent 25.6%; Phosphate fertilizer effective constituent 12.7%; Potash fertilizer effective constituent 6.8%, wilkinite 10.1%-10.6%, long-acting complex fertilizer additive 0.68%-0.87%;
Wherein, contain the smectite that mass percent is 85-90% in the said wilkinite, the mass fraction of each component is in the said long-acting complex fertilizer additive: 2-8 part quinhydrones, 3-25 part Dyhard RU 100,0.1-0.8 part complex rare-earth, 70-95 part zeolite powder.
Further, said cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer is made up of each component of following mass fraction:
296 parts of monoammonium phosphates, Repone K 118-123 part, urea 494-496 part, wilkinite 104-109 part, long-acting complex fertilizer additive 7-9 part;
Wherein: in the monoammonium phosphate mass percent of N element be 11%, P
2O
5Mass percent be 44%, K in the Repone K
2The mass percent of O is more than or equal to 57%, and the mass percent of N element is more than or equal to 46.4% in the urea.
Further, said cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer is made up of each component of following mass ratio: monoammonium phosphate: Repone K: urea: wilkinite: long-acting complex fertilizer additive=296:123:496:104:8;
Wherein: in the monoammonium phosphate mass percent of N element be 11%, P
2O
5Mass percent be 44%, K in the Repone K
2The mass percent of O is 57%, and the mass percent of N element is 46.4% in the urea.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of this cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer, is each component of cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer is mixed back fragmentation, granulation, oven dry, cooling, screening, coating by proportioning, makes cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer.
The beneficial effect that the technical scheme that the embodiment of the invention provides is brought is:
1, contains long-acting complex fertilizer additive in the cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer of the present invention, make the fertilizer efficiency period of cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer extend to 110-130 days, in the cotton growth process of Xinjiang, can topdress;
2, cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer of the present invention adopts the control technique of nitrogen transformation and the technical system that the phosphorus activating technology combines, and the nutrient supply of the cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer of processing is coordinated with the fertilizer requirement for crop growth rule mutually, has improved plant recovery of nutrient.When applying the composite fertilizer of common equal nutrient content by the traditional fertilization method, nitrogen use efficiency is 28.6%-36.37%, use cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer of the present invention after, nitrogen use efficiency is 38.7%-43.7%, has improved 2.33%-15.1%; Phosphorus utilization on average improves 4 percentage points, reaches 19-28%.Under the situation that obtains identical output, cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer phosphorus nutrient consumption of the present invention reduces 1/3;
3, cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer of the present invention is well positioned to meet cotton in the demand of full-bloom stage to nitrogenous fertilizer; Demand in the term of opening bolls to phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer; The climatic characteristic that adapts to Xinjiang, the growth 9%-16% that makes cotton seat bell rate and lint yield when applying common composite fertilizer;
4, cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer of the present invention exempt to topdress, the saving of labor, take all factors into consideration, cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer of the present invention has reduced the input cost of producing;
5, cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer of the present invention is to people and animals and farm crop safety; Less residue in soil and farm crop; Degradation rate reaches 75% then, residual quantity 0.071mg/kg in the soil, low 1400 times of the 100mg/kg of brake specific exhaust emission level of environment achievement (DMEG) standard.The nitrogen amount of drenching reduces 48% after using cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer of the present invention; N
2The O quantity discharged reduces by 53%, significantly reduces nitrogenous fertilizer and uses the environmental pollution that brings; Simultaneously, improve the quality of crop, especially reduced nitrate content in the vegetable crop, helped human health.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The composition of raw materials of cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer of the present invention is following:
(component by following mass fraction is formed: 2 parts of quinhydrones for 296kg monoammonium phosphate, 123kg Repone K, 496kg urea, 104kg wilkinite (contain mass percent be 90% smectite) and 8kg long-acting complex fertilizer additive; 12 parts of Dyhard RU 100s; 0.2 part complex rare-earth; 85.8 wherein: the mass percent of N element is 11% in the monoammonium phosphate, P part zeolite powder),
2O
5Mass percent be 44%, K in the Repone K
2The mass percent of O is 57%, and the mass percent of N element is 46.4% in the urea.
The preparation method of cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer of the present invention is following:
Above-mentioned raw materials is thrown to batch bin continuously, broken through being transported in the crusher by rotary conveyor behind the automatic batching system, cross 60 mesh sieves; Send into the granulation of rotary drum granulator spraying steam again, barrel LV 0.9 meter per second is sent into the raw material after the granulation in the dryer and to be dried; Bake out temperature is 60 ℃, and drying time is 15 minutes, the raw material after the oven dry is sent in the cooler cooled off; Be cooled to below 25 ℃, through one-level screening and secondary screening, filter out the long-acting slowly released nitrogen fertilizer particle of diameter between 2.5mm-4.25mm successively; It is sent into the anti-caking of fertilizer coating machine coating, and metering packing gets cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer of the present invention.
Embodiment 2
The composition of raw materials of cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer of the present invention is following:
(component by following mass fraction is formed: 5 parts of quinhydrones for 296kg monoammonium phosphate, 118kg Repone K, 495kg urea, 108kg wilkinite (contain mass percent be 90% smectite) and 9kg long-acting complex fertilizer additive; 3 parts of Dyhard RU 100s; 0.1 part complex rare-earth; 70 parts of zeolite powders), wherein: the mass percent of N element is 11% in the monoammonium phosphate, P
2O
5Mass percent be 44%, K in the Repone K
2The mass percent of O is 59.1%, and the mass percent of N element is 46.5% in the urea.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
The composition of raw materials of cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer of the present invention is following:
(component by following mass fraction is formed: 8 parts of quinhydrones for 296kg monoammonium phosphate, 120kg Repone K, 494kg urea, 109kg wilkinite (contain mass percent be 90% smectite) and 7kg long-acting complex fertilizer additive; 25 parts of Dyhard RU 100s; 0.8 part complex rare-earth; 95 parts of zeolite powders), wherein: the mass percent of N element is 11% in the monoammonium phosphate, P
2O
5Mass percent be 44%, K in the Repone K
2The mass percent of O is 58.1%, and the mass percent of N element is 46.55% in the urea.
Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
Below nutrients such as the contrast fertilising described in the experiment be meant contained available nitrogen in the various fertilizer that control experiment uses, available phosphorus and effectively three kinds of nutrients of potassium total content and the contained available nitrogen of cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer of the present invention, available phosphorus and effectively the total content of three kinds of nutrients of potassium equate that various fertilizer amounts are complied with the local farm crop traditional habit consumption that applies fertilizer in the control experiment.
1, the application of cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer of the present invention in the sluggard cotton.
30 mu on the cotton ground of the sluggard of selection testing station, academy of agricultural sciences, Xinjiang, Manas County, state, Changji, North SinKiang five teams, soil type is a desert grey soil, a film 4 row plantations; Line-spacing is 30 cm-50 cm-30 cm-55cm, spacing in the rows 10 cm, and be April 26 sowing date; Irrigation method is well water furrow irrigation, irrigates breeding time 9 times.Soil is as shown in table 1 in the nutrient situation of 0-20cm before the fertilising, and nutrient situation is measured with ASI method (Agro. Service International, soil nutrient status systems approach to management).
Table 1
Test is established three groups:
First group: contrast waits nutrient fertilising group;
Second group: contrast waits nutrient fertilising+long-acting complex fertilizer additive group; Wherein the long-acting complex fertilizer additive add-on is a 0.424kg/ mu;
The 3rd group: cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer group of the present invention.
All disposable the topdressing of cotton bud stage machinery trench digging, fertilising consumption and pure amount of nutrients are seen table 2 to each group.All the other management processs are all consistent.
Table 2
。
It is as shown in table 3 to record output of cotton.
Table 3
2, the application of cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer of the present invention in cotton variety Ji 958.
50 mu of the cotton fields in the Da Lete town, Boyue City, Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Bortala that selection Xinjiang is northern, soil type is ploughed moisture soil for irritating, and cotton variety is Ji 958; The 4 row plantations of one film; Line-spacing is 30cm-50cm-30cm-55cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, and be April 28 sowing date; Irrigation method is well water furrow irrigation, irrigates breeding time 9 times.Soil is as shown in table 4 in the nutrient situation of 0-20cm before the fertilising, and nutrient situation is measured with the ASI method.
Table 4
Test is established two groups:
First group: contrast waits nutrient fertilising group;
Second group: cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer group of the present invention.
First group is applied by local peasant habit fertilization time and fertilizing method: two ammoniums apply as base manure, and urea topdresses at twice and applies; Fertilizing method is: plow behind the broadcast application material, fertilizer is translated into underground 15 centimeters to 20 centimeters again.Second group is applied as base manure, and fertilizing method is identical with first group of fertilizing method, and specifically apply fertilizer consumption and pure amount of nutrients are seen table 5, and all the other field cultivation management processs are all consistent.
Table 5
。
It is as shown in table 6 to record output of cotton.
Table 6
3, the application of cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer of the present invention in long stapled cotton.
Select 30 mu on the rich company 3 of Awat County Hua Fuheng long stapled cotton ground even, long stapled cotton kind: new sea 28.Great soil group is a meadow soil, and soil property is a silty loam, middle fertility, even, and a film 4 row plantations, line-spacing is 20cm-50cm-20cm-50cm, spacing in the rows 12cm, 1.67 ten thousand strain/mus are set in theoretical strain, and irrigation method is border irrigation.Fertilising on April 15, fertilizing method is: plow behind the broadcast application material, fertilizer is translated into underground 15 centimeters to 20 centimeters again.Sowing on April 19, April 27 emerged, and watered first water on June 23.Soil is as shown in table 7 in the nutrient situation of 0-20cm before the fertilising, and nutrient situation is measured with the ASI method.
Table 7
Test is established four groups:
First group: contrast waits nutrient fertilising group;
Second group: contrast waits nutrient fertilising+long-acting complex fertilizer additive group, and wherein the long-acting complex fertilizer additive add-on is a 1kg/ mu;
The 3rd group: cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer group of the present invention;
The 4th group: each component concentration is the 3rd group 80% (mass percent).
Each group fertilising consumption and pure amount of nutrients are seen table 8, wherein in the compound organic and inorganic fertilizer quality percentage composition of available nitrogen be 16%, the effective quality percentage composition 2% of potassium.All the other field cultivation management processs are all consistent.
Table 8
It is as shown in table 9 to record output of cotton.
Table 9
。
Can know by table 9: use the 4th group fertilizer, still than the fertilizer raising the output 6.56% of using first group.Can know that cotton long-acting special slow-release fertilizer of the present invention can well be applied to the Xinjiang cotton.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to restriction the present invention, not all within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being done, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.